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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2021Publisher:Universidad de Costa Rica, Sede de Occidente Authors: Núñez Melvin, Cartín; Araya Alpízar, Carlomagno;El cambio climático es considerado el mayor desafío que enfrenta la humanidad. Durante los últimos 30 años cada década ha sido más caliente que la anterior. Este artículo es un análisis estadístico de la temperatura ambiental por medio de modelos lineales simples para conocer la tendencia promedio entre los años 2010 y 2019 en la Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes (Costa Rica). Para este estudio se usaron datos de una estación meteorológica ubicada en la reserva. La temperatura promedio ha variado en forma significativa entre los años 2010 y 2019, en la temporada seca la temperatura ha aumentado, pero en la temporada lluviosa ha disminuido. Se considera un modelo de crecimiento aritmético entre los años 2010-2019, se estima que la temperatura media de la REBAMB para la temporada seca sea 21.1o C para el 2030 y 22.42o C para el 2050. Por el contrario, suponiendo un modelo de regresión lineal simple, para la temporada lluviosa se espera que la temperatura sea 18.051 °C para el 2030 y 15.831 °C para el 2050. Las consecuencias de estos cambios sobre la biodiversidad de la Reserva Alberto Manuel Brenes aún no se conocen. Climate change is considered the greatest challenge facing humanity today. For the past 30 years, each decade has been hotter than the previous one. This article presents a statistical analysis of environmental temperature using simple linear models to investigate the trends of average temperature between 2010 and 2019 at the Alberto Manuel Brenes Biological Reserve (REBAMB), Costa Rica. Data was collected using a meteorological station located at the REBAMB. The average temperature has varied significantly between 2010 and 2019, temperatures have increased during the dry seasons and decreased during the rainy seasons. Projections made using an arithmetic growth model for the 2010-2019 period, estimate average temperatures of 21.11 °C and 22.42 °C for the dry seasons of 2030 and 2050, respectively. On the other hand, if a simple linear regression model is used to make the same projections for the wet seasons, the resulting average temperatures will be 18.051 °C and 15.831 °C. Is not yet known how these temperature changes will affect the biodiversity of the REBAMB.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2008 SpainAuthors: Ayestarán, Ignacio;Focusing on a global world, we should seek to understand the architecture of sustainable networks between the (real) biosphere and the (virtual) technoosphere, from the World Wide Web to the global ecology, from the Internet to Gaia in a symbiotic planet, where the Earth is a global brain/mind Desde un mundo global, deberíamos perseguir la comprensión de la arquitectura de redes sostenibles entre la biosfera (real) y la tecnoosfera (virtual), desde la World Wide Web hasta la ecología global, desde Internet a Gaia en un planeta simbiótico, donde la Tierra es un cerebro o mente global
Diposit Digital de D... arrow_drop_down Diposit Digital de Documents de la UABArticle . 2008License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Diposit Digital de Documents de la UABadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Diposit Digital de D... arrow_drop_down Diposit Digital de Documents de la UABArticle . 2008License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Diposit Digital de Documents de la UABadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2013 SpainPublisher:Universidad de Cantabria Authors: Cristóbal García, Jorge;De continuar con el ritmo de emisión de contaminantes alcanzado en los últimos años, y más concretamente de dióxido de carbono (CO2), las previsiones sobre su concentración en la atmósfera son dramáticas (por encima de 600 ppmv) con unas consecuencias irreversibles para el planeta. Para logar las reducciones de contaminantes que se acuerdan en las cumbres internacionales es necesario, entre otras medidas, la reducción de emisiones en la producción de electricidad a partir de combustibles fósiles, entre ellos el carbón. La presente Tesis Doctoral propone una metodología y una serie de herramientas de toma de decisión cuyo fin es evaluar y aumentar la sostenibilidad del proceso de generación de electricidad a partir del carbón. Esta metodología está basada en programación matemática para resolver problemas de optimización multi-objetivo. Además es aplicable a un amplio rango de procesos e industrias que se enfrenten a problemas de decisión similares If the pollutant emission level continues as usual in the late years, especially those of carbon dioxide (CO2), the atmosphere concentration projections are dramatic (above 600 ppmv) with irreversible consequences to the planet. In order to achieve the binding targets of reductions agreed in the international summit meetings, it is necessary the reduction of emissions from the electricity production from fossil-fueled power plants, especially coal-fired. The objective of this work is developing a methodology and providing tools that help in the decision making process in order to evaluate and enhance the sustainability of the electricity production process form coal. This methodology is based on mathematical programming that allows solving multi-objective optimization problems. Besides, it is applicable to a wide range of processes and industries that face similar decision problems.