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Plug-in-Hybrid Vehicle Use, Energy Consumption, and Greenhouse Emissions: An Analysis of Household Vehicle Placements in Northern California

doi: 10.3390/en4030435
We report on the real-world use over the course of one year of a nickel-metal-hydride plug-in hybrid—the Toyota Plug-In HV—by a set of 12 northern California households able to charge at home and work. From vehicle use data, energy and greenhouse-emissions implications are also explored. A total of 1557 trips—most using under 0.5 gallons of gasoline—ranged up to 2.4 hours and 133 miles and averaged 14 minutes and 7 miles. 399 charging events averaged 2.6 hours. The maximum lasted 4.6 hours. Most recharges added less than 1.4 kWh, with a mean charge of 0.92 kWh. The average power drawn was under one-half kilowatt. The greenhouse gas emissions from driving and charging were estimated to be 2.6 metric tons, about half of the emissions expected from a 22.4-mpg vehicle (the MY2009 fleet-wide real-world average). The findings contribute to better understanding of how plug-in hybrids might be used, their potential impact, and how potential benefits and requirements vary for different plug-in-vehicle designs. For example, based on daily driving distances, 20 miles of charge-depleting range would have been fully utilized on 81% of days driven, whereas 40 miles would not have been fully utilized on over half of travel days.
- University of California, Berkeley United States
- University of California System United States
Technology, electric drive, alternative fuel, plug-in hybrid, household driving behavior, energy use, fuel consumption, plug-in hybrid; electric drive; charging; energy use; greenhouse gas emissions; household driving behavior; real world data; alternative fuel; battery size; fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, T, battery size, charging, real world data, jel: jel:Q40, jel: jel:Q, jel: jel:Q43, jel: jel:Q42, jel: jel:Q41, jel: jel:Q48, jel: jel:Q47, jel: jel:Q49, jel: jel:Q0, jel: jel:Q4
Technology, electric drive, alternative fuel, plug-in hybrid, household driving behavior, energy use, fuel consumption, plug-in hybrid; electric drive; charging; energy use; greenhouse gas emissions; household driving behavior; real world data; alternative fuel; battery size; fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, T, battery size, charging, real world data, jel: jel:Q40, jel: jel:Q, jel: jel:Q43, jel: jel:Q42, jel: jel:Q41, jel: jel:Q48, jel: jel:Q47, jel: jel:Q49, jel: jel:Q0, jel: jel:Q4
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).22 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Top 10% impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10%
