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Development of Rice Bran Mixed Porous Clay Bricks for Permeable Pavements: A Sustainable LID Technique for Arid Regions

تطوير الطوب الطيني المختلط المسامي بنخالة الأرز للأرصفة المنفذة: تقنية غطاء مستدامة للمناطق القاحلة
Authors: Fawaz Alharbi; Meshal Almoshaogeh; Md. Shafiquzzaman; Husnain Haider; Rafiquzzaman; Ahmed Alragi; Sherif Elkholy; +2 Authors

Development of Rice Bran Mixed Porous Clay Bricks for Permeable Pavements: A Sustainable LID Technique for Arid Regions

Abstract

Permeable pavement provides sustainable solutions for urban stormwater management. In this research, the potential of rice bran mixed porous clay bricks were evaluated for permeable pavements. Physical, mechanical and hydrological properties along with stormwater treatment capabilities of the brick samples were assessed. The study found that ratio of rice bran and clay soil has significant impacts on the properties of the produced bricks. Water adsorption and porosity increased with increasing rice bran ratio. Compressive strength of brick samples decreased from 29.6 MPa to 6.9 MPa when the ratio of rice bran was increased from 0% to 20%. The permeability coefficient increased from 4 × 10−4 to 1.39 × 10−2 mm/s with the increase in rice bran from 0% to 30%. The preamble clay bricks were efficient to remove turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), five days’ biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and heavy metals (Mn, Cu, and Zn) from stormwater to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for wastewater reuse application. The bricks with ≤10% of rice bran achieved the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard of the desire compressive strength and permeability coefficient for pedestrian and light traffic pavements. The porous bricks prepared in this study can be used to construct permeable pavements and would be a sustainable low impact developments technique for stormwater management in urban areas.

Keywords

permeable pavement, Cement, Organic chemistry, Biochemistry, Renewable energy sources, Engineering, contaminant removal, Bran, GE1-350, Urban Heat Islands and Mitigation Strategies, permeable clay bricks, Moisture Buffering, Environmental effects of industries and plants, Pervious concrete, Ecology, Membrane, Geology, compressive strength, Surface runoff, Raw material, Chemistry, Physical Sciences, coefficient of permeability, Porosity, Composite material, Environmental Engineering, Sustainable Earth Construction Materials and Techniques, Urban Stormwater Management and Sustainable Drainage Systems, Permeability (electromagnetism), Stormwater, TJ807-830, Environmental engineering, Compressive strength, TD194-195, Environmental science, Waste management, Biology, rice bran, FOS: Environmental engineering, Building and Construction, FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences, clay soil, Materials science, Environmental sciences, Geotechnical engineering, FOS: Biological sciences, Environmental Science, Brick

  • BIP!
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    citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    6
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
6
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
gold