© 2011 Dr. Yadav Prasad Kandel ; Accurate estimation of aboveground tree biomass is a fundamental aspect of studies on carbon stocks of forest ecosystems. Destructive sampling is the most accurate method of estimation of biomass. However, because of its destructive nature and being both labor intensive and time consuming, destructive sampling cannot be applied for large areas. Alternatively, allometric equations developed for a particular species of trees or a general allometric equation for a specific type of forest can be used to estimate aboveground biomass for larger areas. This requires massive fieldwork, which itself is problematic, and it is not always possible to carry out field inventory in forests which are remote and inaccessible. Advanced remote sensing technology is now in the process of being established as the best and most practical alternative of the field-based methods of biomass estimation for large areas and is being used in the study of forests at the regional and national levels of a growing number of countries. Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) is a relatively new, active, remote sensing technology, which is capable of providing three-dimensional structural information of forests and, therefore, can be used to estimate various structural and biophysical parameters of forest stands more accurately than by other optical and RADAR-based remote sensing technologies. The development of hardware and software for the LiDAR system has rapidly advanced during the last decade and has matured to a degree that it is now possible to analyze LiDAR points, which are from individual tree crowns. As a result, LiDAR has now been used as an operational tool in European and North American forestry. In Australia, the use of LiDAR is still in an initial, research phase and there are only a few studies that have investigated its applicability in the broadleaf evergreen forests that dominate the forested lands of Australia. The main focus of this study was the LiDAR-estimation of aboveground tree biomass in two ...