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Kazakhstan

Authors: World Bank Group;
Abstract

This report is structured as follows. Chapter one analyzes the performance of Kazakhstan s trade. Chapter two presents an overview of recent developments in Kazakhstan regional and international trade integration. Chapter three examines in detail key issues related to market access, focusing on non-tariff measures and trade facilitation and logistics. Chapter four examines the services sector and offers a roadmap for actions to enhance its competitiveness. Chapter five addresses building institutional capacity for the trade and competitiveness agenda. The report s recommendations are summarized in the following table. In order of the four main messages of the report, they cover balancing regional and international integration efforts, measures to improve access to inputs and export markets by reducing non-tariff barriers and through trade facilitation measures, raising the quality and efficiency of the services sector, and strengthening institutional capacity to implement an effective trade policy and competitiveness agenda.

Country
United States
Related Organizations
Keywords

STRUCTURAL REFORM, CUSTOMS, INVESTMENT, INTERMEDIATE INPUTS, VALUE ADDED, WORLD TRADE, EXPORT SECTOR, COMMODITIES, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, subsidies, ROAD, INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, FINANCING, BOTTLENECKS, EMPLOYMENT, EXPORT MARKETS, GLOBAL INTEGRATION, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, agriculture, E-COMMERCE, INCOME, EXPORT GROWTH, TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE, STAKEHOLDER, GUARANTEE AGENCY, COMPETITIVENESS, EFFICIENT TRANSPORT, REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT, TRADE PERFORMANCE, WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY, MARKET SHARE CHANGES, PER CAPITA INCOME, TRANSPARENCY, STRATEGIES, EMERGING MARKETS, FINANCIAL MARKETS, PENSIONS, EXPORT PROMOTION, SOCIETY, SUBSIDIES, INCOMES, TRADE POLICY ANALYSIS, MARKETS, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, PUBLIC SERVICES, INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, GLOBAL ECONOMY, TRANSFERS, TRADE UNION, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE PATTERN, LOW-INCOME ECONOMIES, COMPETITIVE INDUSTRIES, JOB OPPORTUNITY, APPAREL, RAIL, ELASTICITY, ECONOMIC COOPERATION, STRUCTURAL CHANGE, TRADE AGENDA, TRADE SURPLUS, TRUE, MINISTER, ANTI CORRUPTION, ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITIES, FINANCIAL SERVICES, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, TRADE IN SERVICES, CLIMATE CHANGE, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, ADVANCED ECONOMIES, EXTERNAL SHOCKS, WTO, EMPLOYEE, GDP, INTERMEDIATE IMPORTS, TRADE BALANCE, TRANSPORTATION SERVICES, EXTERNAL TARIFFS, TAXATION, GREATER ACCESS, SECURITY, RISK, EXPORTS, JUDICIARY, CUSTOMS VALUATION, FOREIGN MARKETS, POSITIVE EFFECTS, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, AIR, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, BARRIERS TO ENTRY, REGULATORY AGENCY, POLICIES, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, POLICY, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, STATE, FISCAL POLICY, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, JUSTICE, SAFETY, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, NUTRITION, CURRENCY, EXPORT BASKET, FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS, BANKS, ENERGY EXPORT, FUELS, TECHNICAL REGULATIONS, UNION, GENDER EQUITY, ORGANIZATION, FISCAL SYSTEM REFORM, PATTERN OF SPECIALIZATION, TRADE AND INVESTMENT POLICY, MOBILE PHONE, SKILLED LABOR, LOAN, COMMODITY PRICES, EXPORT VOLUMES, PUBLIC FINANCE, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, MARKET SHARE, TRADE COSTS, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, JUDICIAL SYSTEM, FREIGHT, STRATEGY, EXPOSURE, TARIFF PROTECTION, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, TARIFF