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Waste valorization in the cocoa/chocolate value chain in Switzerland

Valorización de residuos en la cadena de valor del cacao/chocolate en Suiza
Authors: Blasco Tomás, Juan;

Waste valorization in the cocoa/chocolate value chain in Switzerland

Abstract

[ES] Una vez que el fruto del cacao alcanza la madurez, se recolectan las mazorcas de cacao y luego se extraen, fermentan, secan y procesan los granos de cacao crudos. Sin embargo, alrededor del 75% de la fruta, compuesta por la cáscara de vaina, pulpa y cáscara de grano como principales subproductos, se considera desperdicio y se desecha. . Existe una necesidad urgente de apoyar a los agricultores para que aumenten de manera sostenible sus ingresos, sin aumentar la presión sobre las tierras forestales del mundo. Dada la enorme cantidad de subproductos orgánicos no contaminados del cacao, existe una clara oportunidad en la cadena de valor para capturar y transformar residuos e introducir la circularidad en la producción de cacao. Las aplicaciones potenciales de las cáscaras de mazorcas de cacao se han investigado en varios campos, incluido el de producción de fertilizantes (Doungous et al., 2018), suplementación de alimentos para animales (Makinde et al., 2019), generación de biocombustibles (Mendoza-Meneses et al., 2021) y fabricación de jabón orgánico (Gyedu-Akoto et al., 2015). Los ricos constituyentes que se encuentran en las cáscaras de los granos de cacao han demostrado potencial en las industrias alimentaria, farmacéutica y cosmética, ofreciendo importantes beneficios para la salud de los seres humanos (Vásquez et al., 2019). Además, los investigadores han investigado la capacidad de las cáscaras de los granos de cacao en la adsorción de contaminantes para la depuración de aguas residuales (Plaza-Recobert et al., 2017), así como su posible uso en materiales de fabricación (Veloso et al., 2020). La pulpa de cacao ha demostrado tener aplicaciones en las industrias de alimentos y bebidas (Guirlanda et al., 2021). Sin embargo, para que se produzca el cambio, es crucial llenar el vacío de investigación para comprender las prácticas actuales de generación y gestión de residuos, e identificar los desafíos que deben abordarse para integrar nuevas aplicaciones de alto valor agregado para los subproductos del cacao. Esta comprensión es esencial para garantizar la implementación exitosa y la escalabilidad de soluciones innovadoras.

[EN] Once the cacao fruit reaches maturity, the cacao pods are collected and then the raw cacao beans are extracted, fermented, dried, and processed. Nevertheless, around 75% of the fruit, consisting of the pod husk, pulp, and bean shells as the main byproducts, is considered as waste and is discarded. . There is urgent need to support farmers in sustainably increasing their income, without increasing pressure on the world s forested land. Given the huge amount of uncontaminated organic by-products of cocoa, there is a clear opportunity in the value chain for capturing and transforming waste and introducing circularity into cocoa production.The potential applications of cocoa pod husks have been investigated in several fields, including fertilizer production (Doungous et al., 2018), animal feed supplementation (Makinde et al., 2019), biofuel generation (Mendoza-Meneses et al., 2021), and organic soap manufacturing (Gyedu-Akoto et al., 2015). The rich constituents found in cocoa bean shells have shown potential in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, offering significant health benefits to humans (Vásquez et al., 2019). In addition, researchers have investigated the capacity of cocoa bean shells in the adsorption of contaminants for wastewater purification (Plaza-Recobert et al., 2017), as well as their possible use in manufacturing materials (Veloso et al., 2020). Cocoa pulp has proved applications in the food and beverage industries (Guirlanda et al., 2021). However, for change to take place, it is crucial to fill the research gap in understanding the current waste generation and management practices, and identify the challenges that need to be addressed to integrate new, high-value-adding applications for the cocoa byproducts. This understanding is essential to ensure the successful implementation and scalability of innovative solutions.

Country
Spain
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Keywords

Reciclaje, Circular economy, Upcycling, Valorization, Valorización, Cadena de valor, Pulpa de cacao, Cocoa, Suiza, Actores, Chocolate, Cocoa pod husk, Subproducto, Cacao, Actors, Sostenibilidad, Cáscara de vaina de cacao, Cocoa pulp, Economía circular, Value chain, Sustainability, Waste, Cáscara de grano de cacao, ORGANIZACION DE EMPRESAS, Byproduct, Residuos, Switzerland, Cocoa bean shell, Grado en Ingeniería en Tecnologías Industriales-Grau en Enginyeria en Tecnologies Industrials

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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