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2006Publisher:Universidad de Costa Rica Authors: Martínez Castillo, Róger;La agricultura subordinada al capital financiero internacional, mediante laagroindustria de alimentos e insumos, está bajo intereses que actúan con unalógica lucrativa.Los productos transgénicos tienen impactos negativos en la agricultura y laexpulsión de trabajadores rurales hacia áreas urbanas, incrementa en el uso deagroquímicos y la degradación nutritiva de la alimentación.Deben desarrollarse políticas de regulación controlados públicamente, paramonitorear, evaluar y evitar los riesgos sociales y ambientales de laagrobiotecnología. Agriculture subordinated to international financial capital, through agriculturalindustry of food and expenses, is under interests that act with a lucrative logic.Transgenic products have negative impacts on agriculture and displacement ofrural workers to urban areas, increasing the use of agrochemicals and thedeterioration of nourishment.Publicly controlled regulation policies must be developed, for monitoring,evaluating, and avoiding the social and environmental risks of agriculturalbiotechnology.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2017Publisher:Zenodo Authors: Martínez-Valderrama, J.;When visualizing main global macro magnitudes temporal trends, such as population or natural resource consumption, we find the same pattern: endless exponential growth. Anyone can understand that, in a finite planet, a non-stop dynamics is impossible. This behavior, inherently unstable, is complicated with the existence of delays. The runaway growth can reach three different steady states: (i) a gently approach to its carrying capacity; (ii) attain that state after a period of oscillations, or (iii) collapsing to a very stable state which is impossible to leave: zero resources and zero population. Climate Warming crisis, the over-discussed issue of the last times, show us that misunderstandings and bad management of environmental problems of anthropogenic origin, need a systemic comprehension and quick actions. The cocktail conformed by the global nature of economy and its impact on environment, with an unprecedented variety and scope, lead us to refer it as a Global Change. Solutions should be based on considering the interaction between different economies in the world and the environmental reinforcing problems. Diminishing unitary consumption, supported by technology, can help us to move to a new paradigm. Hence, consumption should be more virtual than physical, relaxing once and for all the pressure on nature and avoiding the collapse that has already sunken many other civilizations. {"references": ["Mart\u00ednez Valderrama, J. 2017. El cambio global desde una perspectiva sist\u00e9mica: propuestas para evitar el colapso. Revista de Responsabilidad Social de la Empresa. N\u00ba 27-2017. Cuatrimestre III: 106 - 126. ISSN: 1888-9638"]}
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visibility 16visibility views 16 download downloads 60 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2006Authors: Padilla, Emilio|||0000-0002-9510-8262; Roca Jusmet, Jordi|||0000-0001-7766-3759;En el presente artículo analizamos los potenciales efectos distributivos de las políticas ambientales, centrándonos en el caso de la imposición sobre el dióxido de carbono y las energías no renovables. Se estudian las consecuencias de un impuesto sobre las emisiones de CO2 aplicado en el ámbito de la Unión Europea analizando los efectos distributivos entre países. Se contemplan tres posibles modelos de impuesto: un modelo puro sobre las emisiones, un modelo mixto energía no renovable-CO2 y un modelo sobre el CO2 y la energía nuclear. El ámbito de análisis son los 25 países miembros de la UE y se mide el nivel de progresividad- regresividad de los diferentes modelos incorporando también los efectos de un retorno de los ingresos recaudados proporcionalmente a la población de cada país. El análisis es estático, pero concluye con algunas consideraciones sobre los posibles efectos dinámicos de este tipo de impuesto. In this article we analyse the potential distributive effects of environmental policies, focussing on the case of taxes on carbon dioxide and non-renewable energies. We study the potential consequences of a tax on CO2 emissions applied at the European Union level, and we analyse the distributive effects across countries. We study three possible models of tax: a pure model of tax on emissions, a mixed model of tax on non-renewable energy and CO2, and a model of a tax on CO2 and nuclear power energy. The analysis considers the 25 European Union member countries. We measure the degree of progressivity-regressivity of the different models, and we also take into account the effects of returning the collected income in proportion to each country population. The analysis is basically a static one, but we conclude with some considerations about the possible dynamic effects of this type of tax.
