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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    �� ������������ �������������������������� ������������������ �������������������� Al �� Fe �� ������������ �� ������������������������ �������������� ������������������ �� ���������������������� ����������. �������������������� ������������������������ �� ���������������������� ������������������������������, 0,1�� NaOH-����������������������, 1�� KCl-���������������������� �� ������������������������������������ �������� Al �� Fe �� ������������ �������������� ����������������������-������������������ ������������. �������������������� ���������������������� ���������������������������� �������������������� (����) ������ ���������������� ������������ ���������������� ������������. �� ���������������������� ���������������� �������������� �������� �������������������� Al ���� ����������-�������������� �� ������������������ ��������������������������. ������ Fe �������������� �������� ������������������������ �� ������������������ ���� ����������-������������������ �� ����������-�������������� ��������������������. �������������������� Al �� Fe �� ����������������, �� �������������� ���������������� �� ���������� ������������ ���� ������������ ������������ �� ���������������� ������������ ����������. ������������������ ������������������ �������������� Al �� Fe ������������������ ���� ���������������� ������������������ �� ������������������������ ������������. ������������������ ���������� �������������� �� ������������������������ �������� ��������������������-�������������������������� ������������������������ �� ���������������������������������� �� �������������������������� ���������������������� Al �� Fe �� �������������������� ����������������-���������������������� ���������������� ������������������. ������������������ ������������������������ ���������� �������� ������������������������ ������ ���������������������������� ���������������� ������������������������ �� ��������������, �� ���������� ������ ������������ �������������������������� �������������������� �� ������������������������. The article analyzes the biogenic mass exchange of Al and Fe in the soils and vegetation of the Khibiny and Lovozero tundras; it also determines concentrations and ratios of water-soluble, 0.1N NaOH-soluble, 1h KCl-soluble and oxalate-soluble forms of Al and Fe in soils of the main vertical-zonal belts. The study establishes the coefficient of biological absorption (Kb) for plants of different altitude zones and notes an increase in Al content from mountain-taiga to tundra biogeocenoses in most plants, while for Fe, the author notes an increase in concentrations in plants from mountain-tundra to mountain-taiga landscapes. The content of Al and Fe in biomass, in annual growth and fall, grows from the mountain tundra to the valley spruce taiga. The annual biogenic growth of Al and Fe decreases from the taiga landscape to the lichen tundra. These facts indicate a significant role of landscape and geochemical components in the redistribution and biological cycle of Al and Fe in the landscapes of the Khibinsk-Lovozersk alkaline province. The research materials can be used to intensify agricultural activity in the region, as well as to assess its environmental situation and bioindication. �������������������������� ������������-���������������������������������� ������������, ������������ 2 (116) 2022, Pages 95-102

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
    Article . 2022
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
      Article . 2022
      License: CC BY
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  • Штаммы используемых дрожжей рода Rhodotorula – Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum – получены из Всерос-сийской коллекции культур сельскохозяйственного назначения научно-исследовательского института сельскохозяйственной микробиологии. Данная работа посвящена исследованию каротиногенеза дрожжами ро-да Rhodotorula различных штаммов. Рассматривались такие показатели, как морфометрические характеристики клеток, количество накопленных кароти-ноидов, соотношение почкующихся и мертвых клеток в питательной среде в процессе культивирования, соотношение оптической плотности и количества клеток, формы содержащихся каротиноидов в клетках. При достижении поставленной цели были решены следующие задачи: – Изучить литературные источники по теме исследования; – На основе литературных данных смоделировать питательные среды для анализа влияния химического состава на биосинтез каротиноидов; – Произвести посев из пробирок со скошенным агаром с музейными штаммами на смоделированные плотные питательные среды; – Проанализировать культуральные признаки выросших колоний; – Исследовать морфологические и физиологические свойства выросших культур дрожжей разных штаммов; – Пересеять дрожжи разных штаммов с плотной питательной среды на жидкую питательную среду для наблюдения и анализа каротиногенеза; – Дать оценку накопления каротиноидов дрожжами Rhodotorula при культивировании по периодической схеме. Объектами исследования были чистые культуры дрожжей Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum. Экспериментально-исследовательская работа проводилась в научной микробиологической лаборатории Высшей школы биотехнологии и пище-вых производств Санкт-Петербургского Политехнического университета Петра Великого в Институте Биомедицинских Систем и Биотехнологий. Анализируемыми показателями были: морфометрические характеристи-ки клеток, количество накопленных каротиноидов физиологическое состоя-ние клеток в питательной среде в процессе культивирования, соотношение оптической плотности и количества клеток, формы содержащихся каротино-идов в клетках. Ð’ ходе исследования показано, что обогащение питательной среды до-полнительными источниками азота увеличивает размер клеток, ускоряет рост и размножение дрожжей и повышает количество накапливаемых каро-тиноидов. При написание литературного обзора использовались следующие базы данных: eLIBRARY.RU, Scopus, РНБ, ScienceDirect, CyberLeninka, Re-searchGate, Wiley Online Library. Статистическую обработку экспериментальных данных осуществляли с использованием пакета программ Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel. The strains of the used yeasts of the genus Rhodotorula – Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum – were obtained from the All-Russian Collection of Agricultural Cultures of the Research Institute of Agri-cultural Microbiology. This work is devoted to the study of carotenogenesis by yeasts of the genus Rhodotorula of various strains. Such indicators as morphometric characteristics of cells, the amount of accumulated carotenoids, the ratio of budding and dead cells in the nutrient medium during cultivation, the ratio of optical density and number of cells, and the forms of carotenoids contained in cells were considered. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: – To study literary sources on the research topic; – Based on literature data, simulate nutrient media to analyze the effect of chemical composition on the biosynthesis of carotenoids; – Inoculate from test tubes with slant agar with museum strains on simulat-ed dense nutrient media; – Analyze the cultural characteristics of grown colonies; – Investigate the morphological and physiological properties of grown yeast cultures of different strains; – Transfer yeast of different strains from solid nutrient medium to liquid nu-trient medium for observation and analysis of carotenogenesis; – To evaluate the accumulation of carotenoids by the yeast Rhodotorula dur-ing cultivation according to a periodic scheme. The objects of the study were pure cultures of the yeast Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum. Experimental research work was carried out in the scientific microbiological laboratory of the Higher School of Biotechnology and Food Production of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University at the Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnologies. The parameters analyzed were: morphometric characteristics of cells, the amount of accumulated carotenoids, the physiological state of cells in the nutrient medium during cultivation, the ratio of optical density and cell number, and the forms of carotenoids contained in cells. The study showed that the enrichment of the nutrient medium with addition-al sources of nitrogen increases the size of cells, accelerates the growth and re-production of yeast and increases the amount of accumulated carotenoids. When writing the literature review, the following databases were used: eLI-BRARY.RU, Scopus, RNL, ScienceDirect, CyberLeninka, ResearchGate, Wiley Online Library. Statistical processing of experimental data was carried out using the Mi-crosoft Word, Microsoft Excel software package.

