Abstract. As the adverse impacts of hydrological extremes increase in many regions of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of changes in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management and climate adaptation. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive, empirical data about the processes, interactions and feedbacks in complex human-water systems leading to flood and drought impacts. Here we present a benchmark dataset containing socio-hydrological data of paired events, i.e., two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area. The 45 coupled events occurred in 42 different study areas and cover a wide range of socio-economic and hydro-climatic conditions. The dataset is unique in covering both floods and droughts, in the number of cases assessed, and in the quantity of socio-hydrological data. The benchmark dataset inclues: 1) detailed review style reports about the events and key processes between the two events of a pair; 2) the key data table containing variables that assess the indicators which characterise management shortcomings, hazard, exposure, vulnerability and impacts of all events; 3) a table of the indicators-of-change that indicate the differences between the first and second event of a pair. The advantages of the dataset are that it enables comparative analyses across all the coupled events based on the indicators-of-change and allows for detailed context- and location-specific assessments based on the extensive data and reports of the individual study areas. The dataset can be used by the scientific community for exploratory data analytics e.g. focused on causal links between risk management, changes in hazard, exposure and vulnerability and flood or drought impacts. The data can also be used for the development, calibration and validation of socio-hydrological models. The dataset is available to the public through the GFZ Data Services (Kreibich et al. 2023, link for review: https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/panmetaworks/review/923c14519deb04f83815ce108b48dd2581d57b90ce069bec9c948361028b8c85/).

Abstract. As the adverse impacts of hydrological extremes increase in many regions of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of changes in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management and climate adaptation. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive, empirical data about the processes, interactions and feedbacks in complex human-water systems leading to flood and drought impacts. Here we present a benchmark dataset containing socio-hydrological data of paired events, i.e., two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area. The 45 paired events occurred in 42 different study areas and cover a wide range of socio-economic and hydro-climatic conditions. The dataset is unique in covering both floods and droughts, in the number of cases assessed, and in the quantity of socio-hydrological data. The benchmark dataset comprises: 1) detailed review style reports about the events and key processes between the two events of a pair; 2) the key data table containing variables that assess the indicators which characterise management shortcomings, hazard, exposure, vulnerability and impacts of all events; 3) a table of the indicators-of-change that indicate the differences between the first and second event of a pair. The advantages of the dataset are that it enables comparative analyses across all the paired events based on the indicators-of-change and allows for detailed context- and location-specific assessments based on the extensive data and reports of the individual study areas. The dataset can be used by the scientific community for exploratory data analyses e.g. focused on causal links between risk management, changes in hazard, exposure and vulnerability and flood or drought impacts. The data can also be used for the development, calibration and validation of socio-hydrological models. The dataset is available to the public through the GFZ Data Services (Kreibich et al. 2023, link for review: https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/panmetaworks/review/923c14519deb04f83815ce108b48dd2581d57b90ce069bec9c948361028b8c85/).

Abstract. As the adverse impacts of hydrological extremes increase in many regions of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of changes in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management and climate adaptation. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive, empirical data about the processes, interactions and feedbacks in complex human-water systems leading to flood and drought impacts. Here we present a benchmark dataset containing socio-hydrological data of paired events, i.e., two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area. The 45 paired events occurred in 42 different study areas and cover a wide range of socio-economic and hydro-climatic conditions. The dataset is unique in covering both floods and droughts, in the number of cases assessed, and in the quantity of socio-hydrological data. The benchmark dataset includes: 1) detailed review style reports about the events and key processes between the two events of a pair; 2) the key data table containing variables that assess the indicators which characterise management shortcomings, hazard, exposure, vulnerability and impacts of all events; 3) a table of the indicators-of-change that indicates the differences between the first and second events of a pair. The advantages of the dataset are that it enables comparative analyses across all the paird events based on the indicators-of-change and allows for detailed context- and location-specific assessments based on the extensive data and reports of the individual study areas. The dataset can be used by the scientific community for exploratory data analyses e.g. focused on causal links between risk management, changes in hazard, exposure and vulnerability and flood or drought impacts. The data can also be used for the development, calibration and validation of socio-hydrological models. The dataset is available to the public through the GFZ Data Services (Kreibich et al. 2023, link for review: https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/panmetaworks/review/923c14519deb04f83815ce108b48dd2581d57b90ce069bec9c948361028b8c85/).

الخلاصة: مع زيادة الآثار السلبية للظواهر الهيدرولوجية المتطرفة في العديد من مناطق العالم، يعد الفهم الأفضل لدوافع التغيرات في المخاطر والآثار أمرًا ضروريًا للإدارة الفعالة لمخاطر الفيضانات والجفاف والتكيف مع المناخ. ومع ذلك، هناك حاليًا نقص في البيانات التجريبية الشاملة حول العمليات والتفاعلات والتغذية المرتدة في أنظمة المياه البشرية المعقدة التي تؤدي إلى آثار الفيضانات والجفاف. نقدم هنا مجموعة بيانات مرجعية تحتوي على بيانات اجتماعية هيدرولوجية للأحداث المزدوجة، أي فيضانان أو موجتي جفاف وقعتا في نفس المنطقة. وقعت الأحداث الـ 45 المزدوجة في 42 منطقة دراسة مختلفة وتغطي مجموعة واسعة من الظروف الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والمائية المناخية. مجموعة البيانات فريدة من نوعها في تغطية كل من الفيضانات والجفاف، وفي عدد الحالات التي تم تقييمها، وفي كمية البيانات الاجتماعية الهيدرولوجية. تتضمن مجموعة البيانات المعيارية ما يلي: 1) تقارير أسلوب المراجعة التفصيلية حول الأحداث والعمليات الرئيسية بين حدثين للزوج؛ 2) جدول البيانات الرئيسية الذي يحتوي على متغيرات تقيم المؤشرات التي تميز أوجه القصور في الإدارة والمخاطر والتعرض والضعف وتأثيرات جميع الأحداث؛ 3) جدول مؤشرات التغيير الذي يشير إلى الاختلافات بين الحدثين الأول والثاني للزوج. تتمثل مزايا مجموعة البيانات في أنها تمكن التحليلات المقارنة عبر جميع الأحداث الثنائية بناءً على مؤشرات التغيير وتسمح بإجراء تقييمات مفصلة للسياق والموقع بناءً على البيانات والتقارير الشاملة لمناطق الدراسة الفردية. يمكن للمجتمع العلمي استخدام مجموعة البيانات لتحليل البيانات الاستكشافية، على سبيل المثال التركيز على الروابط السببية بين إدارة المخاطر والتغيرات في المخاطر والتعرض والضعف وآثار الفيضانات أو الجفاف. يمكن أيضًا استخدام البيانات لتطوير النماذج الاجتماعية الهيدرولوجية ومعايرتها والتحقق من صحتها. مجموعة البيانات متاحة للجمهور من خلال خدمات بيانات GFZ (Kreibich et al. 2023، رابط للمراجعة: https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/panmetaworks/review/923c14519deb04f83815ce108b48dd2581d57b90ce069bec9c948361028b8c85/).