In modern economics, two main approaches are used to measure production efficiency: frontier and non-frontier. Each of them can be calculated in parametric and non-parametric ways. The non-frontier approach is based on the theory that the country is technically efficient, in other words, the actual output itself is the maximum possible output. Whereas, according to the frontier approach, efficiency is defined as the actual output's score relative to the production frontier, which is considered a tangible advantage over the non-frontier approach. Based on the data of 2000-2021, for 47 middle-income countries, including Armenia, we calculated the GDP production efficiency of each country in parametric and non-parametric ways using the stochastic frontier model and the Malmquist index, respectively. Armenia has a lower efficiency score than the average for the countries studied for the period under review, however, in terms of efficiency growth, the country's rating is relatively high. In the first ten years of the observed period, the increase in the RA standard of living was not caused by an increase in efficiency, unlike the next decade. The efficiency of RA GDP production is mainly determined by technical efficiency. The country needs to expand production frontier and improve scale efficiency.