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  • An analytical review of the processes occurring in the soil in its natural state is given. Analysis of the calculations and the historical data based on the structure of the sown areas and crop yields, shows that changes in the natural state of the soil are associated with the development of agricultural production and replacing biocenoses by agrocenoses, as well as the changes in the main environmental factors that led to the replacement of natural land by boghara. The article discusses the dynamics of changes in soil biomass reserves in the natural and rainfed conditions, and their changes due to replacement of the shares of these lands, on the example of the agricultural land in the Timashevsky district, the Krasnodar Territory. Calculations showed that, with the complete replacement of biocenoses by agrocenoses, there was a sharp decline in the total biomass of soil. Illustrative materials describing the dynamics of changes in these processes are presented. The process of accumulating biomass reserves due to incoming plant biomass and reducing them due to humification of plant and root residues in the soil is described. The question of the stabilization of the soil biomass reserves at a stable yield of agricultural crops was considered. Analysis of the calculations shows that, despite the recent increase in crop yields, the total biomass reserves remain low, the flow of humus in the soil lessens, and its fertility decreases. Приведен аналитический обзор протекающих процессов в почве в естественном состоянии. Анализ расчетов, исторических данных основанный на структуре посевных площадей и урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур, показывает, что изменения естественного состояния почв связаны с развитием сельскохозяйственного производства, заменой биоценозов на агроценозы и изменением основных средообразующих факторов, что привело к замене естественных угодий на богару. В статье рассмотрена динамика изменения запасов биомассы почвы в естественных и богарных условиях, и их изменение, вследствие замены долей этих угодий, на примере сельскохозяйственных земель Тимашевского района Краснодарского края. Расчеты показали, что, при полной замене биоценозов на агроценозы, произошло резкое сокращение общих запасов биомассы почвы. Приведены иллюстрационные материалы, характеризующие динамику изменения этих процессов. Описан процесс накопления запасов биомассы за счет поступающей фитомассы растений и уменьшения их за счет гумификации растительных и корневых остатков, находящихся в почве. Рассмотрен вопрос стабилизации запасов биомассы почвы при стабильных показателях урожая сельскохозяйственных культур. Анализ расчетов показывает, что не смотря на то, что в последние время происходит увеличение урожая сельскохозяйственных культур, общие запасы биомассы остаются на низком уровне, уменьшается поступление гумуса в почву,снижается ее плодородие. №2(90) (2019)