Recolector de Cienci... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2006Data sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Recolector de Cienci... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2006Data sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2015Authors: Garrido, Jaime; Rodríguez, Ignacio; Vallejos-Romero, Arturo;El estudio investiga las respuestas de la comunidad local al proyecto Parque Eólico Chiloé (PECh) que pretende instalarse en la zona de Mar Brava, comuna de Ancud, Chile. Al igual que en muchos otros casos de conflictos sociales por la instalación de parques eólicos alrededor del mundo, en este estudio de caso nos encontramos en presencia de una opinión pública mayoritaria que se muestra a favor de este tipo de energía, pero que se opone a la instalación de un parque eólico concreto en un territorio determinado. En este trabajo, se presentan los resultados de una investigación exploratoria que tuvo como objetivo la comprensión de las respuestas de la comunidad local ante el envío del proyecto PECh al Sistema de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental. Para ello, se propuso un diseño cualitativo, utilizando preferentemente técnicas dialógicas de indagación. La muestra fue intencionada e identificó a los principales actores que protagonizan el conflicto. Los resultados muestran que el surgimiento de la tensión se vincula con una multiplicidad de factores: a) la percepción de daño al patrimonio natural y cultural; b) la percepción de los fuertes efectos negativos del proyecto en las actividades productivas locales; c) la desconfianza en los promotores de la iniciativa, en las autoridades locales y en la institucionalidad ambiental, y d) la amenaza a los proyectos de vida de los habitantes de la zona. Concluimos que, si se quiere impulsar el desarrollo de las energías limpias para mitigar los efectos del cambio climático, debería prestarse una mayor atención a estos aspectos. L'estudi investiga les respostes de la comunitat local al projecte Parque Eólico Chiloé (PECh) que pretén instal·lar-se a la zona de Mar Brava, municipi d'Ancud, Xile. Igual que en molts altres casos de conflictes socials per la instal·lació de parcs eòlics arreu del món, en aquest estudi de cas ens trobem en presència d'una opinió pública majoritària que es mostra a favor d'aquest tipus d'energia, però que s'oposa a la instal·lació d'un parc eòlic concret en un territori determinat. En aquest treball, es presenten els resultats d'una recerca exploratòria que va tenir com a objectiu la comprensió de les respostes de la comunitat local davant l'enviament del projecte PECh al Sistema d'Avaluació d'Impacte Ambiental. Per a això, es va proposar un disseny qualitatiu, utilitzant preferentment tècniques dialògiques d'indagació. La mostra va ser intencionada i va identificar els actors principals que protagonitzen el conflicte. Els resultats mostren que el sorgiment de la tensió es vincula amb una multiplicitat de factors: a) la percepció de dany al patrimoni natural i cultural; b) la percepció dels forts efectes negatius del projecte en les activitats productives locals; c) la desconfiança en els promotors de la iniciativa, en les autoritats locals i en la institucionalitat ambiental, i d) l'amenaça als projectes de vida dels habitants de la zona. Concloem que, si es vol impulsar el desenvolupament de les energies netes per mitigar els efectes del canvi climàtic, hauria de prestar-se més atenció a aquests aspectes. This study explores the responses of the local community to the Parque eólico Chiloé (PECh) project, which is to be installed in the Mar Brava area of Ancud, Chile. Like many other social conflicts involving wind energy developments that have arisen around the world, we find significant public support for wind energy but resistance by the local population to a particular wind farm development. This paper presents the results of an exploratory research study whose aim was to understand the local community's responses to the PECh project sent to the Environmental Impact Assessment System in Chile. A qualitative design primarily with dialogic inquiry techniques has been used. The sample was intentional, identifying the main actors involved in the conflict. The results show that the social conflict is related to multiple factors: a) the perception of damages to natural and cultural heritage; b) the perception of negative strong effects that the wind farm development would have on local productive activities; c) local community distrust towards the company, local authorities and environmental regulators, and d) the threat to life projects of the local people. In order to drive the sustainable development of renewable energy to mitigate the effects of climate change, more attention should be paid to these aspects.
Recolector de Cienci... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2015License: CC BY NCData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2011 SpainPublisher:Diputación General de Aragón. Departamento de Presidencia Authors: Rinaudo, María Eugenia;El cambio climático, es hoy en día, una de las problemáticas socio-ambientales mas importantes que deberá enfrentar la humanidad para su misma salvación. Sin contar con el equilibrio necesario que deberá tener en cuenta el hombre con el sistema ambiental para de esta forma, poder establecer los naturales parámetros en la biosfera. Por este motivo, la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, desde hace muchos años, se han unido a este esfuerzo y ha consolidado en Protocolos, Reglamentos y Conferencias Internacionales el trabajo en equipo de países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo de todo el mundo, estableciendo, tecnologías a favor del ambiente, financiamientos «verdes» y demás mecanismos favorables al entorno y al hombre. En este caso, la última Conferencia Internacional gestionada por las Naciones Unidas, fue el año pasado, 2010, en Cancún, donde se celebro la COP-16 y la CMP-6 y donde representantes de grandes y pequeños países de todo el mundofueron los protagonistas del evento, en el cual, se lograron establecer financiamientos a favor de tecnologías «verdes» y desarrollos limpios, así como próximas actividades para proteger los diversos ecosistemas y especies animales. Y sobre todo, la principal meta de esta COP fue restablecer la confianza de las poblaciones del mundo entero en una próxima unión consolidada entre todos los países para poder luchar en contra del cambio climático. The climate change is today one of the social and environment problems most important that will face thehumanity for his own salvation. Not to mention, with the necessary balance that must take account of the man with the environmental system, to thus natural to establish the parameters in the biosphere. For this reason, the United Nations, for many years, has joined this effort and has built in Protocols, Regulationsand International Conferences, the teamwork of both developed and developing countries worldwide, establishing, technologies for the environment, financing «green» and other mechanisms pro-environment and man. In this case, the last International Conference maintained by the United Nations, was last year, 2010, in Cancun, where he held the COP-16 and CMP-6, where representatives of large and small countries around the world were the protagonists of this event, which is able to establish funding for «green» technologies and clean development, and future activities to protect the various ecosystems and animal species. And above all, the main goal of the COP was to restore the confidence of the peoples of the world for an upcoming union established among all countries to fight climate change.
