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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Dmitry Yu. Malyshev; Semen V. Syrodoy;

    One of the most pressing problems of our time is environmental safety. The pollution of the Earth’s atmosphere in recent decades is caused by work at thermal power plants burning coal in the territories of the most popular states (USA, China, India, etc.). The use of a new class of fuel – bio-water-coal – can significantly reduce emissions of man-made gases, generated during combustion of coal in the furnaces of steam and hot water boilers, into the Earth’s atmosphere, expand the raw materials base of the modern thermal power plants and increase the resource efficiency of coal-fired power systems. The aim of the research is to study the influence of the concentration composition on the integral characteristics of ignition of the drops of the biohydrocarbon fuels under high-temperature heating. Object: a water-coal suspension based on brand T coal, water and spruce needles. In the course of the experimental studies, the following mass concentrations of coal and biomass were considered 50/0 %, 45/5 %, 40/10 %, 35/15 %, respectively (50 % – water). Method: experimental determination using the high-speed Photron FASTCAM CA4 video camera of the temporal characteristics of ignition of drops of the bio-water-coal suspensions under conditions corresponding to the heating intensity of the combustion chambers of the steam and hot water boilers; registration of medium temperature using chromel-alumel thermocouples. Results. The effect of mass concentration of forest combustible material on ignition delay times (tign) of water-coal fuels has been established. It was shown that when the fuel composition contains 15 % of biomass, the ignition delay times are reduced by more than three times compared with water-coal fuel without adding biomass at relatively low temperatures of the combustion medium. The results of experimental studies are also the basis for development of combustion models of liquid composite fuels.

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  • In the course of the work, an analysis was made of modern technologies for the growth of microalgae, as well as the growth of biomass, depending on various conditions for its cultivation. Examples of the use of photobioreactors with microalgae in buildings and structures were considered. The advantages of using biomodules in the atrium of an office building, as opposed to being placed on the facade, were also considered: stable temperature conditions, long-term illumination, protection against damage, etc. Flat photobioreactors characterized by high productivity and ease of maintenance were selected. Using the results of research by domestic and foreign scientists, the growth of microalgae biomass was estimated taking into account the light regime and the temperature regime of the atrium of the business center. The work considers several methods for assessing the biogas potential of microalgae, and the results of laboratory studies of the biodegradation of biomass Chlorella sorokiniana, performed by employees of the Department of “Civil Engineering and Applied Ecology” are obtained. The photobioreactor productivity and carbon dioxide consumption by microalgae were estimated in the atrium of the business center. An analysis of the results of studies conducted in the work showed the promise of using photobioreactors with microalgae to absorb an excess concentration of carbon dioxide contained in the air and the power supply of office buildings. В ходе работы был выполнен анализ современных технологий выращивания микроводорослей, а также прироста биомассы в зависимости от различных условий ее культивирования. Были рассмотрены примеры применения фотобиореакторов с микроводорослями в зданиях и сооружениях. Также были рассмотрены преимущества использования биомодулей в атриуме офисного здания в отличие от размещения на фасаде: стабильный температурный режим, продолжительная освещенность, защищенность от повреждений и др. Выбраны плоские фотобиореакторы, характеризуемые высокой продуктивностью и простотой обслуживания. С использованием результатов исследований отечественных и зарубежных ученых произведена оценка прироста биомассы микроводорослей с учетом режима освещенности и температурного режима атриума бизнес-центра. В работе рассмотрены несколько методов для оценки биогазового потенциала микроводорослей, и получены результаты лабораторных исследований биоразложения биомассы Chlorella sorokiniana, выполненные сотрудниками кафедры ГСиПЭ. Произведена оценка продуктивности фотобиореактора и потребления углекислого газа микроводорослями в атриуме бизнес-центра. Анализ результатов исследований, проведенных в работе, показал перспективность использования фотобиореакторов с микроводорослями для поглощения избыточной концентрации углекислого газа, содержащегося в воздухе, и энергоснабжения офисных зданий.

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  • The conversion of power plants to combustion of solid fuel mixtures based on coal and biomass can promote the reduction of the consumption of solid fossil fuels and improve the environmental performance of power units. The purpose of this study is the thermal analysis of brown coals, aspen sawdust and their mixtures in the air flow at a heating rate of 20 °C/min. The temperatures at which ignition of the coke residue of fuels occurs (360 °C for coal and 301 °C for biomass) and other combustion characteristics under conditions of nonisothermal heating have been determined. The addition of a sawdust to coal is shown to improve the combustion characteristics. With an increase in the sawdust mass fraction in the mixture, the temperature ranges of the main stages of combustion of volatile substances and coke residue are shifted towards lower temperatures thus reducing the temperature at which the combustion of mixtures is completed. Перевод энергетических установок на сжигание твердотопливных смесей на основе угля и биомассы может способствовать снижению потребления твердого ископаемого топлива, а также улучшению их экологических характеристики. Цель работы — термический анализ бурого угля, опилок осины и их смесей в потоке воздуха со скоростью нагрева 20 °С/мин. Установлены температуры, при которых происходит воспламенение коксового остатка топлив (360 °С для угля и 301 °С для биомассы), и другие характеристики горения в условиях неизотермического нагрева. Показано, что добавление опилок к углю улучшает характеристики горения. При увеличении массовой доли опилок в смеси диапазоны температур основных стадий горения летучих веществ и коксового остатка смещаются в область более низких температур, снижая температуру, при которой завершается процесс горения смесей. Промышленная энергетика, Выпуск 7 2023, Pages 37-43

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Roman B. Tabakaev; Dariga B. Altynbaeva; Kanipa T. Ibraeva; Alexander S. Zavorin;

    The relevance of the study is caused by the tendency to increase the share of renewable energy in the fuel and energy balance to reduce the harmful effects on the environment. The main aim is to determine the kinetic parameters of biomass pyrolysis by G. Friedman's method based on the results of differential thermal analysis. Objects: straw, grain processing waste (wheat bran), cedar nutshell, pine sawdust, lowland peat of the Sukhovskoe field, as well as livestock waste from cattle. Methods. Thermotechnicalcharacteristics of biomass samples are determined according to certified methods (GOST 11305-2013, GOST 11306-2013, GOST R 54186-2010, GOST R 56881-2016, GOST 32990-2014); values ​​of the calorific value were determined using the ABK-1 calorimeter (RET, Russia) in accordance with GOST 147-2013 (ISO 1928-2009); elemental analysis of its organic part was carried out on a Vario Micro Cube (Elementar, Germany) device; the kinetic characteristics of low-temperature pyrolysis of biomass were determined by G. Friedman's method based on differential thermal analysis carried out at a temperature of 313–1273 K at a heating rate of 5, 15 and 30 K/min. Results. Thermal decomposition of biomass in the range of 313–1273 K occurs in two stages: the first stage proceeds in the temperature range from 463–488 to 623–653 K and is characterized by a sharp decrease in the mass of samples from 24 (peat) to 63% (sawdust); the second stage is observed from 623–653 to 873 K with a significantly smaller change in the mass of the samples (from 9 to 14%).With a further increase in temperature, the organic part of the samples practically did not undergo transformation, changes occurred only in the mineral part of peat at a temperature of 923–1123 K and were associated with the decomposition of calcium carbonate.The dependences of activation energy (Ea) on the degree of biomass conversion (w/w0) were determined, according to which its average values were calculated: for straw – 21,4 kJ mol–1; for sawdust – 20,7 kJ mol–1; for shell – 24,2 kJ mol–1; for livestock waste from cattle – 23,1 kJ mol–1; for bran – 33,1 kJ mol–1; for peat – 24,0 kJ mol–1.The values of the pre-exponential factor (A) for the studied biomass species are in the range 82,42–2377,01 h–1.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    �� ������������ �������������������������� ������������������ �������������������� Al �� Fe �� ������������ �� ������������������������ �������������� ������������������ �� ���������������������� ����������. �������������������� ������������������������ �� ���������������������� ������������������������������, 0,1�� NaOH-����������������������, 1�� KCl-���������������������� �� ������������������������������������ �������� Al �� Fe �� ������������ �������������� ����������������������-������������������ ������������. �������������������� ���������������������� ���������������������������� �������������������� (����) ������ ���������������� ������������ ���������������� ������������. �� ���������������������� ���������������� �������������� �������� �������������������� Al ���� ����������-�������������� �� ������������������ ��������������������������. ������ Fe �������������� �������� ������������������������ �� ������������������ ���� ����������-������������������ �� ����������-�������������� ��������������������. �������������������� Al �� Fe �� ����������������, �� �������������� ���������������� �� ���������� ������������ ���� ������������ ������������ �� ���������������� ������������ ����������. ������������������ ������������������ �������������� Al �� Fe ������������������ ���� ���������������� ������������������ �� ������������������������ ������������. ������������������ ���������� �������������� �� ������������������������ �������� ��������������������-�������������������������� ������������������������ �� ���������������������������������� �� �������������������������� ���������������������� Al �� Fe �� �������������������� ����������������-���������������������� ���������������� ������������������. ������������������ ������������������������ ���������� �������� ������������������������ ������ ���������������������������� ���������������� ������������������������ �� ��������������, �� ���������� ������ ������������ �������������������������� �������������������� �� ������������������������. The article analyzes the biogenic mass exchange of Al and Fe in the soils and vegetation of the Khibiny and Lovozero tundras; it also determines concentrations and ratios of water-soluble, 0.1N NaOH-soluble, 1h KCl-soluble and oxalate-soluble forms of Al and Fe in soils of the main vertical-zonal belts. The study establishes the coefficient of biological absorption (Kb) for plants of different altitude zones and notes an increase in Al content from mountain-taiga to tundra biogeocenoses in most plants, while for Fe, the author notes an increase in concentrations in plants from mountain-tundra to mountain-taiga landscapes. The content of Al and Fe in biomass, in annual growth and fall, grows from the mountain tundra to the valley spruce taiga. The annual biogenic growth of Al and Fe decreases from the taiga landscape to the lichen tundra. These facts indicate a significant role of landscape and geochemical components in the redistribution and biological cycle of Al and Fe in the landscapes of the Khibinsk-Lovozersk alkaline province. The research materials can be used to intensify agricultural activity in the region, as well as to assess its environmental situation and bioindication. �������������������������� ������������-���������������������������������� ������������, ������������ 2 (116) 2022, Pages 95-102

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
    Article . 2022
    License: CC BY
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  • Энергетическая отрасль, себестоимость энергетической продукции, электрическая и тепловая энергия, необходимая валовая выручка, цифровые решения, цифровизация, продукция и услуги энергетической отрасли, тарифы и тарифное регулирование. Energy industry, cost of energy products, electricity and heat, required gross revenue, digital solutions, digitalization, products and services of the energy industry, tariffs and tariff regulation.

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    Authors: Alexander Bashta; Victor Smirnov;

    In this paper we evaluated the prospects for renewable energy, in order to meet the needs of agricultural facilities regions of Crimea. The current state of energy supply and the agro-industrial complex of Crimea are shown. Analyzed the potential for renewable energy in the agro-industrial regions of the Crimea. Given the prospects for renewable energy in order to meet the needs of agricultural facilities regions of Crimea.

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    Krymskij Naučnyj Vestnik
    Article . 2015
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      Krymskij Naučnyj Vestnik
      Article . 2015
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  • Данная работа посвящена обзору решений для оптимизации энергопотребления электроэнергии с помощью технологий Виртуальной электростанции. Был произведен обзор технологий Индустрии 4.0. Произведен анализ рынка с решениями с использованием данной технологии. Была разработана модель мобильного приложения для оптимизации энергопотребления электроэнергии. Ð’ конце работы были сформированы преимущества данного решения. Описание разделов работы: 1. Ð’ первом разделе, кратко описаны основные понятия и технологии для оптимизации потребления энергии. 2. Во втором разделе были предоставлены решения, существующие на рынке. 3. Ð’ третьем разделе кратко описаны используемые программные средства для разработки модели мобильного приложения 4. Ð’ четвертом разделе был произведен обзор модели мобильного приложения оптимизации энергопотребления и сделаны выводы данного решения. This work is devoted to reviews of solutions for optimizing energy consumption using the technologies of the Virtual Power Plant. A review of Industry 4.0 technologies was conducted. Market analysis with solutions using this technology has been made. A mobile application model was developed to optimize energy consumption of electricity. At the end of the work, the advantages of this solution were formed. Description of sections of work: 1. The first section summarizes the basic concepts and technologies for optimizing energy consumption. 2. In the second section of the market. 3. In the third section, the used software tools for developing models of mobile applications are briefly available. 4. In the fourth section, an overview of the models of mobile applications for optimizing energy consumption was made and the conclusions of this solution were drawn.

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  • Штаммы используемых дрожжей рода Rhodotorula – Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum – получены из Всерос-сийской коллекции культур сельскохозяйственного назначения научно-исследовательского института сельскохозяйственной микробиологии. Данная работа посвящена исследованию каротиногенеза дрожжами ро-да Rhodotorula различных штаммов. Рассматривались такие показатели, как морфометрические характеристики клеток, количество накопленных кароти-ноидов, соотношение почкующихся и мертвых клеток в питательной среде в процессе культивирования, соотношение оптической плотности и количества клеток, формы содержащихся каротиноидов в клетках. При достижении поставленной цели были решены следующие задачи: – Изучить литературные источники по теме исследования; – На основе литературных данных смоделировать питательные среды для анализа влияния химического состава на биосинтез каротиноидов; – Произвести посев из пробирок со скошенным агаром с музейными штаммами на смоделированные плотные питательные среды; – Проанализировать культуральные признаки выросших колоний; – Исследовать морфологические и физиологические свойства выросших культур дрожжей разных штаммов; – Пересеять дрожжи разных штаммов с плотной питательной среды на жидкую питательную среду для наблюдения и анализа каротиногенеза; – Дать оценку накопления каротиноидов дрожжами Rhodotorula при культивировании по периодической схеме. Объектами исследования были чистые культуры дрожжей Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum. Экспериментально-исследовательская работа проводилась в научной микробиологической лаборатории Высшей школы биотехнологии и пище-вых производств Санкт-Петербургского Политехнического университета Петра Великого в Институте Биомедицинских Систем и Биотехнологий. Анализируемыми показателями были: морфометрические характеристи-ки клеток, количество накопленных каротиноидов физиологическое состоя-ние клеток в питательной среде в процессе культивирования, соотношение оптической плотности и количества клеток, формы содержащихся каротино-идов в клетках. Ð’ ходе исследования показано, что обогащение питательной среды до-полнительными источниками азота увеличивает размер клеток, ускоряет рост и размножение дрожжей и повышает количество накапливаемых каро-тиноидов. При написание литературного обзора использовались следующие базы данных: eLIBRARY.RU, Scopus, РНБ, ScienceDirect, CyberLeninka, Re-searchGate, Wiley Online Library. Статистическую обработку экспериментальных данных осуществляли с использованием пакета программ Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel. The strains of the used yeasts of the genus Rhodotorula – Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum – were obtained from the All-Russian Collection of Agricultural Cultures of the Research Institute of Agri-cultural Microbiology. This work is devoted to the study of carotenogenesis by yeasts of the genus Rhodotorula of various strains. Such indicators as morphometric characteristics of cells, the amount of accumulated carotenoids, the ratio of budding and dead cells in the nutrient medium during cultivation, the ratio of optical density and number of cells, and the forms of carotenoids contained in cells were considered. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: – To study literary sources on the research topic; – Based on literature data, simulate nutrient media to analyze the effect of chemical composition on the biosynthesis of carotenoids; – Inoculate from test tubes with slant agar with museum strains on simulat-ed dense nutrient media; – Analyze the cultural characteristics of grown colonies; – Investigate the morphological and physiological properties of grown yeast cultures of different strains; – Transfer yeast of different strains from solid nutrient medium to liquid nu-trient medium for observation and analysis of carotenogenesis; – To evaluate the accumulation of carotenoids by the yeast Rhodotorula dur-ing cultivation according to a periodic scheme. The objects of the study were pure cultures of the yeast Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum. Experimental research work was carried out in the scientific microbiological laboratory of the Higher School of Biotechnology and Food Production of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University at the Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnologies. The parameters analyzed were: morphometric characteristics of cells, the amount of accumulated carotenoids, the physiological state of cells in the nutrient medium during cultivation, the ratio of optical density and cell number, and the forms of carotenoids contained in cells. The study showed that the enrichment of the nutrient medium with addition-al sources of nitrogen increases the size of cells, accelerates the growth and re-production of yeast and increases the amount of accumulated carotenoids. When writing the literature review, the following databases were used: eLI-BRARY.RU, Scopus, RNL, ScienceDirect, CyberLeninka, ResearchGate, Wiley Online Library. Statistical processing of experimental data was carried out using the Mi-crosoft Word, Microsoft Excel software package.

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  • An analytical review of the processes occurring in the soil in its natural state is given. Analysis of the calculations and the historical data based on the structure of the sown areas and crop yields, shows that changes in the natural state of the soil are associated with the development of agricultural production and replacing biocenoses by agrocenoses, as well as the changes in the main environmental factors that led to the replacement of natural land by boghara. The article discusses the dynamics of changes in soil biomass reserves in the natural and rainfed conditions, and their changes due to replacement of the shares of these lands, on the example of the agricultural land in the Timashevsky district, the Krasnodar Territory. Calculations showed that, with the complete replacement of biocenoses by agrocenoses, there was a sharp decline in the total biomass of soil. Illustrative materials describing the dynamics of changes in these processes are presented. The process of accumulating biomass reserves due to incoming plant biomass and reducing them due to humification of plant and root residues in the soil is described. The question of the stabilization of the soil biomass reserves at a stable yield of agricultural crops was considered. Analysis of the calculations shows that, despite the recent increase in crop yields, the total biomass reserves remain low, the flow of humus in the soil lessens, and its fertility decreases. Приведен аналитический обзор протекающих процессов в почве в естественном состоянии. Анализ расчетов, исторических данных основанный на структуре посевных площадей и урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур, показывает, что изменения естественного состояния почв связаны с развитием сельскохозяйственного производства, заменой биоценозов на агроценозы и изменением основных средообразующих факторов, что привело к замене естественных угодий на богару. В статье рассмотрена динамика изменения запасов биомассы почвы в естественных и богарных условиях, и их изменение, вследствие замены долей этих угодий, на примере сельскохозяйственных земель Тимашевского района Краснодарского края. Расчеты показали, что, при полной замене биоценозов на агроценозы, произошло резкое сокращение общих запасов биомассы почвы. Приведены иллюстрационные материалы, характеризующие динамику изменения этих процессов. Описан процесс накопления запасов биомассы за счет поступающей фитомассы растений и уменьшения их за счет гумификации растительных и корневых остатков, находящихся в почве. Рассмотрен вопрос стабилизации запасов биомассы почвы при стабильных показателях урожая сельскохозяйственных культур. Анализ расчетов показывает, что не смотря на то, что в последние время происходит увеличение урожая сельскохозяйственных культур, общие запасы биомассы остаются на низком уровне, уменьшается поступление гумуса в почву,снижается ее плодородие. №2(90) (2019)

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Dmitry Yu. Malyshev; Semen V. Syrodoy;

    One of the most pressing problems of our time is environmental safety. The pollution of the Earth’s atmosphere in recent decades is caused by work at thermal power plants burning coal in the territories of the most popular states (USA, China, India, etc.). The use of a new class of fuel – bio-water-coal – can significantly reduce emissions of man-made gases, generated during combustion of coal in the furnaces of steam and hot water boilers, into the Earth’s atmosphere, expand the raw materials base of the modern thermal power plants and increase the resource efficiency of coal-fired power systems. The aim of the research is to study the influence of the concentration composition on the integral characteristics of ignition of the drops of the biohydrocarbon fuels under high-temperature heating. Object: a water-coal suspension based on brand T coal, water and spruce needles. In the course of the experimental studies, the following mass concentrations of coal and biomass were considered 50/0 %, 45/5 %, 40/10 %, 35/15 %, respectively (50 % – water). Method: experimental determination using the high-speed Photron FASTCAM CA4 video camera of the temporal characteristics of ignition of drops of the bio-water-coal suspensions under conditions corresponding to the heating intensity of the combustion chambers of the steam and hot water boilers; registration of medium temperature using chromel-alumel thermocouples. Results. The effect of mass concentration of forest combustible material on ignition delay times (tign) of water-coal fuels has been established. It was shown that when the fuel composition contains 15 % of biomass, the ignition delay times are reduced by more than three times compared with water-coal fuel without adding biomass at relatively low temperatures of the combustion medium. The results of experimental studies are also the basis for development of combustion models of liquid composite fuels.

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  • In the course of the work, an analysis was made of modern technologies for the growth of microalgae, as well as the growth of biomass, depending on various conditions for its cultivation. Examples of the use of photobioreactors with microalgae in buildings and structures were considered. The advantages of using biomodules in the atrium of an office building, as opposed to being placed on the facade, were also considered: stable temperature conditions, long-term illumination, protection against damage, etc. Flat photobioreactors characterized by high productivity and ease of maintenance were selected. Using the results of research by domestic and foreign scientists, the growth of microalgae biomass was estimated taking into account the light regime and the temperature regime of the atrium of the business center. The work considers several methods for assessing the biogas potential of microalgae, and the results of laboratory studies of the biodegradation of biomass Chlorella sorokiniana, performed by employees of the Department of “Civil Engineering and Applied Ecology” are obtained. The photobioreactor productivity and carbon dioxide consumption by microalgae were estimated in the atrium of the business center. An analysis of the results of studies conducted in the work showed the promise of using photobioreactors with microalgae to absorb an excess concentration of carbon dioxide contained in the air and the power supply of office buildings. В ходе работы был выполнен анализ современных технологий выращивания микроводорослей, а также прироста биомассы в зависимости от различных условий ее культивирования. Были рассмотрены примеры применения фотобиореакторов с микроводорослями в зданиях и сооружениях. Также были рассмотрены преимущества использования биомодулей в атриуме офисного здания в отличие от размещения на фасаде: стабильный температурный режим, продолжительная освещенность, защищенность от повреждений и др. Выбраны плоские фотобиореакторы, характеризуемые высокой продуктивностью и простотой обслуживания. С использованием результатов исследований отечественных и зарубежных ученых произведена оценка прироста биомассы микроводорослей с учетом режима освещенности и температурного режима атриума бизнес-центра. В работе рассмотрены несколько методов для оценки биогазового потенциала микроводорослей, и получены результаты лабораторных исследований биоразложения биомассы Chlorella sorokiniana, выполненные сотрудниками кафедры ГСиПЭ. Произведена оценка продуктивности фотобиореактора и потребления углекислого газа микроводорослями в атриуме бизнес-центра. Анализ результатов исследований, проведенных в работе, показал перспективность использования фотобиореакторов с микроводорослями для поглощения избыточной концентрации углекислого газа, содержащегося в воздухе, и энергоснабжения офисных зданий.

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  • The conversion of power plants to combustion of solid fuel mixtures based on coal and biomass can promote the reduction of the consumption of solid fossil fuels and improve the environmental performance of power units. The purpose of this study is the thermal analysis of brown coals, aspen sawdust and their mixtures in the air flow at a heating rate of 20 °C/min. The temperatures at which ignition of the coke residue of fuels occurs (360 °C for coal and 301 °C for biomass) and other combustion characteristics under conditions of nonisothermal heating have been determined. The addition of a sawdust to coal is shown to improve the combustion characteristics. With an increase in the sawdust mass fraction in the mixture, the temperature ranges of the main stages of combustion of volatile substances and coke residue are shifted towards lower temperatures thus reducing the temperature at which the combustion of mixtures is completed. Перевод энергетических установок на сжигание твердотопливных смесей на основе угля и биомассы может способствовать снижению потребления твердого ископаемого топлива, а также улучшению их экологических характеристики. Цель работы — термический анализ бурого угля, опилок осины и их смесей в потоке воздуха со скоростью нагрева 20 °С/мин. Установлены температуры, при которых происходит воспламенение коксового остатка топлив (360 °С для угля и 301 °С для биомассы), и другие характеристики горения в условиях неизотермического нагрева. Показано, что добавление опилок к углю улучшает характеристики горения. При увеличении массовой доли опилок в смеси диапазоны температур основных стадий горения летучих веществ и коксового остатка смещаются в область более низких температур, снижая температуру, при которой завершается процесс горения смесей. Промышленная энергетика, Выпуск 7 2023, Pages 37-43

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Roman B. Tabakaev; Dariga B. Altynbaeva; Kanipa T. Ibraeva; Alexander S. Zavorin;

    The relevance of the study is caused by the tendency to increase the share of renewable energy in the fuel and energy balance to reduce the harmful effects on the environment. The main aim is to determine the kinetic parameters of biomass pyrolysis by G. Friedman's method based on the results of differential thermal analysis. Objects: straw, grain processing waste (wheat bran), cedar nutshell, pine sawdust, lowland peat of the Sukhovskoe field, as well as livestock waste from cattle. Methods. Thermotechnicalcharacteristics of biomass samples are determined according to certified methods (GOST 11305-2013, GOST 11306-2013, GOST R 54186-2010, GOST R 56881-2016, GOST 32990-2014); values ​​of the calorific value were determined using the ABK-1 calorimeter (RET, Russia) in accordance with GOST 147-2013 (ISO 1928-2009); elemental analysis of its organic part was carried out on a Vario Micro Cube (Elementar, Germany) device; the kinetic characteristics of low-temperature pyrolysis of biomass were determined by G. Friedman's method based on differential thermal analysis carried out at a temperature of 313–1273 K at a heating rate of 5, 15 and 30 K/min. Results. Thermal decomposition of biomass in the range of 313–1273 K occurs in two stages: the first stage proceeds in the temperature range from 463–488 to 623–653 K and is characterized by a sharp decrease in the mass of samples from 24 (peat) to 63% (sawdust); the second stage is observed from 623–653 to 873 K with a significantly smaller change in the mass of the samples (from 9 to 14%).With a further increase in temperature, the organic part of the samples practically did not undergo transformation, changes occurred only in the mineral part of peat at a temperature of 923–1123 K and were associated with the decomposition of calcium carbonate.The dependences of activation energy (Ea) on the degree of biomass conversion (w/w0) were determined, according to which its average values were calculated: for straw – 21,4 kJ mol–1; for sawdust – 20,7 kJ mol–1; for shell – 24,2 kJ mol–1; for livestock waste from cattle – 23,1 kJ mol–1; for bran – 33,1 kJ mol–1; for peat – 24,0 kJ mol–1.The values of the pre-exponential factor (A) for the studied biomass species are in the range 82,42–2377,01 h–1.

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    �� ������������ �������������������������� ������������������ �������������������� Al �� Fe �� ������������ �� ������������������������ �������������� ������������������ �� ���������������������� ����������. �������������������� ������������������������ �� ���������������������� ������������������������������, 0,1�� NaOH-����������������������, 1�� KCl-���������������������� �� ������������������������������������ �������� Al �� Fe �� ������������ �������������� ����������������������-������������������ ������������. �������������������� ���������������������� ���������������������������� �������������������� (����) ������ ���������������� ������������ ���������������� ������������. �� ���������������������� ���������������� �������������� �������� �������������������� Al ���� ����������-�������������� �� ������������������ ��������������������������. ������ Fe �������������� �������� ������������������������ �� ������������������ ���� ����������-������������������ �� ����������-�������������� ��������������������. �������������������� Al �� Fe �� ����������������, �� �������������� ���������������� �� ���������� ������������ ���� ������������ ������������ �� ���������������� ������������ ����������. ������������������ ������������������ �������������� Al �� Fe ������������������ ���� ���������������� ������������������ �� ������������������������ ������������. ������������������ ���������� �������������� �� ������������������������ �������� ��������������������-�������������������������� ������������������������ �� ���������������������������������� �� �������������������������� ���������������������� Al �� Fe �� �������������������� ����������������-���������������������� ���������������� ������������������. ������������������ ������������������������ ���������� �������� ������������������������ ������ ���������������������������� ���������������� ������������������������ �� ��������������, �� ���������� ������ ������������ �������������������������� �������������������� �� ������������������������. The article analyzes the biogenic mass exchange of Al and Fe in the soils and vegetation of the Khibiny and Lovozero tundras; it also determines concentrations and ratios of water-soluble, 0.1N NaOH-soluble, 1h KCl-soluble and oxalate-soluble forms of Al and Fe in soils of the main vertical-zonal belts. The study establishes the coefficient of biological absorption (Kb) for plants of different altitude zones and notes an increase in Al content from mountain-taiga to tundra biogeocenoses in most plants, while for Fe, the author notes an increase in concentrations in plants from mountain-tundra to mountain-taiga landscapes. The content of Al and Fe in biomass, in annual growth and fall, grows from the mountain tundra to the valley spruce taiga. The annual biogenic growth of Al and Fe decreases from the taiga landscape to the lichen tundra. These facts indicate a significant role of landscape and geochemical components in the redistribution and biological cycle of Al and Fe in the landscapes of the Khibinsk-Lovozersk alkaline province. The research materials can be used to intensify agricultural activity in the region, as well as to assess its environmental situation and bioindication. �������������������������� ������������-���������������������������������� ������������, ������������ 2 (116) 2022, Pages 95-102

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
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  • Энергетическая отрасль, себестоимость энергетической продукции, электрическая и тепловая энергия, необходимая валовая выручка, цифровые решения, цифровизация, продукция и услуги энергетической отрасли, тарифы и тарифное регулирование. Energy industry, cost of energy products, electricity and heat, required gross revenue, digital solutions, digitalization, products and services of the energy industry, tariffs and tariff regulation.

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    Authors: Alexander Bashta; Victor Smirnov;

    In this paper we evaluated the prospects for renewable energy, in order to meet the needs of agricultural facilities regions of Crimea. The current state of energy supply and the agro-industrial complex of Crimea are shown. Analyzed the potential for renewable energy in the agro-industrial regions of the Crimea. Given the prospects for renewable energy in order to meet the needs of agricultural facilities regions of Crimea.

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    Krymskij Naučnyj Vestnik
    Article . 2015
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      Krymskij Naučnyj Vestnik
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  • Данная работа посвящена обзору решений для оптимизации энергопотребления электроэнергии с помощью технологий Виртуальной электростанции. Был произведен обзор технологий Индустрии 4.0. Произведен анализ рынка с решениями с использованием данной технологии. Была разработана модель мобильного приложения для оптимизации энергопотребления электроэнергии. Ð’ конце работы были сформированы преимущества данного решения. Описание разделов работы: 1. Ð’ первом разделе, кратко описаны основные понятия и технологии для оптимизации потребления энергии. 2. Во втором разделе были предоставлены решения, существующие на рынке. 3. Ð’ третьем разделе кратко описаны используемые программные средства для разработки модели мобильного приложения 4. Ð’ четвертом разделе был произведен обзор модели мобильного приложения оптимизации энергопотребления и сделаны выводы данного решения. This work is devoted to reviews of solutions for optimizing energy consumption using the technologies of the Virtual Power Plant. A review of Industry 4.0 technologies was conducted. Market analysis with solutions using this technology has been made. A mobile application model was developed to optimize energy consumption of electricity. At the end of the work, the advantages of this solution were formed. Description of sections of work: 1. The first section summarizes the basic concepts and technologies for optimizing energy consumption. 2. In the second section of the market. 3. In the third section, the used software tools for developing models of mobile applications are briefly available. 4. In the fourth section, an overview of the models of mobile applications for optimizing energy consumption was made and the conclusions of this solution were drawn.

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  • Штаммы используемых дрожжей рода Rhodotorula – Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum – получены из Всерос-сийской коллекции культур сельскохозяйственного назначения научно-исследовательского института сельскохозяйственной микробиологии. Данная работа посвящена исследованию каротиногенеза дрожжами ро-да Rhodotorula различных штаммов. Рассматривались такие показатели, как морфометрические характеристики клеток, количество накопленных кароти-ноидов, соотношение почкующихся и мертвых клеток в питательной среде в процессе культивирования, соотношение оптической плотности и количества клеток, формы содержащихся каротиноидов в клетках. При достижении поставленной цели были решены следующие задачи: – Изучить литературные источники по теме исследования; – На основе литературных данных смоделировать питательные среды для анализа влияния химического состава на биосинтез каротиноидов; – Произвести посев из пробирок со скошенным агаром с музейными штаммами на смоделированные плотные питательные среды; – Проанализировать культуральные признаки выросших колоний; – Исследовать морфологические и физиологические свойства выросших культур дрожжей разных штаммов; – Пересеять дрожжи разных штаммов с плотной питательной среды на жидкую питательную среду для наблюдения и анализа каротиногенеза; – Дать оценку накопления каротиноидов дрожжами Rhodotorula при культивировании по периодической схеме. Объектами исследования были чистые культуры дрожжей Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum. Экспериментально-исследовательская работа проводилась в научной микробиологической лаборатории Высшей школы биотехнологии и пище-вых производств Санкт-Петербургского Политехнического университета Петра Великого в Институте Биомедицинских Систем и Биотехнологий. Анализируемыми показателями были: морфометрические характеристи-ки клеток, количество накопленных каротиноидов физиологическое состоя-ние клеток в питательной среде в процессе культивирования, соотношение оптической плотности и количества клеток, формы содержащихся каротино-идов в клетках. Ð’ ходе исследования показано, что обогащение питательной среды до-полнительными источниками азота увеличивает размер клеток, ускоряет рост и размножение дрожжей и повышает количество накапливаемых каро-тиноидов. При написание литературного обзора использовались следующие базы данных: eLIBRARY.RU, Scopus, РНБ, ScienceDirect, CyberLeninka, Re-searchGate, Wiley Online Library. Статистическую обработку экспериментальных данных осуществляли с использованием пакета программ Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel. The strains of the used yeasts of the genus Rhodotorula – Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum – were obtained from the All-Russian Collection of Agricultural Cultures of the Research Institute of Agri-cultural Microbiology. This work is devoted to the study of carotenogenesis by yeasts of the genus Rhodotorula of various strains. Such indicators as morphometric characteristics of cells, the amount of accumulated carotenoids, the ratio of budding and dead cells in the nutrient medium during cultivation, the ratio of optical density and number of cells, and the forms of carotenoids contained in cells were considered. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: – To study literary sources on the research topic; – Based on literature data, simulate nutrient media to analyze the effect of chemical composition on the biosynthesis of carotenoids; – Inoculate from test tubes with slant agar with museum strains on simulat-ed dense nutrient media; – Analyze the cultural characteristics of grown colonies; – Investigate the morphological and physiological properties of grown yeast cultures of different strains; – Transfer yeast of different strains from solid nutrient medium to liquid nu-trient medium for observation and analysis of carotenogenesis; – To evaluate the accumulation of carotenoids by the yeast Rhodotorula dur-ing cultivation according to a periodic scheme. The objects of the study were pure cultures of the yeast Rhodotorula sp.1025, Rhodotorula rubra 266, Rhodotorula roseum. Experimental research work was carried out in the scientific microbiological laboratory of the Higher School of Biotechnology and Food Production of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University at the Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnologies. The parameters analyzed were: morphometric characteristics of cells, the amount of accumulated carotenoids, the physiological state of cells in the nutrient medium during cultivation, the ratio of optical density and cell number, and the forms of carotenoids contained in cells. The study showed that the enrichment of the nutrient medium with addition-al sources of nitrogen increases the size of cells, accelerates the growth and re-production of yeast and increases the amount of accumulated carotenoids. When writing the literature review, the following databases were used: eLI-BRARY.RU, Scopus, RNL, ScienceDirect, CyberLeninka, ResearchGate, Wiley Online Library. Statistical processing of experimental data was carried out using the Mi-crosoft Word, Microsoft Excel software package.

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  • An analytical review of the processes occurring in the soil in its natural state is given. Analysis of the calculations and the historical data based on the structure of the sown areas and crop yields, shows that changes in the natural state of the soil are associated with the development of agricultural production and replacing biocenoses by agrocenoses, as well as the changes in the main environmental factors that led to the replacement of natural land by boghara. The article discusses the dynamics of changes in soil biomass reserves in the natural and rainfed conditions, and their changes due to replacement of the shares of these lands, on the example of the agricultural land in the Timashevsky district, the Krasnodar Territory. Calculations showed that, with the complete replacement of biocenoses by agrocenoses, there was a sharp decline in the total biomass of soil. Illustrative materials describing the dynamics of changes in these processes are presented. The process of accumulating biomass reserves due to incoming plant biomass and reducing them due to humification of plant and root residues in the soil is described. The question of the stabilization of the soil biomass reserves at a stable yield of agricultural crops was considered. Analysis of the calculations shows that, despite the recent increase in crop yields, the total biomass reserves remain low, the flow of humus in the soil lessens, and its fertility decreases. Приведен аналитический обзор протекающих процессов в почве в естественном состоянии. Анализ расчетов, исторических данных основанный на структуре посевных площадей и урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур, показывает, что изменения естественного состояния почв связаны с развитием сельскохозяйственного производства, заменой биоценозов на агроценозы и изменением основных средообразующих факторов, что привело к замене естественных угодий на богару. В статье рассмотрена динамика изменения запасов биомассы почвы в естественных и богарных условиях, и их изменение, вследствие замены долей этих угодий, на примере сельскохозяйственных земель Тимашевского района Краснодарского края. Расчеты показали, что, при полной замене биоценозов на агроценозы, произошло резкое сокращение общих запасов биомассы почвы. Приведены иллюстрационные материалы, характеризующие динамику изменения этих процессов. Описан процесс накопления запасов биомассы за счет поступающей фитомассы растений и уменьшения их за счет гумификации растительных и корневых остатков, находящихся в почве. Рассмотрен вопрос стабилизации запасов биомассы почвы при стабильных показателях урожая сельскохозяйственных культур. Анализ расчетов показывает, что не смотря на то, что в последние время происходит увеличение урожая сельскохозяйственных культур, общие запасы биомассы остаются на низком уровне, уменьшается поступление гумуса в почву,снижается ее плодородие. №2(90) (2019)

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