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DETECTION OF A CHANGE OF SLOPE IN THE SPECTRUM OF HEAVY MASS COSMIC RAYS PRIMARIES BY THE KASCADE-GRANDE EXPERIMENT

الكشف عن تغيير المنحدر في طيف الأشعة الكونية الجماعية الثقيلة الأولية من خلال تجربة KASCADE - GRANDE
Authors: W.D. Apel; J. C. Arteaga‐Velázquez; K. Bekk; M. Bertaina; J. Blümer; H. Bozdog; I. M. Brancus; +50 Authors

DETECTION OF A CHANGE OF SLOPE IN THE SPECTRUM OF HEAVY MASS COSMIC RAYS PRIMARIES BY THE KASCADE-GRANDE EXPERIMENT

Abstract

KASCADE-Grande es un extenso experimento de ducha de aire dedicado al estudio de los rayos cósmicos en el rango de energía de 1016 ÷ 1018 eV. La matriz está compuesta por diferentes detectores que permiten mediciones independientes del número de muones (Nμ) y partículas cargadas (Nch) de duchas de aire extensas (EAS). Estos dos observables se utilizan para estudiar el espectro de energía primaria, separando los eventos en dos muestras, en función de la relación del tamaño de la ducha, corregida por la atenuación en la atmósfera, lnNμ/ lnNch. Las dos muestras representan los grupos de masa ligera y pesada de las primarias. En el rango de energía estudiado, solo el espectro de primarias pesadas muestra un cambio significativo de pendiente, la energía (estimada utilizando el modelo de interacción hadrónica QGSJET II) de esta característica está de acuerdo con las expectativas de una característica de rodilla dependiente de la rigidez.

KASCADE-Grande est une vaste expérience de douche à air consacrée à l'étude des rayons cosmiques dans la gamme d'énergie 1016 ÷ 1018 eV. Le réseau est composé de différents détecteurs permettant des mesures indépendantes du nombre de muons (Nμ) et de particules chargées (Nch) des douches d'air extensives (EAS). Ces deux observables sont ensuite utilisées pour étudier le spectre d'énergie primaire, en séparant les événements en deux échantillons, sur la base du ratio de taille de la douche, corrigé de l'atténuation dans l'atmosphère, lnNμ/ lnNch. Les deux échantillons représentent les groupes de masse légère et lourde des primaires. Dans la gamme d'énergie étudiée, seul le spectre des primaires lourdes montre un changement significatif de pente, l'énergie (estimée à l'aide du modèle d'interaction hadronique QGSJET II) de cette caractéristique est en accord avec les attentes d'une caractéristique du genou dépendante de la rigidité.

KASCADE-Grande is an extensive air shower experiment devoted to the study of cosmic rays in the 1016 ÷ 1018 eV energy range. The array is composed by different detectors allowing independent measurements of the number of muons (Nμ) and charged particles (Nch) of extensive air showers (EAS). These two observables are then used to study the primary energy spectrum, separating the events in two samples, on the basis of the shower size ratio, corrected for attenuation in the atmosphere, lnNμ/ lnNch. The two samples represent the light and heavy mass groups of the primaries. In the studied energy range only the spectrum of heavy primaries shows a significant change of slope, the energy (estimated using the QGSJET II hadronic interaction model) of this feature is in agreeement with the expectations of a rigidity dependent knee feature.

KASCADE - Grande هي تجربة دش هوائي مكثفة مكرسة لدراسة الأشعة الكونية في نطاق طاقة 1016 ÷ 1018 فولت. تتكون المصفوفة من كاشفات مختلفة تسمح بقياسات مستقلة لعدد الميونات (Nμ) والجسيمات المشحونة (Nch) لدش الهواء المكثف (EAS). ثم يتم استخدام هذين المرصودين لدراسة طيف الطاقة الأولية، وفصل الأحداث في عينتين، على أساس نسبة حجم الدش، وتصحيحها للتوهين في الغلاف الجوي، lnNμ/ lnNch. تمثل العينتان مجموعات الكتلة الخفيفة والثقيلة للانتخابات التمهيدية. في نطاق الطاقة المدروس، يُظهر طيف الانتخابات التمهيدية الثقيلة فقط تغييرًا كبيرًا في المنحدر، وتتوافق الطاقة (المقدرة باستخدام نموذج تفاعل QGSJET II hadronic) لهذه الميزة مع توقعات ميزة الركبة المعتمدة على الصلابة.

Keywords

Composite material, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Air shower, Cosmic-Ray Muon Imaging, Physics, Advancements in Particle Detector Technology, Muon, Nuclear physics, Attenuation, Optics, Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Quantum mechanics, Materials science, Particle Dark Matter and Detection Methods, Range (aeronautics), Physics and Astronomy, Rigidity (electromagnetism), Hadron, Physical Sciences, High-Energy Astrophysics and Particle Acceleration Studies, Energy spectrum

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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