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visibility 10visibility views 10 download downloads 10 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2019Publisher:Universidad de Costa Rica Authors: Centeno Mora, Erick; Murillo Marín, Adrián;Este artículo aborda el tema del tratamiento sostenible de las aguas residuales en pequeñas comunidades de Costa Rica. Aunque esfuerzos recientes muestran interés político en mejorar el rezago histórico que sufre el país en infraestructura sanitaria, existen pocas referencias que guíen el proceso de selección de la tecnología y escala más adecuadas para los sistemas a implantar. Este trabajo provee un análisis de tres tecnologías para plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) de aplicación factible en el país. Para ello se estimó la demanda de área (DA), el costo constructivo (CC) y el costo de operación y mantenimiento (CO&M) de PTAR en diferentes escalas. Se mostró que los sistemas con humedal construido tienen la mayor DA y los menores CC y CO&M. Los sistemas con reactor anaerobio de flujo ascendente de manto de lodo seguido de filtro biológico percolador (UASB + FBP) tuvieron DA ligeramente mayores a las de los sistemas de lodos activados de aireación extendida (LAE), con CC ligeramente inferiores para la primera tecnología y CO&M de 50 a 100% mayores para los LAE. El estudio comprobó que la práctica actual de uso extendido de sistemas LAE en pequeña escala no resulta la opción más sostenible, por lo que se insta a que en el futuro se consideren escalas de PTAR mayores y se amplíe el abanico de tecnologías utilizadas en el país, aprovechando algunas recientes experiencias exitosas en países con condiciones similares. This article discusses the sustainable treatment of sewage for small communities in Costa Rica. Although recent efforts show a political interest in improving the country's historical lag in sanitation infrastructure, there are few references that guide the selection process of the most appropriate technology and scale for the systems to be installed. This work provides an analysis of three technologies for wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of feasible application in the country. For this, the area demand (AD), the building cost (BC) and the operation and maintenance cost (O&MC) of STPs at different scales were estimated. It was shown that systems with constructed wetland have the highest AD and the lowest BC and O&MC. The systems with upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor followed by trickling filter (UASB + TF) had a larger AD than those of activated sludge with extended aeration (ASE), with BC smaller for the first technology and CO&M 50 to 100% higher for ASE. The study found that the current practice of extended use of small-scale ASE systems is not the most sustainable option. Thus, it is advised that future WWTP consider larger scales and alternative technologies, emulating some recent successful experiences in countries with similar conditions.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2020Authors: Olcina Cantos, Jorge|||0000-0002-4846-8126;La climatología es la rama que desarrolla en mayor grado el principio rector de la geografía: el estudio de las relaciones entre el medio y el ser humano, así como de sus diferentes manifestaciones sobre la superficie terrestre. La climatología española compite en la actualidad en igualdad de condiciones con el análisis climático internacional. Ha incluido nuevos planteamientos teóricos y métodos de trabajo que proporcionan resultados publicados en revistas y en monografías de impacto. Uno de los temas principales de la investigación española en dicho ámbito es el cambio climático actual y los efectos que ejerce en los elementos atmosféricos. El litoral mediterráneo es un buen laboratorio para profundizar en esta cuestión, puesto que ya manifiesta consecuencias que, si mantienen su tendencia actual, pueden comportar efectos en las actividades económicas y en la propia ocupación del territorio. En el presente artículo se propone una agenda de trabajo para que, en este contexto, la climatología española se convierta en la rama protagonista de la investigación y la docencia geográfica española en los próximos años. La climatologia és la branca que desenvolupa el principi rector de la geografia en un grau més elevat: l'estudi de les relacions entre el medi i l'ésser humà, com també de les diferents manifestacions que realitza sobre la superfície terrestre. La climatologia espanyola competeix actualment en igualtat de condicions amb l'anàlisi climàtica internacional. Ha inclòs plantejaments teòrics i mètodes de treball nous que proporcionen resultats publicats en revistes i monografies d'impacte. Un dels temes principals de la investigació espanyola en aquest àmbit és el canvi climàtic actual i els efectes que exerceix en els elements atmosfèrics. El litoral mediterrani és un bon laboratori per aprofundir més en aquesta qüestió, atès que ja manifesta conseqüències que, si mantenen la seva tendència actual, poden comportar efectes en les activitats econòmiques i en la pròpia ocupació del territori. Al present article s'hi proposa una agenda de treball perquè, en aquest context, la climatologia espanyola es converteixi en la branca protagonista de la investigació i la docència geogràfica espanyola en els propers anys. La climatologie est la branche géographie qui développe le plus le principe directeur de cette dernière : l'étude des relations entre l'environnement et l'être humain et leurs différentes manifestations à la surface de la Terre. La climatologie espagnole est actuellement en concurrence avec la recherche internationale sur le climat. Elle a inclus de nouvelles approches théoriques et des méthodes de travail qui fournissent des résultats publiés dans des revues et des monographies à fort impact. L'un des principaux thèmes de la recherche sur le climat espagnol est le changement climatique actuel et ses effets sur les éléments atmosphériques. La côte méditerranéenne constitue un bon laboratoire de recherche sur cette question qui manifeste déjà des conséquences qui, si elles maintiennent leur tendance actuelle, peuvent avoir des effets sur les activités économiques et sur l'occupation du territoire lui-même. Un programme de travail est proposé pour que la climatologie espagnole, dans ce contexte, devienne la principale branche géographique de la recherche et de l'enseignement géographiques espagnols au cours des prochaines années. Climatology is the branch of geography that, to a greater extent, responds to the main objective of the field: the study of the relationships between the environment and human beings and their different manifestations on the earth's surface. Spanish climatology is currently competing on equal terms with international climate research through the contribution of new theoretical approaches and methods and the dissemination of results in high-impact international journals. One of the main topics of Spanish climate research is the current climate change and its effects on atmospheric elements. The Mediterranean coast is a good laboratory for investigating an issue whose consequences are already being felt and, if the current trend is maintained, can have effects on economic activities and spatial occupation. In this context, a work agenda is proposed for Spanish climatology to become the main geographical branch of Spanish geographic research and teaching in the next years.
