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Biofuel and Biorefinery Technologies
The global demand for energy is expected to rise up to 59% by the year 2035. This is due to the increasing technology developments and contemporary industrialization. Continues trends of these simultaneously will affects the crude fossil oil reserves progressively. Therefore, biofuels that are predominantly produced from the biomass based feedstocks such as plant, algae material and animal waste. Liquid or gaseous biofuels are the most simple to ship, deliver, and burn since they are easier to transport, deliver, and burn cleanly. The key contributor to the elevated green house gaseous concentration is carbon dioxide (CO2). Two-thirds of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions are due to fossil fuel combustion, with the remaining third attributed to land-use changes. Interestingly, recent literature has announced that the utilization of liquid biofuels capable of reducing the CO and CO2 emissions. Other positive impacts of the liquid biofuels are; (1) reduce the external energy dependence, (2) promote the regional engineering, (3) increase the Research & Development activities, (4) reduce the environmental effects of electricity generation and transformation, (5) improve the quality of services for rural residents and (6) provide job opportunities.
- Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Malaysia
- Universiti Putra Malaysia Malaysia
- Universiti Putra Malaysia Malaysia
- Federal University Otuoke Nigeria
- National University of Malaysia Malaysia
Biomass (ecology), Renewable energy, Bioethanol Production, Economics, Technical Aspects of Biodiesel Production, Aviation biofuel, Biomedical Engineering, FOS: Medical engineering, Environmental protection, Environmental science, Engineering, Biofuel, Natural resource economics, Market economy, Climate change, Bioenergy, Waste management, Biology, Ecology, Global warming, Fossil fuel, Building and Construction, Biorefinery, Emissions, Global Bioenergy Potential, FOS: Biological sciences, Electrical engineering, Physical Sciences, Biogas Production, Biodiesel, Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production, Technologies for Biofuel Production from Biomass, Industrialisation
Biomass (ecology), Renewable energy, Bioethanol Production, Economics, Technical Aspects of Biodiesel Production, Aviation biofuel, Biomedical Engineering, FOS: Medical engineering, Environmental protection, Environmental science, Engineering, Biofuel, Natural resource economics, Market economy, Climate change, Bioenergy, Waste management, Biology, Ecology, Global warming, Fossil fuel, Building and Construction, Biorefinery, Emissions, Global Bioenergy Potential, FOS: Biological sciences, Electrical engineering, Physical Sciences, Biogas Production, Biodiesel, Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production, Technologies for Biofuel Production from Biomass, Industrialisation
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).2 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Average influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Average impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Average
