With the variability of the business environment, the various tools that have emerged during the formation of management to support its functionality have been flexibly changed, used, or interchanged. With emphasis on the level of strategic management, it is not only the right choice of strategy and its implementation, but also the use of adequate theory or method of strategy implementation. There is a whole range of such methods, including management by objectives (MBO) by P. Drucker, a pioneer in modern management. The paper focuses on the implementation and use of a management system according to objectives in Slovak companies. Based on the content analysis of available professional resources, it defines the theoretical basis of the researched issues and the basic principles that relate to the MBO method. The analytical part is a case study of a selected Slovak company, in which we analyze the current state of management using qualitative and quantitative methods. Subsequently, based on the main findings, we propose possible recommendations for more effective management according to the objectives of the surveyed company.