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  • Выпускная квалификационная работа бакалавра посвящена проблемам правового регулирования энергосбережения в агропромышленном комплексе. Рассматриваются: понятие «энергосбережения в агропромышленном комплексе», законодательство об энергосбережении и повышении энергетической эффективности в агропромышленном комплексе, проблемы правового регулирования энергосбережения в агропромышленном комплексе. Ð’ работе основное внимание уделено анализу действующего законодательства в области энергосбережения и повышения энергетической эффективности в агропромышленном комплексе. Final qualifying work bachelor is devoted problems of legal regulation of energy-saving are in an agroindustrial complex. The concepts of «energy-saving is in an agroindustrial complex», legislation about energy-saving and increase of power efficiency is in an agroindustrial complex, problems of legal regulation of energy-saving is in an agroindustrial complex. In work basic attention is spared to the analysis of current legislation of energy-saving and increase of power efficiency is in an agroindustrial complex.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: L. F. Babitskiy; V. Y. Moskalevich; I. V. Sobolevsky;
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Аграрная наука Евро-...arrow_drop_down
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  • Штаммы используемых дрожжей рода Rhodotorula – Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum – получены из Всерос-сийской коллекции культур сельскохозяйственного назначения научно-исследовательского института сельскохозяйственной микробиологии. Данная работа посвящена исследованию влияния различных физических и химических факторов на рост, развитие и накопление биомассы дрожжами рода Rhodotorula. Рассматривались такие показатели, как размер клеток, ко-личество накопленных питательных веществ, увеличение количества клеток в процессе культивирования, удельная скорость роста культуры, время удвое-ния биомассы. При достижении поставленной цели были решены следующие задачи: – Изучить литературные источники по теме исследования; – На основе литературных данных смоделировать питательные среды для анализа влияния химического состава на накопление биомассы; – Произвести посев из пробирок с музейными штаммами на скошенной питательной среде на смоделированные плотные питательные среды; – Проанализировать культуральные признаки выросших колоний; – Исследовать морфологические и физиологические свойства выросших культур дрожжей разных штаммов; – Пересеять дрожжи разных штаммов с плотной питательной среды на жидкую питательную среду для накопления биомассы; – Дать оценку параметрам роста дрожжей штамма Rhodotorula при культивировании по периодической схеме. Объектами исследования были чистые культуры дрожжей Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum. Экспериментально-исследовательская работа проводилась в научной микробиологической лаборатории Высшей школы биотехнологии и пище-вых производств Санкт-Петербургского Политехнического университета Петра Великого в Институте Биомедицинских Систем и Биотехнологий. Анализируемыми показателями были: размер клеток, количество накоп-ленных питательных веществ, увеличение количества клеток в процессе куль-тивирования, удельная скорость роста культуры, время удвоения биомассы. Ð’ ходе исследования показано, что обогащение питательной среды пеп-тоном повышает скорость роста биомассы, размер, время генерации и коли-чество накопленных питательных веществ в клетках. При написание литературного обзора использовались следующие базы данных: eLIBRARY.RU, Scopus, РНБ, ScienceDirect, CyberLeninka. Статистическую обработку экспериментальных данных осуществляли с использованием пакета программ Microsoft Word. The strains of the used yeasts of the genus Rhodotorula – Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum – were obtained from the All-Russian Collection of Agricultural Cultures of the Research Institute of Agri-cultural Microbiology. This work is devoted to the study of the influence of various physical and chemical factors on the growth, development and accumulation of biomass by yeasts of the genus Rhodotorula. Such indicators as cell size, amount of accumu-lated nutrients, increase in the number of cells during cultivation, specific culture growth rate, biomass doubling time were considered. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: – To study literary sources on the research topic; – Based on literature data, simulate nutrient media to analyze the effect of chemical composition on biomass accumulation; – Inoculate from test tubes with museum strains on a slanted nutrient medi-um on simulated dense nutrient media; – Analyze the cultural characteristics of grown colonies; – To study the morphological and physiological properties of grown yeast cultures of different strains; – Transfer yeast of different strains from a dense nutrient medium to a liquid nutrient medium for biomass accumulation; – To assess the growth parameters of the yeast strain Rhodotorula during cultivation according to a periodic scheme. The objects of the study were pure cultures of Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum. Experimental research work was carried out in the scientific microbiological laboratory of the Higher School of Biotechnology and Food Production of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University at the Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnologies. The parameters analyzed were: cell size, amount of accumulated nutrients, increase in the number of cells during cultivation, specific culture growth rate, bi-omass doubling time. In the course of the study, it was shown that modeling the nutrient medium with peptone increases the biomass growth rate, size, generation time, and the amount of accumulated nutrients in the cells. When writing the literature review, the following databases were used: eLI-BRARY.RU, Scopus, RNL, ScienceDirect, CyberLeninka. Statistical processing of experimental data was carried out using the Mi-crosoft Word software package.

