The cane sugar is important since the early days in the history of the country, following the discovery of Brazil since the colonial period, therefore, the culture has an important role in the Brazilian economy, being one of the main products. In the 1970s with the advent of the economic crisis, geopolitical and the possibility of depletion of oil, countries dependent on imported fuel, sought new energy alternatives. In Brazil, it was decreed in 1975 the creation of the National Alcohol Program - PROALCOOL, who had several years of rising, the increase of distilleries and marketing of cars powered with ethanol blend. Due to the decrease in the price of oil the importance of the program significantly reduced, returning to peak only in 1979, ie, the second phase of the program. Conceived as one of the vectors of the national response to the crisis in oil prices '70s, the program persisted at times rising in others not reaching for more than three decades. Brazil is the second largest ethanol producer, second only to the U.S., where the raw material comes from corn, which becomes a bottleneck biodiesel production because it competes with food production. New technologies developed to increase ethanol production combined with sustainability and economic viability are being held, the principal is the second generation ethanol, known as cellulosic ethanol, ethanol plus third and fourth generation. ; A cana-de-açúcar tem importância desde os primórdios na história do país, acompanhando o descobrimento do Brasil desde o período colonial, portanto, a cultura tem papel importante na economia brasileira, sendo um dos principais produtos comercializados. Na década de 1970 com o advento da crise econômica, geopolítica e da possibilidade de esgotamento de petróleo, os países dependente da importação de combustível, buscaram novas alternativas energéticas. No Brasil, decretou-se em 1975 a criação do Programa Nacional do Álcool - PROALCOOL, que teve alguns anos de ascensão, pelo aumento de destilarias e comercialização de ...