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Les pays en développement, qui contribuent à 90 % de la production aquacole mondiale, sont considérés comme des points chauds du risque climatique mondial. Cependant, aucune étude ne se concentre sur la mesure de la vulnérabilité de l'aquaculture au niveau régional ou infranational aux aléas climatiques ou aux catastrophes. Cette étude a mesuré le niveau de vulnérabilité de l'aquaculture à la variabilité et au changement climatiques dans les 64 districts du Bangladesh en utilisant une approche d'indice de vulnérabilité composite (utilisant 19 indicateurs climatiques, environnementaux et socio-économiques) et un système d'information géographique (SIG). Les résultats révèlent que l'aquaculture dans 12 districts, à savoir Satkhira, Mymensingh, Panchagarh, Lalmonirhat, Nilphamari, Thakurgaon, Sunamganj, Dinajpur, Kurigram, Noakhali, Lakshmipur et Cox' s Bazar, présente une vulnérabilité très élevée (de la vulnérabilité la plus élevée à la plus faible), qui s'explique par leur niveau d'exposition plus élevé, leur niveau de sensibilité modéré et leur niveau de capacité d'adaptation inférieur à modéré. Parmi ceux-ci, 8 districts appartiennent à l'intérieur des terres et 4 districts aux régions côtières du pays. Trois districts, à savoir Dhaka, Chittagong et Bandarban, ont le plus faible niveau de vulnérabilité de l'aquaculture (dans l'ordre de la vulnérabilité la plus faible à la plus élevée) principalement en raison de la très grande capacité d'adaptation et du niveau modéré ou faible de sensibilité et d'exposition. Cette étude ponctuera la vulnérabilité de l'aquaculture continentale et développera et priorisera les actions visant à réduire les impacts climatiques. Los países en desarrollo, que contribuyen con el 90% de la producción acuícola mundial, se consideran puntos críticos de riesgo climático mundial. Sin embargo, ningún estudio se centra en medir la vulnerabilidad de la acuicultura a nivel distrital o subnacional a los peligros o desastres climáticos. Este estudio ha medido el nivel de vulnerabilidad de la acuicultura a la variabilidad y el cambio climático en los 64 distritos de Bangladesh utilizando un enfoque de índice de vulnerabilidad compuesto (utilizando 19 indicadores climáticos, ambientales y socioeconómicos) y un sistema de información geográfica (SIG). Los resultados revelan que la acuicultura en 12 distritos, a saber, Satkhira, Mymensingh, Panchagarh, Lalmonirhat, Nilphamari, Thakurgaon, Sunamganj, Dinajpur, Kurigram, Noakhali, Lakshmipur y Cox 's Bazar, tiene una vulnerabilidad muy alta (en orden de mayor a menor vulnerabilidad), lo que se explica por su mayor nivel de exposición, nivel moderado de sensibilidad y menor a moderado nivel de capacidad de adaptación. Entre estos, 8 distritos pertenecen al interior y 4 distritos a las regiones costeras del país. Tres distritos, a saber, Dhaka, Chittagong y Bandarban, tienen el nivel más bajo de vulnerabilidad de la acuicultura (en orden de menor a mayor vulnerabilidad) principalmente debido a una capacidad de adaptación muy alta y un nivel moderado o bajo de sensibilidad y exposición. Este estudio puntualizará la vulnerabilidad de la acuicultura continental y desarrollará y priorizará acciones para reducir los impactos climáticos. Developing countries, which contribute 90% of global aquaculture production, are considered global climate risk hotspots. However, no study focuses on measuring district- or sub-national-level aquaculture vulnerability to climatic hazards or disasters. This study has measured the level of aquaculture vulnerability to climate variability and change in all 64 districts of Bangladesh using a composite vulnerability index approach (using 19 climatic, environmental and socio-economic indicators) and geographical information system (GIS). The results reveal that aquaculture in 12 districts namely Satkhira, Mymensingh, Panchagarh, Lalmonirhat, Nilphamari, Thakurgaon, Sunamganj, Dinajpur, Kurigram, Noakhali, Lakshmipur, and Cox's Bazar have very high vulnerability (in order of highest to lowest vulnerability), which are explained by their higher level of exposure, moderate level of sensitivity, and lower to moderate level of adaptive capacity. Among these, 8 districts belong to inland and 4 districts to coastal regions of the country. Three districts, namely Dhaka, Chittagong, and Bandarban, have the lowest level of aquaculture vulnerability (in order of lowest to highest vulnerability) mainly because of very high adaptive capacity and moderate or low level of sensitivity and exposure. This study will punctuate the vulnerability of inland aquaculture and develop and prioritize actions to reduce the climatic impacts. تعتبر البلدان النامية، التي تساهم بنسبة 90 ٪ من الإنتاج العالمي لتربية الأحياء المائية، نقاطًا ساخنة لمخاطر المناخ العالمي. ومع ذلك، لا تركز أي دراسة على قياس مدى تأثر الاستزراع المائي على مستوى المنطقة أو المستوى دون الوطني بالمخاطر أو الكوارث المناخية. قاست هذه الدراسة مستوى ضعف تربية الأحياء المائية أمام تقلب المناخ وتغيره في جميع مقاطعات بنغلاديش البالغ عددها 64 مقاطعة باستخدام نهج مؤشر الضعف المركب (باستخدام 19 مؤشرًا مناخيًا وبيئيًا واجتماعيًا واقتصاديًا) ونظام المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS). تكشف النتائج أن الاستزراع المائي في 12 مقاطعة وهي ساتخيرا وميمنسينغ وبانتشاغاره ولالمونيرات ونيلفاماري وثاكورغاون وسونامغانج وديناجبور وكوريغرام ونواخالي ولاكشميبور وكوكس بازار لديهم ضعف شديد للغاية (بالترتيب من الأعلى إلى الأقل ضعفًا)، وهو ما يفسره ارتفاع مستوى تعرضهم ومستوى حساسيتهم المعتدل ومستوى قدرتهم على التكيف من الأقل إلى المعتدل. من بين هذه المناطق، تنتمي 8 مقاطعات إلى المناطق الداخلية و 4 مقاطعات إلى المناطق الساحلية في البلاد. ثلاث مقاطعات، وهي دكا وشيتاغونغ وباندربان، لديها أدنى مستوى من الضعف في تربية الأحياء المائية (من الأدنى إلى الأعلى ضعفًا) ويرجع ذلك أساسًا إلى القدرة العالية جدًا على التكيف والمستوى المعتدل أو المنخفض من الحساسية والتعرض. ستحدد هذه الدراسة مدى ضعف الاستزراع المائي الداخلي وتطوير الإجراءات وترتيب أولوياتها للحد من الآثار المناخية.

