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Changements climatiques, changements du littoral et évolution de la vulnérabilité côtière au fil du temps : comparaison de territoires français, canadien et sénégalais

Climate change, coastal development and vulnerability : a comparison of French, Canadian and Senegalese territories
Authors: Weissenberger, Sébastien; Noblet, M.; Plante, S.; Chouinard, O.; Guillemot, J.; Aubé, M.; Meur-Ferec, Catherine; +6 Authors

Changements climatiques, changements du littoral et évolution de la vulnérabilité côtière au fil du temps : comparaison de territoires français, canadien et sénégalais

Abstract

La vulnérabilité des zones côtière aux impacts des changements climatiques et aux aléas météo-marins (tempêtes, inondations, etc.) résulte conjointement de dynamiques liées au milieu naturel et à l’élément humain et social qui façonnent le système socio-écologique. Pour tenir compte de cette dualité, des approches théoriques ont été développées, telles que le couple exposition/sensibilité dans le développement d’indices de vulnérabilité climatique ou le couple aléa/enjeux dans le domaine de la gestion du risque. Souvent, ces approches ne s’appliquent que de manière instantanée et n’intègrent pas, entre autres, l’historique du territoire et l’évolution temporelle de la vulnérabilité. Nous nous intéressons ici à la dimension historique de la vulnérabilité, c’est à dire comment l’aménagement et l’utilisation du territoire ont contribué à créer une vulnérabilité. Nous décrirons comment la vulnérabilité aux changements climatiques de certains territoires côtiers en France, au Sénégal et dans l’Est du Canada est déterminée par l’évolution de l’aménagement du territoire, lui-même fonction de facteurs démographiques, économiques, environnementaux, sociaux et culturels qui se sont mis en place sur différentes échelles de temps, séculaires pour certains, récentes pour d’autres. Nous constatons que différentes trajectoires historiques, p. ex. le développement du tourisme côtier, l’ouverture du territoire à travers des nouveaux modes de transport, l’évolution d’activités économiques côtières comme la pêche, ou encore les changements démographiques résultant de conditions climatiques difficiles dans l’hinterland peuvent rendre un territoire sensible aux impacts des changements climatiques et des aléas météo-marins. La synergie entre ces différentes transformations du territoire côtier et les changements climatiques actuels et attendus, donne le portrait d’une vulnérabilité en constante transformation.

Country
France
Keywords

coastal development, 550, hazard, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, vulnerability, adaptation, 910, perception, [ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, changements climatiques, Climate change, vulnérabilité, GE1-350, augmentation du niveau de la mer, risk, Changements climatiques, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Environmental sciences, climate change, risque, aléa, sea level rise, développement côtier

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    8
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
8
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
gold