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    Authors: F. F. Mukhamad'yarov; S. L. Korobitsyn; N. N. Soboleva;

    Agroecological regionalizing of an agricultural territories at microlevel allows to improve intra-economic land management and carry out the highly precision optimization of habitat for cultivated plants. The allocation or association of agro-ecologically similar territories (AST) is more difficult in a rugged relief and can lead to a reduction in the size of fields of crop rotations, decrease the efficiency of high-performance technics and certain restrictions in the use of high power technical means with wide-swath agricultural machines. Considering the high irregularity of distribution in time and space of environment factors becomes obvious that soil treatment requires differentiated approach and focuses on "regionalizing agricultural practices" because they "can be carried out diverse and at different times". For justification of the optimal composition of means of mechanization of cultivation of agricultural crops on example of the experimental field four arable units, four units with flat-cutting bodies and eight units with disk working bodies, and three sowing units were selected. The main criterion for the evaluation of the optimal composition of means of mechanization was the total energy consumption for technological process. Evaluation of the energy efficiency of technological processes connected with processing of the soil indicates significant changes in the energy costs for the varying types of processing and technological parameters. According to variants of plowing saving of energy consumption can reach 30%, flat-cutting processing of the soil - 38%, disking of the soil is 20% and sowing -14%. Saving of direct fuel consumption for the most energy-intensive operations can be up to 7 kg/ha.

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  • The dynamics of indicators of agroecological state of Chernozem typical of a fallow ecosystem aged 17, 25 and 33 years were studied for 16 years on a multi-age Deposit located on the territory of the experimental field of the Institute of agriculture and soil protection from erosion (Kursk region, Medvensky district). It is established that long-term conservation (transfer of arable land to a deposit) of typical Chernozem lead to an increase in its fertility. During self- regenerating of fallow soils, there was an increase in the content of organic matter (organic carbon of the soil, inhumified organic matter, mobile humus substances, mobile humic acids, mobile fulvic acids), improvement of agrophysical properties, as well as a positive trend of increasing other agrochemical indicators, a significant increase in soil water resistance. With increasing fallow age, the aboveground phytomass increased, and the weight of felt decreases. The absence of a long-term anthropogenic load on the soil lead to the improvement in its agroecological state, which will undoubtedly affect the increase in the ecological capacity of the agrolandscape. На разновозрастной залежи, расположенной на территории опытного поля ВНИИ земледелия и защиты почв от эрозии (Курская область, Медвенский район), в течение 16 лет изучали особенности динамики показателей агроэкологического состояния чернозема типичного залежной экосистемы возрастом 17, 25 и 33 года. Установлено, что многолетнее консервирование (перевод пашни в залежь) чернозема типичного приводит к повышению уровня его плодородия. При самовосстановлении залежных почв отмечено возрастание содержания органического вещества (органического углерода почвы, негумифицированного органического вещества, подвижных гумусовых веществ, подвижных гуминовых кислот, подвижных фульвокислот), улучшение агрофизических свойств, а также положительная тенденция увеличения других агрохимических показателей, значительное возрастание водоустойчивости почвы. С повышением возраста залежи надземная фитомасса увеличивается, а масса войлока уменьшается. Отсутствие длительной антропогенной нагрузки на почвы приводит к улучшению ее агроэкологического состояния, что, несомненно, отразится на увеличении экологической емкости агроландшафта. №1 (2020)

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    Authors: Stepanov, A.; Gosse, D.; Panina, M.;

    The use of fertilizers and preparations based on humic substances is a promising way that allows solving many problems that arise in modern agriculture. Based on the field small-plot experiment, the effect of biofertilizer AgroVerm made on the basis of a vermicompost on the following indicators has been studied: growth acceleration, crop yield and quality of agricultural production of soft wheat Moskovskaya 39. It is shown that the biofertilizer AgroVerm accelerates the germination and germination ability of wheat seeds, stimulating the further growth and development of plants at all stages of vegetation. Invariants with the use of biofertilizer, the yield of grain (up to 96.4%) of high quality and the total biomass of plants is increased in comparison with the variants where only complete minerals were added. It is important to note that the biofertilizer AgroVerm has a positive complex effect on the physical properties of the soil and its structure. Under the action of the preparation, the general and open grain porosity of the soil, the decrease in the density of soil composition, the acceleration of the soil moisture velocity (the filtration coefficient increased by 22.3%), the number of water-stable aggregates and healthy structure in the soil increased by 4%. {"references": ["Orlov, D. S. (1990). Gumusovye kisloty pochv i obshchaya teoriya gumifikatscii. Moscow, MSU, 325 p.", "Ponomareva, V. V., Plotnikova, T. A. (1980). Gumus i pochvoobrazovanie. Moscow, Nauka, 223 p."]}

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  • In the conditions of old-irrigated typical gray-earth soils of Kashkadarya region, the agrophysical, water properties, and nutrient regime of the soill after siderate crops were studied for the fi rst time. The best siderates have been identifi ed that have a positive effect on soil fertility and potato planting. В условиях староорошаемых типичных сероземных почв Кашкадарьинской области были изучены агрофизические, водные свойства, пищевой режим почвы после сидератных культур. Выявленны лучшие сидераты оказывающие положительное влияние на плодородие почвы и посадках картофеля. Актуальные проблемы современной науки, Выпуск 2 (211) 2020