Recolector de Cienci... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2020License: CC BY NCData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Recolector de Cienci... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2020License: CC BY NCData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2021Publisher:Universidad de Costa Rica, Sede de Occidente Authors: Núñez Melvin, Cartín; Araya Alpízar, Carlomagno;El cambio climático es considerado el mayor desafío que enfrenta la humanidad. Durante los últimos 30 años cada década ha sido más caliente que la anterior. Este artículo es un análisis estadístico de la temperatura ambiental por medio de modelos lineales simples para conocer la tendencia promedio entre los años 2010 y 2019 en la Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes (Costa Rica). Para este estudio se usaron datos de una estación meteorológica ubicada en la reserva. La temperatura promedio ha variado en forma significativa entre los años 2010 y 2019, en la temporada seca la temperatura ha aumentado, pero en la temporada lluviosa ha disminuido. Se considera un modelo de crecimiento aritmético entre los años 2010-2019, se estima que la temperatura media de la REBAMB para la temporada seca sea 21.1o C para el 2030 y 22.42o C para el 2050. Por el contrario, suponiendo un modelo de regresión lineal simple, para la temporada lluviosa se espera que la temperatura sea 18.051 °C para el 2030 y 15.831 °C para el 2050. Las consecuencias de estos cambios sobre la biodiversidad de la Reserva Alberto Manuel Brenes aún no se conocen. Climate change is considered the greatest challenge facing humanity today. For the past 30 years, each decade has been hotter than the previous one. This article presents a statistical analysis of environmental temperature using simple linear models to investigate the trends of average temperature between 2010 and 2019 at the Alberto Manuel Brenes Biological Reserve (REBAMB), Costa Rica. Data was collected using a meteorological station located at the REBAMB. The average temperature has varied significantly between 2010 and 2019, temperatures have increased during the dry seasons and decreased during the rainy seasons. Projections made using an arithmetic growth model for the 2010-2019 period, estimate average temperatures of 21.11 °C and 22.42 °C for the dry seasons of 2030 and 2050, respectively. On the other hand, if a simple linear regression model is used to make the same projections for the wet seasons, the resulting average temperatures will be 18.051 °C and 15.831 °C. Is not yet known how these temperature changes will affect the biodiversity of the REBAMB.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2008 SpainAuthors: Ayestarán, Ignacio;Focusing on a global world, we should seek to understand the architecture of sustainable networks between the (real) biosphere and the (virtual) technoosphere, from the World Wide Web to the global ecology, from the Internet to Gaia in a symbiotic planet, where the Earth is a global brain/mind Desde un mundo global, deberíamos perseguir la comprensión de la arquitectura de redes sostenibles entre la biosfera (real) y la tecnoosfera (virtual), desde la World Wide Web hasta la ecología global, desde Internet a Gaia en un planeta simbiótico, donde la Tierra es un cerebro o mente global
Diposit Digital de D... arrow_drop_down Diposit Digital de Documents de la UABArticle . 2008License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Diposit Digital de Documents de la UABadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Diposit Digital de D... arrow_drop_down Diposit Digital de Documents de la UABArticle . 2008License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Diposit Digital de Documents de la UABadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2013 SpainPublisher:Universidad de Cantabria Authors: Cristóbal García, Jorge;De continuar con el ritmo de emisión de contaminantes alcanzado en los últimos años, y más concretamente de dióxido de carbono (CO2), las previsiones sobre su concentración en la atmósfera son dramáticas (por encima de 600 ppmv) con unas consecuencias irreversibles para el planeta. Para logar las reducciones de contaminantes que se acuerdan en las cumbres internacionales es necesario, entre otras medidas, la reducción de emisiones en la producción de electricidad a partir de combustibles fósiles, entre ellos el carbón. La presente Tesis Doctoral propone una metodología y una serie de herramientas de toma de decisión cuyo fin es evaluar y aumentar la sostenibilidad del proceso de generación de electricidad a partir del carbón. Esta metodología está basada en programación matemática para resolver problemas de optimización multi-objetivo. Además es aplicable a un amplio rango de procesos e industrias que se enfrenten a problemas de decisión similares If the pollutant emission level continues as usual in the late years, especially those of carbon dioxide (CO2), the atmosphere concentration projections are dramatic (above 600 ppmv) with irreversible consequences to the planet. In order to achieve the binding targets of reductions agreed in the international summit meetings, it is necessary the reduction of emissions from the electricity production from fossil-fueled power plants, especially coal-fired. The objective of this work is developing a methodology and providing tools that help in the decision making process in order to evaluate and enhance the sustainability of the electricity production process form coal. This methodology is based on mathematical programming that allows solving multi-objective optimization problems. Besides, it is applicable to a wide range of processes and industries that face similar decision problems.