POLICY, VALUE OF EXPORTS, GAS SECTOR, NEW MARKETS, CORRUPTION, EXPORT PRODUCTS, TARIFF POLICIES, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, HEAVY RELIANCE, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORTATION, 306, EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, COMMODITY EXPORTERS, GENDER, TRADE COMPETITIVENESS, ACCOUNTABILITY, FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, LAW, EXPORT PERFORMANCE, ROAD TRANSPORT, VOLATILITY, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, EXPORT PATTERNS, MARKET ACCESS, VALUATION, CORPORATION, TAX, CUSTOMS UNION, FOREIGN INVESTORS, INVENTORY, EXPORT MARKET SHARE, ECONOMIC GROWTH, TRADE UNIONS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, COMPETITIVENESS OF GOODS, TARIFF BARRIERS, FISCAL ADMINISTRATION, PROJECTS, COMMODITY, TRANSACTION COSTS, DISASTER MANAGEMENT, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, CUSTOMS BROKERS, BEST PRACTICE, LENDING, ADVANCED COUNTRIES, CIVIL SOCIETY, STAKEHOLDERS, E-TRADE, INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, WOMEN, ECONOMIC CRISIS, FINANCIAL CRISIS, AGREEMENT ON TRADE, TRADE FACILITATION, 320, CARRIERS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, DOMESTIC ECONOMY, GUARANTEE, POLITICAL STABILITY, CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCES, BANK, ACCESS TO MICRO-FINANCE, AGREEMENT, INFORMATION SHARING, PROCUREMENT, FOREIGN FINANCING, MICRO-FINANCE, TRADE POLICY, RAPID GROWTH, RISK MANAGEMENT, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT, ORGANIZATIONS, 330, ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, REDUCING POVERTY, LIVING STANDARDS, EXPORT MARKET, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, 336, 337, INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES, LIMITED, PUBLIC INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, FINANCE, MEDIA, EXPORTERS, 339, TRADE DEFICIT, WAGES, MARKET DEMANDS, COMPETITION FRAMEWORK, NATIONAL INCOME, SAFETY NET, PRICE-SENSITIVE, NEW PRODUCTS, WORLD MARKET, agricultural budget, MUTUAL RECOGNITION, NATURAL RESOURCE, OPENNESS, TRADE INTEGRATION, TOTAL OUTPUT, GDP PER CAPITA, MUTUAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENTS, SERVICES, STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION, EXPORT REVENUE, RISKS, SODIUM, TRADE POLICIES, RAIL CORRIDORS, PUBLIC SECTOR REFORM, BARRIERS TO TRADE, CUSTOMS CLEARANCE, TRUST, VULNERABLE GROUPS, EQUALITY, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, FINANCIAL PRODUCTS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ACCESS TO FINANCE, AGRICULTURE, FREE TRADE, TRANSIT, FUEL, ACCESSIBILITY, DONOR COORDINATION, HARMONIZATION, PARTNERSHIPS, CONNECTIVITY, ROUTE, REGIONAL TRADE, budget management, LIBERALIZATION, PORTFOLIOS, VALUE, EXPORT BASE, FOOD SECURITY, SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS, METAL PRODUCTS, GOVERNANCE, BENCHMARK, HUMAN CAPITAL, MARGINAL PRODUCTS, FLEETS, INSURANCE, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, EMPLOYEES, EQUITY, GOVERNMENT, CURRENT ACCOUNT, TRADE MORE, OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES, TRANSPORT SERVICES, POLICY DESIGN, DEBT MANAGEMENT, MACROECONOMIC POLICY, FOREIGN MARKET, PEOPLE, EXTERNAL TARIFF, IMPORT PRODUCT, TRANSPORT COSTS, UNSKILLED WORKERS, MEDIUM, TECHNOLOGY, ROLLING STOCK, UNIONS, DATA AVAILABILITY, EXPORT SECTORS, PUBLIC OWNERSHIP, REGULATORS, ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES, INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS, BORDER CROSSING, 381, JOB CREATION, COMMODITY EXPORT, EXPORT VALUE, NON-TARIFF BARRIERS, NATURAL RESOURCES, DISASTER, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, CAPACITY BUILDING, HEALTH SERVICES, MARKET SHARES, TRUST FUNDS, ECONOMIC RESEARCH, TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS, EXPENDITURE, ADVISORY SERVICES, public expenditure

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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