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    �� ������������ �������������������������� ������������������ �������������������� Al �� Fe �� ������������ �� ������������������������ �������������� ������������������ �� ���������������������� ����������. �������������������� ������������������������ �� ���������������������� ������������������������������, 0,1�� NaOH-����������������������, 1�� KCl-���������������������� �� ������������������������������������ �������� Al �� Fe �� ������������ �������������� ����������������������-������������������ ������������. �������������������� ���������������������� ���������������������������� �������������������� (����) ������ ���������������� ������������ ���������������� ������������. �� ���������������������� ���������������� �������������� �������� �������������������� Al ���� ����������-�������������� �� ������������������ ��������������������������. ������ Fe �������������� �������� ������������������������ �� ������������������ ���� ����������-������������������ �� ����������-�������������� ��������������������. �������������������� Al �� Fe �� ����������������, �� �������������� ���������������� �� ���������� ������������ ���� ������������ ������������ �� ���������������� ������������ ����������. ������������������ ������������������ �������������� Al �� Fe ������������������ ���� ���������������� ������������������ �� ������������������������ ������������. ������������������ ���������� �������������� �� ������������������������ �������� ��������������������-�������������������������� ������������������������ �� ���������������������������������� �� �������������������������� ���������������������� Al �� Fe �� �������������������� ����������������-���������������������� ���������������� ������������������. ������������������ ������������������������ ���������� �������� ������������������������ ������ ���������������������������� ���������������� ������������������������ �� ��������������, �� ���������� ������ ������������ �������������������������� �������������������� �� ������������������������. The article analyzes the biogenic mass exchange of Al and Fe in the soils and vegetation of the Khibiny and Lovozero tundras; it also determines concentrations and ratios of water-soluble, 0.1N NaOH-soluble, 1h KCl-soluble and oxalate-soluble forms of Al and Fe in soils of the main vertical-zonal belts. The study establishes the coefficient of biological absorption (Kb) for plants of different altitude zones and notes an increase in Al content from mountain-taiga to tundra biogeocenoses in most plants, while for Fe, the author notes an increase in concentrations in plants from mountain-tundra to mountain-taiga landscapes. The content of Al and Fe in biomass, in annual growth and fall, grows from the mountain tundra to the valley spruce taiga. The annual biogenic growth of Al and Fe decreases from the taiga landscape to the lichen tundra. These facts indicate a significant role of landscape and geochemical components in the redistribution and biological cycle of Al and Fe in the landscapes of the Khibinsk-Lovozersk alkaline province. The research materials can be used to intensify agricultural activity in the region, as well as to assess its environmental situation and bioindication. �������������������������� ������������-���������������������������������� ������������, ������������ 2 (116) 2022, Pages 95-102

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  • Штаммы используемых дрожжей рода Rhodotorula – Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum – получены из Всерос-сийской коллекции культур сельскохозяйственного назначения научно-исследовательского института сельскохозяйственной микробиологии. Данная работа посвящена исследованию каротиногенеза дрожжами ро-да Rhodotorula различных штаммов. Рассматривались такие показатели, как морфометрические характеристики клеток, количество накопленных кароти-ноидов, соотношение почкующихся и мертвых клеток в питательной среде в процессе культивирования, соотношение оптической плотности и количества клеток, формы содержащихся каротиноидов в клетках. При достижении поставленной цели были решены следующие задачи: – Изучить литературные источники по теме исследования; – На основе литературных данных смоделировать питательные среды для анализа влияния химического состава на биосинтез каротиноидов; – Произвести посев из пробирок со скошенным агаром с музейными штаммами на смоделированные плотные питательные среды; – Проанализировать культуральные признаки выросших колоний; – Исследовать морфологические и физиологические свойства выросших культур дрожжей разных штаммов; – Пересеять дрожжи разных штаммов с плотной питательной среды на жидкую питательную среду для наблюдения и анализа каротиногенеза; – Дать оценку накопления каротиноидов дрожжами Rhodotorula при культивировании по периодической схеме. Объектами исследования были чистые культуры дрожжей Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum. Экспериментально-исследовательская работа проводилась в научной микробиологической лаборатории Высшей школы биотехнологии и пище-вых производств Санкт-Петербургского Политехнического университета Петра Великого в Институте Биомедицинских Систем и Биотехнологий. Анализируемыми показателями были: морфометрические характеристи-ки клеток, количество накопленных каротиноидов физиологическое состоя-ние клеток в питательной среде в процессе культивирования, соотношение оптической плотности и количества клеток, формы содержащихся каротино-идов в клетках. Ð’ ходе исследования показано, что обогащение питательной среды до-полнительными источниками азота увеличивает размер клеток, ускоряет рост и размножение дрожжей и повышает количество накапливаемых каро-тиноидов. При написание литературного обзора использовались следующие базы данных: eLIBRARY.RU, Scopus, РНБ, ScienceDirect, CyberLeninka, Re-searchGate, Wiley Online Library. Статистическую обработку экспериментальных данных осуществляли с использованием пакета программ Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel. The strains of the used yeasts of the genus Rhodotorula – Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum – were obtained from the All-Russian Collection of Agricultural Cultures of the Research Institute of Agri-cultural Microbiology. This work is devoted to the study of carotenogenesis by yeasts of the genus Rhodotorula of various strains. Such indicators as morphometric characteristics of cells, the amount of accumulated carotenoids, the ratio of budding and dead cells in the nutrient medium during cultivation, the ratio of optical density and number of cells, and the forms of carotenoids contained in cells were considered. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: – To study literary sources on the research topic; – Based on literature data, simulate nutrient media to analyze the effect of chemical composition on the biosynthesis of carotenoids; – Inoculate from test tubes with slant agar with museum strains on simulat-ed dense nutrient media; – Analyze the cultural characteristics of grown colonies; – Investigate the morphological and physiological properties of grown yeast cultures of different strains; – Transfer yeast of different strains from solid nutrient medium to liquid nu-trient medium for observation and analysis of carotenogenesis; – To evaluate the accumulation of carotenoids by the yeast Rhodotorula dur-ing cultivation according to a periodic scheme. The objects of the study were pure cultures of the yeast Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum. Experimental research work was carried out in the scientific microbiological laboratory of the Higher School of Biotechnology and Food Production of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University at the Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnologies. The parameters analyzed were: morphometric characteristics of cells, the amount of accumulated carotenoids, the physiological state of cells in the nutrient medium during cultivation, the ratio of optical density and cell number, and the forms of carotenoids contained in cells. The study showed that the enrichment of the nutrient medium with addition-al sources of nitrogen increases the size of cells, accelerates the growth and re-production of yeast and increases the amount of accumulated carotenoids. When writing the literature review, the following databases were used: eLI-BRARY.RU, Scopus, RNL, ScienceDirect, CyberLeninka, ResearchGate, Wiley Online Library. Statistical processing of experimental data was carried out using the Mi-crosoft Word, Microsoft Excel software package.

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  • An analytical review of the processes occurring in the soil in its natural state is given. Analysis of the calculations and the historical data based on the structure of the sown areas and crop yields, shows that changes in the natural state of the soil are associated with the development of agricultural production and replacing biocenoses by agrocenoses, as well as the changes in the main environmental factors that led to the replacement of natural land by boghara. The article discusses the dynamics of changes in soil biomass reserves in the natural and rainfed conditions, and their changes due to replacement of the shares of these lands, on the example of the agricultural land in the Timashevsky district, the Krasnodar Territory. Calculations showed that, with the complete replacement of biocenoses by agrocenoses, there was a sharp decline in the total biomass of soil. Illustrative materials describing the dynamics of changes in these processes are presented. The process of accumulating biomass reserves due to incoming plant biomass and reducing them due to humification of plant and root residues in the soil is described. The question of the stabilization of the soil biomass reserves at a stable yield of agricultural crops was considered. Analysis of the calculations shows that, despite the recent increase in crop yields, the total biomass reserves remain low, the flow of humus in the soil lessens, and its fertility decreases. Приведен аналитический обзор протекающих процессов в почве в естественном состоянии. Анализ расчетов, исторических данных основанный на структуре посевных площадей и урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур, показывает, что изменения естественного состояния почв связаны с развитием сельскохозяйственного производства, заменой биоценозов на агроценозы и изменением основных средообразующих факторов, что привело к замене естественных угодий на богару. В статье рассмотрена динамика изменения запасов биомассы почвы в естественных и богарных условиях, и их изменение, вследствие замены долей этих угодий, на примере сельскохозяйственных земель Тимашевского района Краснодарского края. Расчеты показали, что, при полной замене биоценозов на агроценозы, произошло резкое сокращение общих запасов биомассы почвы. Приведены иллюстрационные материалы, характеризующие динамику изменения этих процессов. Описан процесс накопления запасов биомассы за счет поступающей фитомассы растений и уменьшения их за счет гумификации растительных и корневых остатков, находящихся в почве. Рассмотрен вопрос стабилизации запасов биомассы почвы при стабильных показателях урожая сельскохозяйственных культур. Анализ расчетов показывает, что не смотря на то, что в последние время происходит увеличение урожая сельскохозяйственных культур, общие запасы биомассы остаются на низком уровне, уменьшается поступление гумуса в почву,снижается ее плодородие. №2(90) (2019)

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  • Выпускная квалификационная работа бакалавра посвящена проблемам правового регулирования энергосбережения в агропромышленном комплексе. Рассматриваются: понятие «энергосбережения в агропромышленном комплексе», законодательство об энергосбережении и повышении энергетической эффективности в агропромышленном комплексе, проблемы правового регулирования энергосбережения в агропромышленном комплексе. Ð’ работе основное внимание уделено анализу действующего законодательства в области энергосбережения и повышения энергетической эффективности в агропромышленном комплексе. Final qualifying work bachelor is devoted problems of legal regulation of energy-saving are in an agroindustrial complex. The concepts of «energy-saving is in an agroindustrial complex», legislation about energy-saving and increase of power efficiency is in an agroindustrial complex, problems of legal regulation of energy-saving is in an agroindustrial complex. In work basic attention is spared to the analysis of current legislation of energy-saving and increase of power efficiency is in an agroindustrial complex.

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    Authors: L. F. Babitskiy; V. Y. Moskalevich; I. V. Sobolevsky;
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  • Штаммы используемых дрожжей рода Rhodotorula – Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum – получены из Всерос-сийской коллекции культур сельскохозяйственного назначения научно-исследовательского института сельскохозяйственной микробиологии. Данная работа посвящена исследованию влияния различных физических и химических факторов на рост, развитие и накопление биомассы дрожжами рода Rhodotorula. Рассматривались такие показатели, как размер клеток, ко-личество накопленных питательных веществ, увеличение количества клеток в процессе культивирования, удельная скорость роста культуры, время удвое-ния биомассы. При достижении поставленной цели были решены следующие задачи: – Изучить литературные источники по теме исследования; – На основе литературных данных смоделировать питательные среды для анализа влияния химического состава на накопление биомассы; – Произвести посев из пробирок с музейными штаммами на скошенной питательной среде на смоделированные плотные питательные среды; – Проанализировать культуральные признаки выросших колоний; – Исследовать морфологические и физиологические свойства выросших культур дрожжей разных штаммов; – Пересеять дрожжи разных штаммов с плотной питательной среды на жидкую питательную среду для накопления биомассы; – Дать оценку параметрам роста дрожжей штамма Rhodotorula при культивировании по периодической схеме. Объектами исследования были чистые культуры дрожжей Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum. Экспериментально-исследовательская работа проводилась в научной микробиологической лаборатории Высшей школы биотехнологии и пище-вых производств Санкт-Петербургского Политехнического университета Петра Великого в Институте Биомедицинских Систем и Биотехнологий. Анализируемыми показателями были: размер клеток, количество накоп-ленных питательных веществ, увеличение количества клеток в процессе куль-тивирования, удельная скорость роста культуры, время удвоения биомассы. Ð’ ходе исследования показано, что обогащение питательной среды пеп-тоном повышает скорость роста биомассы, размер, время генерации и коли-чество накопленных питательных веществ в клетках. При написание литературного обзора использовались следующие базы данных: eLIBRARY.RU, Scopus, РНБ, ScienceDirect, CyberLeninka. Статистическую обработку экспериментальных данных осуществляли с использованием пакета программ Microsoft Word. The strains of the used yeasts of the genus Rhodotorula – Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum – were obtained from the All-Russian Collection of Agricultural Cultures of the Research Institute of Agri-cultural Microbiology. This work is devoted to the study of the influence of various physical and chemical factors on the growth, development and accumulation of biomass by yeasts of the genus Rhodotorula. Such indicators as cell size, amount of accumu-lated nutrients, increase in the number of cells during cultivation, specific culture growth rate, biomass doubling time were considered. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: – To study literary sources on the research topic; – Based on literature data, simulate nutrient media to analyze the effect of chemical composition on biomass accumulation; – Inoculate from test tubes with museum strains on a slanted nutrient medi-um on simulated dense nutrient media; – Analyze the cultural characteristics of grown colonies; – To study the morphological and physiological properties of grown yeast cultures of different strains; – Transfer yeast of different strains from a dense nutrient medium to a liquid nutrient medium for biomass accumulation; – To assess the growth parameters of the yeast strain Rhodotorula during cultivation according to a periodic scheme. The objects of the study were pure cultures of Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum. Experimental research work was carried out in the scientific microbiological laboratory of the Higher School of Biotechnology and Food Production of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University at the Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnologies. The parameters analyzed were: cell size, amount of accumulated nutrients, increase in the number of cells during cultivation, specific culture growth rate, bi-omass doubling time. In the course of the study, it was shown that modeling the nutrient medium with peptone increases the biomass growth rate, size, generation time, and the amount of accumulated nutrients in the cells. When writing the literature review, the following databases were used: eLI-BRARY.RU, Scopus, RNL, ScienceDirect, CyberLeninka. Statistical processing of experimental data was carried out using the Mi-crosoft Word software package.

