• Energy Research
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Purpose. In modern conditions of energy consumption growth and a rapid increase in energy prices the actual problem is the development and implementation of energy efficiency programs and resource-saving conversion in to a source to provide the needs of industry and municipal power. The paper aims to solve the urgent problem of energy saving and efficient use of fuel-energy ones and heat supply system optimization on the basis of Uman National University of Horticulture (UNUH). Methodology. The work investigated the process of heating and hot water supply in the course of 2007-2015 years. Implementation of current problems of energy saving is grounded on the scientific-practical and efficient assurance of fuel and energy usage. At the same time energy-saving technologies are viewed as a priority direction of the energy sector development, reduction of man-induced impact on the environment and as a way of improving the competitiveness of the national economy. Findings. Statistical data acquisition and analyzing of gas flow and outside air temperature for nine years was carried out. On the basis of this analysis, the problem was identified and specific targets for its solutions were set. Originality. Scientific novelty lies in solving the problem of energy saving and efficient use of fuel resources in Ukraine through the use of a systematic approach, the methodology development of efficient use of different fuels and optimization of local heating operation, applying contemporary automation and control systems. Firstly it was in detail analyzed and conducted the comprehensive assessment of various factors influence on energy conservation. It takes into account the human factor, professionalism and responsibility of the operators of boilers and their superiors, as well as the relevant control services. Practical value. For UNUH campus hybrid use of solid fuel and gas boilers was carried out. Decentralization of the university heating system has been conducted through the restoration of 350 individual heating systems in residential buildings, remote departments and campus dormitories. The conclusions propose the list of activities upon the real economy of fuel and energy resources, and measures to overcome the economic and political crisis in the country.

Medium and heavy-duty battery electric trucks (BETs) may play a key role in mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from road freight transport. However, technological challenges such as limited range and cargo carrying capacity as well as the required charging time need to be efficiently addressed before the large-scale adoption of BETs. In this study, we apply a geospatial data analysis approach by using a battery electric vehicle potential (BEVPO) model with the datasets of road freight transport surveys for analyzing the potential of large-scale BET adoption in Finland and Switzerland for trucks with gross vehicle weight (GVW) of over 3.5 t. Our results show that trucks with payload capacities up to 30 t have the most potential for electrification by relying on the currently available battery and plug-in charging technology, with 93% (55% tkm) and 89% (84% tkm) trip coverage in Finland and Switzerland, respectively. Electric road systems (ERSs) would be essential for covering 51% trips (41% tkm) of heavy-duty trucks heavier than 30 t in Finland. Furthermore, range-extender technology could improve the trip electrification potential by 3–10 percentage points (4–12 percentage points of tkm).

The paper represents the analysis, which has helped to establish the usage of gas hydrate technologies in the methane conversion. This gas could be obtained in different ways. Possibilities and sources for the gas obtaining have been demonstrated. Use of other environmentally friendly sources to support operation in such systems in terms of joint energy complex has been considered. The necessary kinetic connections to provide operational sustainability of all the constituents have been given. The approach helps evaluate quantitatively the priority of its physicochemical transformations to obtain gas hydrates artificially. It is possible to transport methane at considerable distances when it is solidified. Actually, in this case there is no necessity to build costly compressor stations and pipelines for its transportation to consumers. The approach is extremely important for mining regions as it helps prolong the operating period and working out of the abandoned and off-balance coal reserves. In this case, it is proposed to apply special gasification technologies tending to maximum methane recovery. The proposed solutions give the possibility to define the trends of our further research. They will be highlighted in the following authors’ studies.

In the context of nature protection, there is an effort to regulate individual car traffic in protected areas. In the framework of the research, a pilot testing of a vehicle detection and identification system in the Krkonoše National Park was carried out using two selected technologies (license plate recognition and Bluetooth token detection). The research was carried out under conditions of poorer availability of mobile signal for transmission of measured data, lack of electrical power supply, and in challenging climatic conditions in the mountains. The main objective was to verify the applicability and limits of the mentioned technologies under these difficult conditions. For this purpose, two test sites were built: a fixed and a mobile point. Testing at both points was carried out using two basic methods, namely online through continuous data collection from the detectors and on-site through a local survey during the summer of 2022. The parameters evaluated were the reliability of the vehicle identification itself and the reliability of the operation of the individual detection subsystems and the tested system as a whole. The results show that the license plate recognition system using two cameras for the checkpoint shows a high recognition reliability, but it is reduced for some types of vehicles (especially motorcycles and four-wheelers). At the same time, this technology is demanding on energy resources. Detection using a Bluetooth scanner has proven to be highly reliable up to 50 km/h. A reliable power supply is necessary to achieve high reliability, which was a problem at the mobile point. Evaluation of images from cameras with motion detection showed the limits of this technology, which increased with increasing vehicle speed. The system can be used to detect traffic in protected areas, taking into account the limits specified in this article.