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2006Publisher:Universidad de Costa Rica Authors: Martínez Castillo, Róger;La agricultura subordinada al capital financiero internacional, mediante laagroindustria de alimentos e insumos, está bajo intereses que actúan con unalógica lucrativa.Los productos transgénicos tienen impactos negativos en la agricultura y laexpulsión de trabajadores rurales hacia áreas urbanas, incrementa en el uso deagroquímicos y la degradación nutritiva de la alimentación.Deben desarrollarse políticas de regulación controlados públicamente, paramonitorear, evaluar y evitar los riesgos sociales y ambientales de laagrobiotecnología. Agriculture subordinated to international financial capital, through agriculturalindustry of food and expenses, is under interests that act with a lucrative logic.Transgenic products have negative impacts on agriculture and displacement ofrural workers to urban areas, increasing the use of agrochemicals and thedeterioration of nourishment.Publicly controlled regulation policies must be developed, for monitoring,evaluating, and avoiding the social and environmental risks of agriculturalbiotechnology.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2017Publisher:Zenodo Authors: Martínez-Valderrama, J.;When visualizing main global macro magnitudes temporal trends, such as population or natural resource consumption, we find the same pattern: endless exponential growth. Anyone can understand that, in a finite planet, a non-stop dynamics is impossible. This behavior, inherently unstable, is complicated with the existence of delays. The runaway growth can reach three different steady states: (i) a gently approach to its carrying capacity; (ii) attain that state after a period of oscillations, or (iii) collapsing to a very stable state which is impossible to leave: zero resources and zero population. Climate Warming crisis, the over-discussed issue of the last times, show us that misunderstandings and bad management of environmental problems of anthropogenic origin, need a systemic comprehension and quick actions. The cocktail conformed by the global nature of economy and its impact on environment, with an unprecedented variety and scope, lead us to refer it as a Global Change. Solutions should be based on considering the interaction between different economies in the world and the environmental reinforcing problems. Diminishing unitary consumption, supported by technology, can help us to move to a new paradigm. Hence, consumption should be more virtual than physical, relaxing once and for all the pressure on nature and avoiding the collapse that has already sunken many other civilizations. {"references": ["Mart\u00ednez Valderrama, J. 2017. El cambio global desde una perspectiva sist\u00e9mica: propuestas para evitar el colapso. Revista de Responsabilidad Social de la Empresa. N\u00ba 27-2017. Cuatrimestre III: 106 - 126. ISSN: 1888-9638"]}
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visibility 16visibility views 16 download downloads 60 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2006Authors: Padilla, Emilio|||0000-0002-9510-8262; Roca Jusmet, Jordi|||0000-0001-7766-3759;En el presente artículo analizamos los potenciales efectos distributivos de las políticas ambientales, centrándonos en el caso de la imposición sobre el dióxido de carbono y las energías no renovables. Se estudian las consecuencias de un impuesto sobre las emisiones de CO2 aplicado en el ámbito de la Unión Europea analizando los efectos distributivos entre países. Se contemplan tres posibles modelos de impuesto: un modelo puro sobre las emisiones, un modelo mixto energía no renovable-CO2 y un modelo sobre el CO2 y la energía nuclear. El ámbito de análisis son los 25 países miembros de la UE y se mide el nivel de progresividad- regresividad de los diferentes modelos incorporando también los efectos de un retorno de los ingresos recaudados proporcionalmente a la población de cada país. El análisis es estático, pero concluye con algunas consideraciones sobre los posibles efectos dinámicos de este tipo de impuesto. In this article we analyse the potential distributive effects of environmental policies, focussing on the case of taxes on carbon dioxide and non-renewable energies. We study the potential consequences of a tax on CO2 emissions applied at the European Union level, and we analyse the distributive effects across countries. We study three possible models of tax: a pure model of tax on emissions, a mixed model of tax on non-renewable energy and CO2, and a model of a tax on CO2 and nuclear power energy. The analysis considers the 25 European Union member countries. We measure the degree of progressivity-regressivity of the different models, and we also take into account the effects of returning the collected income in proportion to each country population. The analysis is basically a static one, but we conclude with some considerations about the possible dynamic effects of this type of tax.
