Giant urban rail transit (GURT) systems have been formed in many metropolises and play a critical role in addressing serious traffic congestion. Unfortunately, as a dynamic and complex system, the vulnerability of GURT networks under various failure scenarios will be more prominent as the network expansion continues. Thus, it is imperative to explore the complex structural characteristics of the network and improve the ability to deal with the disturbance of emergencies. In this study, the destruction resistance of GURT networks with scale growth is illustrated from a vulnerability perspective. Specifically, taking Shanghai rail transit (SHRT) system as an example, the network topology model is constructed using the Space L method, and the network structure characteristics are analyzed based on the complex network theory. In addition, five attack strategies are developed to represent random and targeted attacks during the simulation of network failure, and two metrics are determined to evaluate the network vulnerability. Some meaningful results have been obtained: (i) The Shanghai rail transit planning network (SHRTPN) has increased the network efficiency by more than 10% over the Shanghai rail transit operating network (SHRTON) and has effectively enhanced the network destruction resistance. (ii) The SHRT network is a small-world network and shows significant vulnerability under the targeted attacks. The failure of only 3% high betweenness stations in SHRTON can lead to a 66.2% decrease in the network efficiency and a 75.8% decrease in the largest connected component (LCC) ratio. (iii) Attacking stations will cause more severe network failures than attacking edges, and it is necessary to focus on preventing catastrophic network failure caused by the critical station’s failure breaking the threshold. Finally, the strategies for improving the destruction resistance of GURT networks are proposed. The findings of this research can provide an essential reference for the rational planning, safety protection, and sustainable construction of GURT systems.