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Energies
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
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Energies
Article . 2025
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An Investigation into the Saliency Ratio of Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Winding Generators for Offshore Wind Power

Authors: Isaac Rudden; Guang-Jin Li; Zi-Qiang Zhu; Alexander Duke; Richard Clark;

An Investigation into the Saliency Ratio of Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Winding Generators for Offshore Wind Power

Abstract

This paper investigates the nature of the low saliency ratio of large permanent magnet generators with fractional-slot concentrated windings (FSCWs). A saliency ratio of at least 1.2 is typically required to enable sensorless control of large generators—a value naturally achieved in integer slot winding topologies but absent in FSCW surface-mounted permanent magnet machines reported in the literature. The low saliency ratio in FSCW designs is attributed to larger teeth, which reduce magnetic saturation and increase d-axis inductance. This work explores methods to enhance the saliency ratio of FSCW machines for offshore wind turbines, facilitating sensorless rotor position estimation. The proposed approaches are categorized into two groups: (1) those that preserve the conventional machine geometry with minimal modification to the magnetic circuit and (2) those involving magnetic circuit alterations. The results show that significant improvement in saliency ratio is only achievable through magnetic circuit modifications, such as rotor shoes, albeit with some performance trade-offs. A multi-objective genetic algorithm is employed to design two optimized 3 MW FSCW machine topologies, achieving saliency ratios of 1.15 and 1.2 with minimal performance loss. Compared to a 3 MW FSCW baseline, the optimized designs show stator power reductions of 3.40% and 6.16% for saliency ratios of 1.15 and 1.2, respectively.

Keywords

Technology, concentrated winding, saliency, PM wind generators, T, sensorless, fractional slot

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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