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Recently, different techniques have been applied to detect, predict, and reduce traffic congestion to improve the quality of transportation system services. Deep learning (DL) is becoming increasingly valuable for solving critiques. DL applications in transportation have been collected in several recently published surveys over the last few years. The existing research has discussed the cloud environment, which does not provide timely traffic forecasts, which is the cause of frequent traffic accidents. Thus, a solid understanding of the difficulties in predicting congestion is required because the transportation system varies widely between non-congested and congested states. This research develops a bi-directional recurrent neural network (BRNN) using Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) to extract and classify traffic into congested and non-congested. This research uses a bidirectional recurrent neural network to simulate and forecast traffic congestion in smart cities (BRNN). Urban regions worldwide struggle with traffic congestion, and conventional traffic control techniques have failed miserably. This research suggests a data-driven approach employing BRNN for traffic management in smart cities, which uses real-time data from sensors and linked devices to control traffic more efficiently. The primary measures include predicting traffic metrics such as speed, weather, current, and accident probability. Congestion prediction performance has also been improved by extracting more features such as traffic, road, and weather conditions. The proposed model achieved better measures than the existing state-of-the-art methods. This research also explores an overview and analysis of several early initiatives that have shown promising results; moreover, it explores two potential future research approaches to increase the accuracy and efficiency of large-scale motion prediction.

Non-technical summaryWe summarize some of the past year's most important findings within climate change-related research. New research has improved our understanding about the remaining options to achieve the Paris Agreement goals, through overcoming political barriers to carbon pricing, taking into account non-CO2factors, a well-designed implementation of demand-side and nature-based solutions, resilience building of ecosystems and the recognition that climate change mitigation costs can be justified by benefits to the health of humans and nature alone. We consider new insights about what to expect if we fail to include a new dimension of fire extremes and the prospect of cascading climate tipping elements.Technical summaryA synthesis is made of 10 topics within climate research, where there have been significant advances since January 2020. The insights are based on input from an international open call with broad disciplinary scope. Findings include: (1) the options to still keep global warming below 1.5 °C; (2) the impact of non-CO2factors in global warming; (3) a new dimension of fire extremes forced by climate change; (4) the increasing pressure on interconnected climate tipping elements; (5) the dimensions of climate justice; (6) political challenges impeding the effectiveness of carbon pricing; (7) demand-side solutions as vehicles of climate mitigation; (8) the potentials and caveats of nature-based solutions; (9) how building resilience of marine ecosystems is possible; and (10) that the costs of climate change mitigation policies can be more than justified by the benefits to the health of humans and nature.Social media summaryHow do we limit global warming to 1.5 °C and why is it crucial? See highlights of latest climate science.

In this work, a novel multi-port bidirectional converter is proposed for energy storage in electric vehicles (EV). The proposed converter has the ability to work in both bidirectional step-up (boost) and step-down (buck) modes. There are three ports in the proposed structure that the energy can flow between them. The main features of the proposed converter are the low components count, the low peak voltage of the main switches and low losses. Moreover, only two power switches are utilized in the proposed converter, which makes it easy to transfer the power between the sources. The suggested converter can be worked in energy storage system (ESS) due to the ability of step-up and step-down operation principles. Thus, it can charge and discharge the ESS with high voltage conversion ratio. Besides, the low number of components is utilized in the suggested converter to provide a bi-directional feature that leads to a reduction in the overall cost of the system. In order to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed converter, a technical survey, mathematical calculation, and a comparison study with other existing structures have been introduced in this paper. Finally, to validate the performance of the proposed converter, a laboratory prototype is implemented with a 150 W output power rate at 50 kHz switching frequency 20 V and 12 V input voltages, efficiency about 94.11% in step-up mode and 94.46% in step-down mode.