Recolector de Cienci... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2006Data sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Recolector de Cienci... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2006Data sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2015Authors: Garrido, Jaime; Rodríguez, Ignacio; Vallejos-Romero, Arturo;El estudio investiga las respuestas de la comunidad local al proyecto Parque Eólico Chiloé (PECh) que pretende instalarse en la zona de Mar Brava, comuna de Ancud, Chile. Al igual que en muchos otros casos de conflictos sociales por la instalación de parques eólicos alrededor del mundo, en este estudio de caso nos encontramos en presencia de una opinión pública mayoritaria que se muestra a favor de este tipo de energía, pero que se opone a la instalación de un parque eólico concreto en un territorio determinado. En este trabajo, se presentan los resultados de una investigación exploratoria que tuvo como objetivo la comprensión de las respuestas de la comunidad local ante el envío del proyecto PECh al Sistema de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental. Para ello, se propuso un diseño cualitativo, utilizando preferentemente técnicas dialógicas de indagación. La muestra fue intencionada e identificó a los principales actores que protagonizan el conflicto. Los resultados muestran que el surgimiento de la tensión se vincula con una multiplicidad de factores: a) la percepción de daño al patrimonio natural y cultural; b) la percepción de los fuertes efectos negativos del proyecto en las actividades productivas locales; c) la desconfianza en los promotores de la iniciativa, en las autoridades locales y en la institucionalidad ambiental, y d) la amenaza a los proyectos de vida de los habitantes de la zona. Concluimos que, si se quiere impulsar el desarrollo de las energías limpias para mitigar los efectos del cambio climático, debería prestarse una mayor atención a estos aspectos. L'estudi investiga les respostes de la comunitat local al projecte Parque Eólico Chiloé (PECh) que pretén instal·lar-se a la zona de Mar Brava, municipi d'Ancud, Xile. Igual que en molts altres casos de conflictes socials per la instal·lació de parcs eòlics arreu del món, en aquest estudi de cas ens trobem en presència d'una opinió pública majoritària que es mostra a favor d'aquest tipus d'energia, però que s'oposa a la instal·lació d'un parc eòlic concret en un territori determinat. En aquest treball, es presenten els resultats d'una recerca exploratòria que va tenir com a objectiu la comprensió de les respostes de la comunitat local davant l'enviament del projecte PECh al Sistema d'Avaluació d'Impacte Ambiental. Per a això, es va proposar un disseny qualitatiu, utilitzant preferentment tècniques dialògiques d'indagació. La mostra va ser intencionada i va identificar els actors principals que protagonitzen el conflicte. Els resultats mostren que el sorgiment de la tensió es vincula amb una multiplicitat de factors: a) la percepció de dany al patrimoni natural i cultural; b) la percepció dels forts efectes negatius del projecte en les activitats productives locals; c) la desconfiança en els promotors de la iniciativa, en les autoritats locals i en la institucionalitat ambiental, i d) l'amenaça als projectes de vida dels habitants de la zona. Concloem que, si es vol impulsar el desenvolupament de les energies netes per mitigar els efectes del canvi climàtic, hauria de prestar-se més atenció a aquests aspectes. This study explores the responses of the local community to the Parque eólico Chiloé (PECh) project, which is to be installed in the Mar Brava area of Ancud, Chile. Like many other social conflicts involving wind energy developments that have arisen around the world, we find significant public support for wind energy but resistance by the local population to a particular wind farm development. This paper presents the results of an exploratory research study whose aim was to understand the local community's responses to the PECh project sent to the Environmental Impact Assessment System in Chile. A qualitative design primarily with dialogic inquiry techniques has been used. The sample was intentional, identifying the main actors involved in the conflict. The results show that the social conflict is related to multiple factors: a) the perception of damages to natural and cultural heritage; b) the perception of negative strong effects that the wind farm development would have on local productive activities; c) local community distrust towards the company, local authorities and environmental regulators, and d) the threat to life projects of the local people. In order to drive the sustainable development of renewable energy to mitigate the effects of climate change, more attention should be paid to these aspects.
