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Master thesis . 2025
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Estudio de viabilidad del uso de la biomasa como fuente de energía sostenible para la deshidratación de alimentos en la región de Zacatecas, México

Feasibility study of the use of biomass as a sustainable energy source for food dehydration in the Zacatecas region, Mexico
Authors: Gueguen, Loup;

Estudio de viabilidad del uso de la biomasa como fuente de energía sostenible para la deshidratación de alimentos en la región de Zacatecas, México

Abstract

[ES] En la región de Zacatecas, México, la deshidratación de alimentos es fundamental para reducir las pérdidas postcosecha, pero depende principalmente de combustibles fósiles como el combustóleo y el GLP, que conllevan elevados costes e importantes emisiones de CO₂. Este estudio, realizado en el marco del proyecto ADSIDEO, explora la transición a quemadores y calderas de biomasa como alternativa a los combustibles fósiles para reducir los costes de producción y el impacto ambiental. Identifica las fuentes locales de biomasa, evalúa su potencial energético y su disponibilidad, y analiza los costes de conversión y los efectos medioambientales. El estudio compara el rendimiento técnico de los quemadores de biomasa con el de los quemadores de combustibles fósiles, demostrando que la biomasa puede ofrecer una eficiencia comparable al tiempo que reduce las emisiones de CO₂. De hecho, gracias a este estudio, hemos demostrado que las emisiones de CO₂ pueden reducirse en torno a un 80%. Los análisis económicos y medioambientales demuestran que la utilización de residuos agrícolas como fuente de biomasa representa una solución prometedora para una deshidratación de alimentos más sostenible. Al sustituir a los combustibles fósiles, este planteamiento no sólo reduce las pérdidas posteriores a la cosecha, sino que también impulsa la competitividad de la industria agroalimentaria de la región. El estudio estima que, con 65 plantas de deshidratación, la región necesitaría unos 815.830 GJ de energía al año procedente de biomasa local, evitando las emisiones de tCO2 asociadas al uso de combustibles fósiles. Además, los residuos de biomasa disponibles podrían proporcionar hasta casi 1.500.000 GJ de energía, contribuyendo a una transición energética más limpia y eficiente.

[EN] In the Zacatecas region of Mexico, food dehydration is essential to reduce post-harvest losses but relies mainly on fossil fuels such as fuel oil and LPG, which entail high costs and significant CO₂ emissions. This study, conducted as part of the ADSIDEO project, explores the transition to biomass burners and boilers as an alternative to fossil fuels to reduce production costs and environmental impact. It identifies local biomass sources, assesses their energy potential and availability, and analyses conversion costs and environmental effects. The study compares the technical performance of biomass burners with that of fossil fuel burners, demonstrating that biomass can offer comparable efficiency while reducing CO₂ emissions. In fact, through this study, we have shown that CO₂ emissions can be reduced by around 80%. Economic and environmental analyses show that using agricultural residues as a source of biomass represents a promising solution for more sustainable food dehydration. By replacing fossil fuels, this approach not only reduces post-harvest losses, but also boosts the competitiveness of the region's agri-food industry. The study estimates that, with 65 dehydration plants, the region would need about 815.830 GJ of energy per year from local biomass, avoiding the tCO2 emissions associated with the use of fossil fuels. In addition, available biomass waste could provide around 1.500.000 GJ of energy, contributing to a cleaner and more efficient energy transition.

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Spain
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Keywords

Local resource management, Renewable energy, Máster Universitario en Ingeniería Industrial-Màster Universitari en Enginyeria Industrial, Deshidratación de alimentos, Food dehydration, MAQUINAS Y MOTORES TERMICOS, Biomasa, INGENIERIA ELECTRICA, Energía renovable, Biomass, Gestión de los recursos locales

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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