Résumé Le fret aérien reste vital dans les activités économiques pour transporter des marchandises d'un endroit à un autre. Les pays développés et en développement considèrent principalement les itinéraires de transaction pour le transport aérien comme le mode le plus sûr et le plus rapide. L'économie chinoise attire le monde entier grâce à ses exportations. Le système de fret aérien du pays dépend principalement de l'essence et des carburants à base de pétrole, ce qui nuit au programme de transport vert du pays. La forte utilisation de la combustion de carburant dans le secteur de l'aviation nécessitait des investissements nouveaux qui aident à utiliser l'énergie verte comme carburant alternatif durable. En outre, une assurance aviation durable et une couverture financière sont nécessaires pour atténuer les externalités négatives des opérations de fret aérien. Sur la base des faits cruciaux, l'étude a utilisé les opérations de fret aérien, la combustion des carburants de transport, les investissements privés dans le transport et la couverture d'assurance dans la fonction de dommages dus à la pollution pour l'économie chinoise en utilisant des données de 1975 à 2020. La recherche a utilisé une stratégie de test des limites ARDL non linéaire pour décomposer la séquence de variables en multiplicateurs dynamiques positifs et négatifs. Il a été démontré que les chocs positifs dans le fret aérien, les services d'assurance et les investissements nouveaux réduisent les émissions de carbone immédiatement et à long terme. À court terme, les dommages liés au carbone sont exacerbés par les chocs négatifs résultant de l'utilisation de carburant pour le transport et de la disponibilité d'une assurance. De plus, les chocs positifs et négatifs associés à la combustion des carburants de transport et au fret aérien contribuent à une augmentation des dommages causés par le carbone. L'analyse de décomposition de la variance a validé les corrélations asymétriques entre les variables susmentionnées dans l'environnement intertemporel. Sur la base des résultats, les chocs négatifs dus à la combustion totale de carburant devraient imposer les plus grands dommages au carbone au cours de la prochaine décennie, suivis des services d'assurance et des opérations de fret aérien. L'étude conclut que les opérations de fret aérien doivent être des routes de transaction durables alimentées par des sources d'énergie biocarburant, des investissements nouveaux et une couverture d'assurance aviation durable pour atteindre le programme de transport « vert et propre ». Resumen La carga aérea sigue siendo vital en las actividades económicas para transportar mercancías de un lugar a otro. Los países desarrollados y en desarrollo consideran principalmente las rutas de transacción para el transporte aéreo como el modo más seguro y rápido. La economía china está atrayendo al mundo global a través de sus exportaciones. El sistema de carga aérea del país depende principalmente de la gasolina y los combustibles derivados del petróleo, lo que perjudica la agenda de transporte verde del país. El alto uso de quemas de combustible en el sector de la aviación requería una inversión totalmente nueva que ayudara a utilizar la energía verde como combustible sostenible alternativo. Además, se necesitan seguros de aviación sostenibles y cobertura financiera para mitigar las externalidades negativas adversas de las operaciones de carga aérea. Con base en los hechos cruciales, el estudio utilizó operaciones de carga aérea, quemas de combustible de transporte, inversión privada en el transporte y cobertura de seguros en la función de daños por contaminación para la economía de China utilizando datos de 1975 a 2020. La investigación empleó una estrategia de prueba de límites ARDL no lineal para desglosar la secuencia de variables en multiplicadores dinámicos positivos y negativos. Se ha demostrado que los choques positivos en el transporte aéreo, los servicios de seguros y la inversión en nuevas instalaciones reducen las emisiones de carbono de inmediato y a largo plazo. A corto plazo, los daños por carbono se ven exacerbados por los choques negativos resultantes del uso de combustible para el transporte y la disponibilidad de seguros. Además, tanto los choques positivos como los negativos asociados con las quemas de combustible para el transporte y los fletes de transporte aéreo contribuyen a un aumento en el daño por carbono. El análisis de descomposición de varianza validó las correlaciones asimétricas entre las variables antes mencionadas en el entorno intertemporal. Según los hallazgos, se espera que los choques negativos de las quemas totales de combustible impongan los mayores daños de carbono durante la próxima década, seguidos por los servicios de seguros y las operaciones de transporte aéreo. El estudio concluye que las operaciones de carga aérea deben ser rutas de transacción sostenibles alimentadas por fuentes de energía de biocombustibles, inversión en nuevas instalaciones y cobertura de seguro de aviación sostenible para lograr la agenda de transporte "verde es limpio". Abstract Aviation cargo remains vital in the economic activities to transported