Ecuador has been, and will continue to be for a while, an oil-based economy. Since the discovery, and afterwards extraction of the oil in the Ecuadorian territory, the country has depended economically of the exploitation and the exports of these non-renewable good. However, the country had taken impressive measures to change its dependence of fossil fuels and nowadays is trying to exploit renewable resources. In this chapter, the policies and strategies implemented by the government are analysed.