Understanding and responding to the rapidly occurring environmental changes in the Arctic over the past few decades require new approaches in science. This includes improved collaborations within the scientific community but also enhanced dialogue between scientists and societal stakeholders, especially with Arctic communities. As a contribution to the Third International Conference on Arctic Research Planning (ICARPIII), the Arctic in Rapid Transition (ART) network held an international workshop in France, in October 2014, in order to discuss high-priority requirements for future Arctic marine and coastal research from an early-career scientists (ECS) perspective. The discussion encompassed a variety of research fields, including topics of oceanographic conditions, sea-ice monitoring, marine biodiversity, land-ocean interactions, and geological reconstructions, as well as law and governance issues. Participants of the workshop strongly agreed on the need to enhance interdisciplinarity in order to collect comprehensive knowledge about the modern and past Arctic Ocean's geo-ecological dynamics. Such knowledge enables improved predictions of Arctic developments and provides the basis for elaborate decision-making on future actions under plausible environmental and climate scenarios in the high northern latitudes. Priority research sheets resulting from the workshop's discussions were distributed during the ICARPIII meetings in April 2015 in Japan, and are publicly available online.

The threat posed by invasive non-native species worldwide requires a global approach to identify which introduced species are likely to pose an elevated risk of impact to native species and ecosystems. To inform policy, stakeholders and management decisions on global threats to aquatic ecosystems, 195 assessors representing 120 risk assessment areas across all six inhabited continents screened 819 non-native species from 15 groups of aquatic organisms (freshwater, brackish, marine plants and animals) using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit. This multi-lingual decision-support tool for the risk screening of aquatic organisms provides assessors with risk scores for a species under current and future climate change conditions that, following a statistically based calibration, permits the accurate classification of species into high-, medium- and low-risk categories under current and predicted climate conditions. The 1730 screenings undertaken encompassed wide geographical areas (regions, political entities, parts thereof, water bodies, river basins, lake drainage basins, and marine regions), which permitted thresholds to be identified for almost all aquatic organismal groups screened as well as for tropical, temperate and continental climate classes, and for tropical and temperate marine ecoregions. In total, 33 species were identified as posing a 'very high risk' of being or becoming invasive, and the scores of several of these species under current climate increased under future climate conditions, primarily due to their wide thermal tolerances. The risk thresholds determined for taxonomic groups and climate zones provide a basis against which area-specific or climate-based calibrated thresholds may be interpreted. In turn, the risk rankings help decision-makers identify which species require an immediate 'rapid' management action (e.g. eradication, control) to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts, which require a full risk assessment, and which are to be restricted or banned with regard to importation and/or sale as ornamental or aquarium/fishery enhancement.

Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains.