Abstract This paper analyzes wood use for space heating in the 100 Hood River Conservation Project (HRCP) participant homes that were submetered for electricity use, indoor temperature, and wood heat output. Analyses of survey data indicate that wood users live in larger homes and have larger families and higher incomes. Analysis of household reports of wood use and submetered wood use data indicates that the former are unreliable. HRCP energy conservation investments saved much more energy associated with wood than electricity in wood-using homes. Investments in wood-using homes were relatively the most cost-efficient at saving energy, but least cost-efficient at saving electricity. Future research on residential wood use should focus on collecting wood-use data which are more reliable than survey data but less expensive than submetering, developing techniques to adjust billing history data to better reflect wood use, and evaluating the benefits and costs of weatherizing wood-using homes.