• Energy Research
• DE close
• IT close
• PL close
• AT close
• Transport Research close

The effects of climate change (CC) on contaminants and their potential consequences to marine ecosystem services and human wellbeing are of paramount importance, as they pose overlapping risks. Here, we discuss how the interaction between CC and contaminants leads to poorly constrained impacts that affects the sensitivity of organisms to contamination leading to impaired ecosystem function, services and risk assessment evaluations. Climate drivers, such as ocean warming, ocean deoxygenation, changes in circulation, ocean acidification, and extreme events interact with trace metals, organic pollutants, excess nutrients, and radionuclides in a complex manner. Overall, the holistic consideration of the pollutants-climate change nexus has significant knowledge gaps, but will be important in understanding the fate, transport, speciation, bioavailability, toxicity, and inventories of contaminants. Greater focus on these uncertainties would facilitate improved predictions of future changes in the global biogeochemical cycling of contaminants and both human health and marine ecosystems.

As a critical indictor in the Battery Management System (BMS), State of Charge (SOC) is closely related to the reliable and safe operation of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Model-based methods are an effective solution for accurate and robust SOC estimation, the performance of which heavily relies on the battery model. This paper mainly focuses on battery modeling methods, which have the potential to be used in a model-based SOC estimation structure. Battery modeling methods are classified into four categories on the basis of their theoretical foundations, and their expressions and features are detailed. Furthermore, the four battery modeling methods are compared in terms of their pros and cons. Future research directions are also presented. In addition, after optimizing the parameters of the battery models by a Genetic Algorithm (GA), four typical battery models including a combined model, two RC Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM), a Single Particle Model (SPM), and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) battery model are compared in terms of their accuracy and execution time.

In accordance with the policies of European Union countries, including Poland, users of combustion vehicles are and will be encouraged in the coming years to purchase BEVs (battery electric vehicles) through various restrictions, burdens, and incentives. In this context, it is important to choose a BEV that meets consumer needs. The practical aim of the article was to analyse BEVs used in households and to select a car with the highest utility for such a household located in a specific city in Poland. The scientific goal was to analyse the impact of subjective criteria and the imprecision of judgements on the results of the multi-criteria assessment of BEVs. The research used the PVM-VSI (Preference Vector Method—Vector Space of Increments) method, which allows for examining the impact of subjective criteria on the assessment results. Moreover, by examining the deviations of the assessments, the PVM-VSI method also allows for measuring the imprecision of subjective judgements. The study showed that including subjective criteria in the decision-making model may have a decisive impact on the obtained ranking of alternatives. In the study using objective and subjective criteria, Nissan Ariya ranked first. However, in the ranking based solely on objective criteria, Kia Niro EV won, and the winner of the first ranking took the last place. In the study, the imprecision of judgements did not have a significant impact on the order of vehicles in the ranking. Based on utilities and standard deviations, it was found that only if the decision-maker was prone to gambling would there be a slight switch between alternatives.

The effects of the climate change employ a strong impact on the city and on the inhabitants, in fact the risk appears to be particularly clear in the metropolis. The urban setting fulfils a leading role in the consequences on the climate situation and the cities turn out to be the mainly responsible for the emissions of pollutants. In this situation the urban regeneration, as an opportunity to operate on the city’s “wounds” through an accurate plan, tries to improve the reactions of the urban territory even in terms of environmental sustainability. Becomes particularly important summarising the different kinds of knowledge of the various disciplines to assure the management of complex processes, like those of the transforming city that need a new way to intervene in the urban project. The urban regeneration is a “multidisciplinary container” that can efficaciously face the needs of the territory, a way to obtain the urban quality. The Italian metropolis manifest the will to align to the international expectations through the implementation of targeted urban regeneration built-in programs. The Reinventing Cities projects present solutions attributable to those typological features necessary by now in the sustainable urban regeneration projects, showing vision of a renewed architectural projects.

AbstractClimate change and deoxygenation are affecting fish stocks on a global scale, but disentangling the impacts of these stressors from the effects of overfishing is a challenge. This study was conducted to distinguish between climate change and mismanagement as possible causes for the drastic decline in spawning stock size and reproductive success in cod (Gadus morhua) and herring (Clupea harengus) in the Western Baltic Sea, when compared with the good or satisfactory status and reproductive success of the other commercial species in the area. Available data on water temperature, wind speed, and plankton bloom during the spawning season did not reveal conclusive correlations between years with good and bad reproductive success of cod or herring. Notably, the other commercial species in the area have very similar life history traits suggesting similar resilience against stress caused by climate change or fishing. The study concludes that severe, sustained overfishing plus inappropriate size selectivity of the main fishing gears have caused the decline in spawning stock biomass of cod and herring to levels that are known to have a high probability of impaired reproductive success. It is pointed out that allowed catches were regulated by management and adhered to by the fishers, meaning that unregulated fishing did not occur. Thus, mismanagement (quotas that were too high and gears that selected too small sizes) and not climate change appears to be the primary cause of the bad status of cod and herring in the Western Baltic Sea.

In this reply to a comment on our paper , we first of all would like to thank the author of the comment for accentuating an important topic in the realm of the diffusion of electric vehicles (EVs), i.e., the impact of a transition from internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) to EVs on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. We are confident that a discussion about the requirements and the consequences of such transition is an important one, which is why we welcome the comments on our paper.

This paper is focused on the design criteria of the power conversion systems operating within ultra-fast charging stations for electric vehicles. The proposed architecture is based on a DC bus, which features the integration of renewable energy sources and buffered storage systems, performing the new concept of smart grid system. Simulations of the power converters and storage systems, working as power devices of recharging station architecture, are implemented in the Matlab-Simulink environment with models of each subcomponent provided by the Sim-Power-System tool. The reported simulations are mainly devoted to verify the design criteria of the architecture scheme and the control strategies of the power fluxes related to power converters. The advantages and convenience in terms of power quality and requirementsfrom the main grid are shown, also during the EV fastcharging operations. Finally, the resulted recharging times are evaluated as comparable to the fuelling times generally taken by traditional oil based vehicles.

Abstract The publication presents the results of a scientific work aimed at determining the importance of production processes in different phases of the ship manufacturing system on the effectiveness of means of transport during its through-life. Ship manufacturing is a personalized custom production. Therefore, the future shipowner can precisely planning the technical systems necessary for its future operation. The ship, in the process of production, is prepared for the assumed life cycle, including conditions of its operation and engineering service. Individual approach to ship design and manufactures allows the linking of production processes with the future technical processes of ship servicing and creating the management system including production and using of the means of transport. The issues described in the publication are corresponding to the topic of manufacturing, TES and manufacturing systems.