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Sustainability
Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
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Sustainability
Article . 2023
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Physical, Rheological, and Permanent Deformation Behaviors of WMA-RAP Asphalt Binders

Authors: Kátia Aline Bohn; Liseane Padilha Thives; Luciano Pivoto Specht;

Physical, Rheological, and Permanent Deformation Behaviors of WMA-RAP Asphalt Binders

Abstract

With the rapid global expansion of road networks, the asphalt industry faces several environmental challenges, such as material shortages, environmental concerns, escalating material costs, demand for eco-friendly materials, and the implementation of “Net Zero” policies. Given these challenges and recognizing the need to explore new solutions, this research evaluated asphalt binder samples incorporating Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), or WMA-RAP. The assessment focused on analyzing the physical, rheological, and permanent deformation characteristics of WMA-RAP samples containing 20%, 35%, and 50% recycled pavement. The study utilized a chemical surfactant-type WMA additive, Evotherm® P25. The findings showed that the WMA-RAP combination resulted in increased stiffness ranging from 247% to 380% and a reduced phase angle of 16% to 26% with an increasing RAP content from 20% to 50% at Tref 20 °C and 10 Hz. Furthermore, the penetration decreased from 20% to 47%, and the softening point increased from 7% to 17%. An improvement of 2 PGHs was observed by adding 35% and 50% RAP. Additionally, WMA samples containing up to 50% RAP presented more elevated permanent deformation resistance, supporting traffic levels of 64V or 70H. WMA-RAP binders allow mixture production at lower temperatures—an amount of 30 °C less—conserving energy and decreasing the need for new aggregate materials by incorporating recycled materials, thus minimizing the environmental impact.

Keywords

Environmental effects of industries and plants, TJ807-830, WMA-RAP, recycling materials, TD194-195, Renewable energy sources, Environmental sciences, reclaimed asphalt pavement, permanent deformation, GE1-350, industrial sustainability materials, warm asphalt binder

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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