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Hypnosis regulation in propofol anaesthesia employing super‐twisting sliding mode control to compensate variability dynamics

Authors: Muhammad Ilyas; Jamshed Iqbal; Sayyar Ahmad; Ali Arshad Uppal; Waqas Ahmad Imtiaz; Raja Ali Riaz;

Hypnosis regulation in propofol anaesthesia employing super‐twisting sliding mode control to compensate variability dynamics

Abstract

Regulation of hypnosis level on bi‐spectral index monitor (BIS) during a surgical procedure in propofol anaesthesia administration is a challenging task for an anaesthesiologist in multi‐tasking environment of the operation theater. Automation in anaesthesia has the potential to solve issues arising from manual administration. Automation in anaesthesia is based on developing the three‐compartmental model including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic of the silico patients. This study focuses on regulation of the hypnosis level in the presence of surgical stimulus including skin incision, surgical diathermy and laryngoscopy as well as inter‐patient variability by designing super‐twisting sliding mode control (STSMC). The depth of the hypnosis level is maintained to 50 on the BIS level in the maintenance phase after improving the induction phase to 60 s using the conventional sliding mode control and 30 s with STSMC. The proposed scheme also compensates the inter‐patient variability dynamics including height, age and weight of the different silico patients. Moreover, the surgical stimuli direct the hypnosis level towards the state of consciousness and stimulate the controller to provide continuous drug infusion during the interval 80–90 s. Simulation results witness that the oscillatory behaviour is observed in drug infusion to ensure the moderate level of hypnosis (40–60) for general surgery.

Country
United Kingdom
Keywords

Adult, Male, Perturbation techniques, Surgical procedure, Hypnosis regulation, Time 80.0 s to 90.0 s, BIS level, 610, Models, Biological, Hypnosis level, 617, Humans, Pharmacokinetics, Anesthesia, Multitasking environment, Propofol, Surgical diathermy, Patient monitoring, Laryngoscopy, Moderate level, Skin incision, Bi-spectral index monitor, Manual administration, Patient treatment, Drugs, Surgical stimulus, Propofol anaesthesia administration, Silico patients, Specialist Research - Other, Three-compartmental model, Drug delivery systems, Medical control systems, Interpatient variability dynamics, Surgical stimuli direct, Time 60.0 s, Surgery, Female, Variable structure systems, Propofol anaest, Time 30.0 s, Hypnosis, Research Article

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    12
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
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    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
12
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green
gold