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Validação de uma nova topologia de carregador de baterias para um veículo elétrico para operação no contexto de smart grids

Authors: Leite, Rafael Filipe de Sousa;

Validação de uma nova topologia de carregador de baterias para um veículo elétrico para operação no contexto de smart grids

Abstract

Nas últimas décadas, o crescimento económico-social teve um impacto significativo no consumo dos recursos naturais não renováveis, tanto no setor de transporte como no setor de energia. Este consumo, que continua a aumentar, representa uma advertência, tanto para as populações como para o planeta, principalmente, devido às alterações climáticas derivadas do aquecimento global. A resolução deste problema passa pela descarbonização do setor energético e pela eficiente utilização da energia elétrica. Como primeiro passo, um forte investimento na mobilidade elétrica, em concreto em veículos elétricos (VEs), visando alcançar uma maior competitividade a nível de preço, autonomia e tempo de carregamento é um bom ponto de partida. Todavia, o padrão da rede elétrica atual não está dimensionado para a proliferação dos VEs devido aos problemas que os carregamentos das baterias poderão acarretar ao nível da qualidade de energia elétrica. A integração dinâmica dos sistemas de armazenamento presentes no VE com as smart grids ainda está em fase de investigação e desenvolvimento. Neste sentido, esta dissertação apresenta a validação de uma nova topologia de carregador de baterias on-board para um VE que permite diversos modos de operação no contexto de smart grids. Assim, para além do modo de operação tradicional e comercial, designado por grid-to-vehicle (G2V), que tem como única função o carregamento das baterias do VE, esta dissertação apresenta uma nova topologia de carregador que permite desempenhar modos de operação no contexto de smart grids e smart homes, nomeadamente, vehicle-to-grid (V2G), home-to-vehicle (H2V), vehicle-to-home (V2H) e vehicle-for-grid (V4G). Com a finalidade de analisar as propostas apresentadas nesta dissertação, inicialmente foi efetuada uma contextualização histórica do VE e foram identificados os principais problemas associados. Posteriormente, foi efetuado um estudo dos principais conceitos teóricos dos conversores que podem ser empregues em sistemas de carregamento e, com recurso ao software PSIM, realizaram-se simulações computacionais da nova topologia do conversor com as respetivas teorias de controlo que validam os modelos implementados. Por fim, foram obtidos resultados experimentais nos diversos modos de operação do protótipo desenvolvido.

Over the recent decades, economic-social growth has had a significant impact on the consumption of non-renewable natural resources, both in the transport and energy sector. This consumption, which continues to increase, is an advertence to the people and to the planet, mainly, due to the climatic consequences of global warming. A contribution to solving this problem involves the decarbonization of the energy sector and the efficient use of energy. As a first step, a significant investment in electric mobility, specifically in electric vehicles (EVs), is welcome to the transport sector, aiming to achieve greater competitiveness, price level, autonomy and loading time. However, the actual power grids were not designed for the proliferation of EVs, where the uncontrolled charging process can aggravate power quality problems of the grid. The dynamic integration of the EV energy storage systems into the smart grids is a relevant topic of research and development. Therefore, this dissertation presents the development of a new topology of an onboard EV battery charger, allowing several operation modes in the context of smart grids. Thus, in addition to the traditional and commercial mode of operation, identified as grid-to-vehicle (G2V), where the main purpose is the EV battery charging process, this dissertation presents some innovative operation modes in the context of smart grids and smart homes, such as, vehicle-to-grid (V2G), home-to-vehicle (H2V), vehicle-to-home (V2H) and vehicle-for-grid (V4G). Aiming to analyses the proposals presented in this dissertation, initially, a historical contextualization about the EV and the main associated problems were identified. Afterwards, a study of the main theoretical concepts of the converters that can be used as EV battery chargers was carried out using the PSIM software. Computational simulations of the new topology of the converter, with the respective control theories, were obtained, validating the implemented models. Finally, an experimental validation was accomplished considering the new topology operating in the different modes.

Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) - Pelo suporte financeiro concedido através do Projeto 0302836 NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-030283 e ERDF–COMPETE 2020 Programme, SAICTPAC/0004/2015–POCI–01–0145–FEDER–016434

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica Industrial e Computadores

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Vehicle-to-home (V2H), Vehicle-to-grid (V2G), Electric vehicles, Qualidade de energia elétrica, Power quality, Power electronics, Home-to-vehicle (H2V), Smart grids, Grid-to-vehicle (G2V), Veículo elétrico, Eletrónica de potência, Vehicle-for-grid (V4G), Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Related to Research communities
Energy Research