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    Authors: F. F. Mukhamad'yarov; S. L. Korobitsyn; N. N. Soboleva;

    Agroecological regionalizing of an agricultural territories at microlevel allows to improve intra-economic land management and carry out the highly precision optimization of habitat for cultivated plants. The allocation or association of agro-ecologically similar territories (AST) is more difficult in a rugged relief and can lead to a reduction in the size of fields of crop rotations, decrease the efficiency of high-performance technics and certain restrictions in the use of high power technical means with wide-swath agricultural machines. Considering the high irregularity of distribution in time and space of environment factors becomes obvious that soil treatment requires differentiated approach and focuses on "regionalizing agricultural practices" because they "can be carried out diverse and at different times". For justification of the optimal composition of means of mechanization of cultivation of agricultural crops on example of the experimental field four arable units, four units with flat-cutting bodies and eight units with disk working bodies, and three sowing units were selected. The main criterion for the evaluation of the optimal composition of means of mechanization was the total energy consumption for technological process. Evaluation of the energy efficiency of technological processes connected with processing of the soil indicates significant changes in the energy costs for the varying types of processing and technological parameters. According to variants of plowing saving of energy consumption can reach 30%, flat-cutting processing of the soil - 38%, disking of the soil is 20% and sowing -14%. Saving of direct fuel consumption for the most energy-intensive operations can be up to 7 kg/ha.

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  • The dynamics of indicators of agroecological state of Chernozem typical of a fallow ecosystem aged 17, 25 and 33 years were studied for 16 years on a multi-age Deposit located on the territory of the experimental field of the Institute of agriculture and soil protection from erosion (Kursk region, Medvensky district). It is established that long-term conservation (transfer of arable land to a deposit) of typical Chernozem lead to an increase in its fertility. During self- regenerating of fallow soils, there was an increase in the content of organic matter (organic carbon of the soil, inhumified organic matter, mobile humus substances, mobile humic acids, mobile fulvic acids), improvement of agrophysical properties, as well as a positive trend of increasing other agrochemical indicators, a significant increase in soil water resistance. With increasing fallow age, the aboveground phytomass increased, and the weight of felt decreases. The absence of a long-term anthropogenic load on the soil lead to the improvement in its agroecological state, which will undoubtedly affect the increase in the ecological capacity of the agrolandscape. На разновозрастной залежи, расположенной на территории опытного поля ВНИИ земледелия и защиты почв от эрозии (Курская область, Медвенский район), в течение 16 лет изучали особенности динамики показателей агроэкологического состояния чернозема типичного залежной экосистемы возрастом 17, 25 и 33 года. Установлено, что многолетнее консервирование (перевод пашни в залежь) чернозема типичного приводит к повышению уровня его плодородия. При самовосстановлении залежных почв отмечено возрастание содержания органического вещества (органического углерода почвы, негумифицированного органического вещества, подвижных гумусовых веществ, подвижных гуминовых кислот, подвижных фульвокислот), улучшение агрофизических свойств, а также положительная тенденция увеличения других агрохимических показателей, значительное возрастание водоустойчивости почвы. С повышением возраста залежи надземная фитомасса увеличивается, а масса войлока уменьшается. Отсутствие длительной антропогенной нагрузки на почвы приводит к улучшению ее агроэкологического состояния, что, несомненно, отразится на увеличении экологической емкости агроландшафта. №1 (2020)

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    Authors: Stepanov, A.; Gosse, D.; Panina, M.;

    The use of fertilizers and preparations based on humic substances is a promising way that allows solving many problems that arise in modern agriculture. Based on the field small-plot experiment, the effect of biofertilizer AgroVerm made on the basis of a vermicompost on the following indicators has been studied: growth acceleration, crop yield and quality of agricultural production of soft wheat Moskovskaya 39. It is shown that the biofertilizer AgroVerm accelerates the germination and germination ability of wheat seeds, stimulating the further growth and development of plants at all stages of vegetation. Invariants with the use of biofertilizer, the yield of grain (up to 96.4%) of high quality and the total biomass of plants is increased in comparison with the variants where only complete minerals were added. It is important to note that the biofertilizer AgroVerm has a positive complex effect on the physical properties of the soil and its structure. Under the action of the preparation, the general and open grain porosity of the soil, the decrease in the density of soil composition, the acceleration of the soil moisture velocity (the filtration coefficient increased by 22.3%), the number of water-stable aggregates and healthy structure in the soil increased by 4%. {"references": ["Orlov, D. S. (1990). Gumusovye kisloty pochv i obshchaya teoriya gumifikatscii. Moscow, MSU, 325 p.", "Ponomareva, V. V., Plotnikova, T. A. (1980). Gumus i pochvoobrazovanie. Moscow, Nauka, 223 p."]}

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  • In the conditions of old-irrigated typical gray-earth soils of Kashkadarya region, the agrophysical, water properties, and nutrient regime of the soill after siderate crops were studied for the fi rst time. The best siderates have been identifi ed that have a positive effect on soil fertility and potato planting. В условиях староорошаемых типичных сероземных почв Кашкадарьинской области были изучены агрофизические, водные свойства, пищевой режим почвы после сидератных культур. Выявленны лучшие сидераты оказывающие положительное влияние на плодородие почвы и посадках картофеля. Актуальные проблемы современной науки, Выпуск 2 (211) 2020

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