The transition from internal combustion engines to electric vehicles (EVs) has received significant attention and investment due to its potential in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The integration of EVs into electric and transport systems presents both benefits and challenges in energy management. The scheduling of EV charging can alleviate congestion in the electric system and reduce waiting times for EV owners. The use of renewable energy sources (RESs) for EV charging and supporting the grid can help mitigate the uncertainty of these energy resources. Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology can be used as an alternative approach in the event of sudden high consumption of the grid. Additionally, cost minimization through large-scale coordinated planning is crucial for the future of e-mobility systems. This review paper focuses on the latest trends considering the various approaches and features in coordinated EV scheduling, as well as the influence of different stakeholders, categorized as single- and multiple-charging stations (CS) and aggregator levels. By implementing coordinated EV scheduling, various methods are presented to better manage the needs and satisfaction of EV owners as well as the profit of CS and the market trends of e-mobility systems. In this regard, EV charging strategies considering V2G, uncertainty evaluation of parameters, coordinated charging management, congestion of CSs and electrical lines, route mapping, and technical and economic aspects of the system hierarchy, including consumers, CSs and aggregators, are reviewed and discussed.

This paper discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on air pollution. Many urban inhabitants were confined to their homes during the lockdown. This had an impact air pollution, due to a reduction the number of vehicles being operated in cities. People also limited the number of visits to shopping centers; additionally, sports venues were closed and cultural events cancelled. The COVID-19 pandemic therefore had a positive impact on air pollution. Several studies from around the world confirm this. The research presented here is based on hourly measurements of PM10 and NO2 concentrations measured in background ambient air at a specific intersection located in Uherske Hradiste, Czech Republic. The aim of the paper is to confirm or exclude the hypothesis that the measured concentrations of PM10 and NO2 pollutants were lower during 2020 than in 2019, when states of emergency related to the COVID-19 pandemic were declared. The data were aggregated into monthly subsets and statistically analyzed. The data was graphically visualized and evaluated by means of exploratory data analysis. To compare the pollution levels in individual months, a parametric statistical analysis (two-sample t-test) was used. A statistically significant reduction was observed in the measured concentrations in 2020 compared to 2019 during periods when states of emergency were declared.

Problem. The tendency to reduce the working volume of internal combustion engines, which has emerged in recent years in the global automotive industry, is due to the need to improve the environmental situation and energy efficiency of road transport. Goal. The aim of the study is to increase the energy efficiency of vehicles by rationally reducing the maximum effective engine capacity. Methodology. The work uses the method of partial accelerations, implemented in a mobile registration and measurement complex, which allowed the authors to obtain an improved formula for calculating the force of aerodynamic resistance. Experimental studies of car aerodynamics were also carried out. Results. The article presents the results of the authors' research, which made it possible to prove the possibility of reducing the power of the internal combustion engine while maintaining the specified maximum speed and the specified level of indicators of the dynamic properties of cars. Originality. The relationship between the degree of use of the maximum engine power and the relative change in the effective specific fuel consumption of a carburetor gasoline engine with direct injection of gasoline and diesel is determined. Practical value. Calculations performed on the example of the ZAZ-1103 "Slavuta" car showed that a rational reduction in effective power allows for a 9.5% reduction in fuel consumption, and for an engine with direct injection of gasoline and diesel engines, this leads to an increase in fuel consumption by 6.7 % and 20.3%, respectively.

The article explores the problem of changing the worldview of mankind and the transition to the concept of sustainable development, which requires harmonization of the economic, environmental and social component to ensure the life of modern generations without prejudice to future ones. The conditions for the emergence of the concept of sustainable development and the progress of countries in achieving it using the index of achieving sustainable development goals are studied. A significant role in the process of studying the goals of sustainable development is given to ecologization of all life spheres, including the economy. The place of ecologization in the goals and objectives of sustainable development is determined, the interpretation of ecologization and the evolution of this concept are analyzed. The ecologization of economy has passed certain stages in its development and has led to the emergence of a new direction of science and practical activity − the ecological economy, which was formed at the intersection of economics and ecology. The main task of the ecological economy is to reduce the eco-destructive impact on the environment from human economic activity. Ecological economy adheres to the goals and objectives of sustainable development and is an integral part of a sustainable economy, reflecting its environmental aspect. Determination of the country's subsidiaries in ecologization of the economy is carried out using the green economy index, which reflects the degree of ecologization in various fields and has something in common with the index of achieving sustainable development goals. A comparative analysis of the indices of sustainable development and the green economy index, their values for Ukraine. The composition of the ecological (green) economy includes other ecologicallyoriented types of economy, each of which studies a certain direction of ecologization and reducing the eco-destructive impact on the environment. With the development of ecological thinking and a change in the worldview of mankind, the number of environmentally-oriented types of economy will increase as the number of scientific studies on environmental issues increases, which, in turn, will achieve the goals of sustainable development