goods from one place to another. The developed and developing countries mainly consider the transaction routes for air transportation for safe and quickest mode. Chinese economy is attracting the global World through its exports. The country's air cargo system is mainly reliant on gasoline and petroleum-based fuels, which harms the country's green transportation agenda. The high use of fuel combustions in the aviation sector needed greenfield investment that helps to use green energy as an alternative sustainable fuel. Further, sustainable aviation insurance and financial coverage are needed to mitigate the adverse negative externalities from air cargo operations. Based on the crucial facts, the study used air cargo operations, transportation fuel combustions, private investment in the transportation and insurance coverage in the pollution damage function for the China economy using data from 1975 to 2020. The research employed a non-linear ARDL Bounds testing strategy to break down the sequence of variables into dynamic positive and negative multipliers. Positive shocks in air freight, insurance services, and greenfield investment have been shown to reduce carbon emissions immediately and over the long term. In the short term, carbon damages are exacerbated by the negative shocks resulting from the use of transportation fuel and the availability of insurance. Moreover, both the positive and negative shocks associated with transportation fuel combustions and air transportation freights contribute to a rise in carbon damage. The variance decomposition analysis validated the asymmetric correlations between the aforementioned variables in the intertemporal environment. Based on the findings, negative shocks from total fuel combustions are expected to impose the greatest carbon damages over the next decade, followed by insurance services and air freight operations. The study concludes that air cargo operations need to be sustainable transacting routes fueled by biofuel energy sources, greenfield investment, and sustainable aviation insurance coverage to achieve the 'green is clean' transportation agenda. الملخص تظل شحنات الطيران حيوية في الأنشطة الاقتصادية لنقل البضائع من مكان إلى آخر. تنظر البلدان المتقدمة والنامية بشكل أساسي في طرق المعاملات للنقل الجوي من أجل وضع آمن وأسرع. يجذب الاقتصاد الصيني العالم العالمي من خلال صادراته. يعتمد نظام الشحن الجوي في البلاد بشكل أساسي على البنزين والوقود القائم على النفط، مما يضر بجدول أعمال النقل الأخضر في البلاد. احتاج الاستخدام المرتفع لاحتراق الوقود في قطاع الطيران إلى استثمارات جديدة تساعد على استخدام الطاقة الخضراء كوقود بديل مستدام. علاوة على ذلك، هناك حاجة إلى تأمين طيران مستدام وتغطية مالية للتخفيف من الآثار الخارجية السلبية السلبية لعمليات الشحن الجوي. استنادًا إلى الحقائق الحاسمة، استخدمت الدراسة عمليات الشحن الجوي، واحتراق وقود النقل، والاستثمار الخاص في النقل والتغطية التأمينية في وظيفة أضرار التلوث للاقتصاد الصيني باستخدام البيانات من 1975 إلى 2020. استخدم البحث استراتيجية اختبار حدود ARDL غير الخطية لتقسيم تسلسل المتغيرات إلى مضاعفات إيجابية وسلبية ديناميكية. وقد ثبت أن الصدمات الإيجابية في الشحن الجوي وخدمات التأمين والاستثمار في المجالات الجديدة تقلل من انبعاثات الكربون على الفور وعلى المدى الطويل. على المدى القصير، تتفاقم أضرار الكربون بسبب الصدمات السلبية الناتجة عن استخدام وقود النقل وتوافر التأمين. علاوة على ذلك، تساهم كل من الصدمات الإيجابية والسلبية المرتبطة باحتراق وقود النقل وشحنات النقل الجوي في ارتفاع أضرار الكربون. تحقق تحليل تحليل التباين من صحة الارتباطات غير المتماثلة بين المتغيرات المذكورة أعلاه في البيئة الزمنية. بناءً على النتائج، من المتوقع أن تفرض الصدمات السلبية الناجمة عن إجمالي احتراق الوقود أكبر أضرار الكربون على مدى العقد المقبل، تليها خدمات التأمين وعمليات الشحن الجوي. وخلصت الدراسة إلى أن عمليات الشحن الجوي يجب أن تكون طرق معاملات مستدامة تغذيها مصادر طاقة الوقود الحيوي، والاستثمار في المجالات الجديدة، وتغطية تأمين الطيران المستدامة لتحقيق أجندة النقل "الأخضر نظيف".

Nowadays the utilization of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has greatly increased. They are attaining greater attention due to their impacts on the grid at the distribution level. However, due to the increased need for electricity, EVs are also used to serve the load in the instance of electrical failure in the distribution systems. This paper presents a new approach to a service restoration method for a low-voltage distribution network at the time of a power outage using existing EVs available in a parking place. The objective function formulated here was a constrained linear optimization model. It aimed to develop priority-based scheduling of the residential user appliances while meeting all the operational constraints if the EV’s power was in a deficit at the hour of the outage. Weight factors were assigned to various residential appliances to decide their priority while scheduling. To substantiate the proposed methodology, a day load profile of a 20 kVA distribution transformer feeding eight residential users is considered. This was tested during an hour-long power outage scenario in the MATLAB and LINGO platforms, with four EVs available during the outage period. This method restored the maximum power to the residential appliances.