Urban rail transportation is an important public transportation network for realizing the dual carbon strategy and sustainable transportation development. A top-stream station is an important node in this network. This paper focuses on 47 top-stream station sites during the peak hours of workdays from 2018 to 2020 in Beijing (26 inbound and 22 outbound, with Beijing South Station as a double-stream station) and collects and analyzes information such as station area spatial texture, spatial organization efficiency, land use function, land use mix, POI (Point of Interest) distribution and functional mix, construction intensity, and population heat distribution. Through an analysis of the network topological structure characteristics of each station area, comparison of spatial efficiency differences, analysis of land use function composition and mix characteristics, and distribution of spatial construction intensity, this paper discusses the relationship between the spatial structure, spatial function, spatial intensity characteristics and key indicators of the built environment of station areas from the perspective of urban design. The conclusion shows that there is a close relationship between the function, structure, and strength of the overall built environment of the station domain at the theoretical level. The regression test, to some extent, confirms the close relationship between key indicators and expands the indicator system for measuring the fit relationship. The comparison between general station sites and headstream station sites shows that the fit relationship of indicators for headstream station sites is not completely the same as that for general station sites, indicating that the influencing factors for headstream station sites are diverse. This reminds investment, design, construction, and management teams in practice that the measurement and planning of the built environment space structure of the station domain should be based on local conditions and be closely related to the topological structure of the station domain’s rail network and road network structure. At the same time, whether the stability of the indicator system and the specific R-squared value have differences in various cities requires further verification. This paper explores and tries to raise questions about the research methodology of the built environment space structure, the measurement of the station domain, and the concepts of station-city coordination and development.