Recolector de Cienci... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2015License: CC BY NCData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Recolector de Cienci... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2015License: CC BY NCData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2011 SpainPublisher:Diputación General de Aragón. Departamento de Presidencia Authors: Rinaudo, María Eugenia;El cambio climático, es hoy en día, una de las problemáticas socio-ambientales mas importantes que deberá enfrentar la humanidad para su misma salvación. Sin contar con el equilibrio necesario que deberá tener en cuenta el hombre con el sistema ambiental para de esta forma, poder establecer los naturales parámetros en la biosfera. Por este motivo, la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, desde hace muchos años, se han unido a este esfuerzo y ha consolidado en Protocolos, Reglamentos y Conferencias Internacionales el trabajo en equipo de países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo de todo el mundo, estableciendo, tecnologías a favor del ambiente, financiamientos «verdes» y demás mecanismos favorables al entorno y al hombre. En este caso, la última Conferencia Internacional gestionada por las Naciones Unidas, fue el año pasado, 2010, en Cancún, donde se celebro la COP-16 y la CMP-6 y donde representantes de grandes y pequeños países de todo el mundofueron los protagonistas del evento, en el cual, se lograron establecer financiamientos a favor de tecnologías «verdes» y desarrollos limpios, así como próximas actividades para proteger los diversos ecosistemas y especies animales. Y sobre todo, la principal meta de esta COP fue restablecer la confianza de las poblaciones del mundo entero en una próxima unión consolidada entre todos los países para poder luchar en contra del cambio climático. The climate change is today one of the social and environment problems most important that will face thehumanity for his own salvation. Not to mention, with the necessary balance that must take account of the man with the environmental system, to thus natural to establish the parameters in the biosphere. For this reason, the United Nations, for many years, has joined this effort and has built in Protocols, Regulationsand International Conferences, the teamwork of both developed and developing countries worldwide, establishing, technologies for the environment, financing «green» and other mechanisms pro-environment and man. In this case, the last International Conference maintained by the United Nations, was last year, 2010, in Cancun, where he held the COP-16 and CMP-6, where representatives of large and small countries around the world were the protagonists of this event, which is able to establish funding for «green» technologies and clean development, and future activities to protect the various ecosystems and animal species. And above all, the main goal of the COP was to restore the confidence of the peoples of the world for an upcoming union established among all countries to fight climate change.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 10visibility views 10 download downloads 10 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2019Publisher:Universidad de Costa Rica Authors: Centeno Mora, Erick; Murillo Marín, Adrián;Este artículo aborda el tema del tratamiento sostenible de las aguas residuales en pequeñas comunidades de Costa Rica. Aunque esfuerzos recientes muestran interés político en mejorar el rezago histórico que sufre el país en infraestructura sanitaria, existen pocas referencias que guíen el proceso de selección de la tecnología y escala más adecuadas para los sistemas a implantar. Este trabajo provee un análisis de tres tecnologías para plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) de aplicación factible en el país. Para ello se estimó la demanda de área (DA), el costo constructivo (CC) y el costo de operación y mantenimiento (CO&M) de PTAR en diferentes escalas. Se mostró que los sistemas con humedal construido tienen la mayor DA y los menores CC y CO&M. Los sistemas con reactor anaerobio de flujo ascendente de manto de lodo seguido de filtro biológico percolador (UASB + FBP) tuvieron DA ligeramente mayores a las de los sistemas de lodos activados de aireación extendida (LAE), con CC ligeramente inferiores para la primera tecnología y CO&M de 50 a 100% mayores para los LAE. El estudio comprobó que la práctica actual de uso extendido de sistemas LAE en pequeña escala no resulta la opción más sostenible, por lo que se insta a que en el futuro se consideren escalas de PTAR mayores y se amplíe el abanico de tecnologías utilizadas en el país, aprovechando algunas recientes experiencias exitosas en países con condiciones similares. This article discusses the sustainable treatment of sewage for small communities in Costa Rica. Although recent efforts show a political interest in improving the country's historical lag in sanitation infrastructure, there are few references that guide the selection process of the most appropriate technology and scale for the systems to be installed. This work provides an analysis of three technologies for wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of feasible application in the country. For this, the area demand (AD), the building cost (BC) and the operation and maintenance cost (O&MC) of STPs at different scales were estimated. It was shown that systems with constructed wetland have the highest AD and the lowest BC and O&MC. The systems with upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor followed by trickling filter (UASB + TF) had a larger AD than those of activated sludge with extended aeration (ASE), with BC smaller for the first technology and CO&M 50 to 100% higher for ASE. The study found that the current practice of extended use of small-scale ASE systems is not the most sustainable option. Thus, it is advised that future WWTP consider larger scales and alternative technologies, emulating some recent successful experiences in countries with similar conditions.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2020Authors: Olcina Cantos, Jorge|||0000-0002-4846-8126;La climatología es la rama que desarrolla en mayor grado el principio rector de la geografía: el estudio de las relaciones entre el medio y el ser humano, así como de sus diferentes manifestaciones sobre la superficie terrestre. La climatología española compite en la actualidad en igualdad de condiciones con el análisis climático internacional. Ha incluido nuevos planteamientos teóricos y métodos de trabajo que proporcionan resultados publicados en revistas y en monografías de impacto. Uno de los temas principales de la investigación española en dicho ámbito es el cambio climático actual y los efectos que ejerce en los elementos atmosféricos. El litoral mediterráneo es un buen laboratorio para profundizar en esta cuestión, puesto que ya manifiesta consecuencias que, si mantienen su tendencia actual, pueden comportar efectos en las actividades económicas y en la propia ocupación del territorio. En el presente artículo se propone una agenda de trabajo para que, en este contexto, la climatología española se convierta en la rama protagonista de la investigación y la docencia geográfica española en los próximos años. La climatologia és la branca que desenvolupa el principi rector de la geografia en un grau més elevat: l'estudi de les relacions entre el medi i l'ésser humà, com també de les diferents manifestacions que realitza sobre la superfície terrestre. La climatologia espanyola competeix actualment en igualtat de condicions amb l'anàlisi climàtica internacional. Ha inclòs plantejaments teòrics i mètodes de treball nous que proporcionen resultats publicats en revistes i monografies d'impacte. Un dels temes principals de la investigació espanyola en aquest àmbit és el canvi climàtic actual i els efectes que exerceix en els elements atmosfèrics. El litoral mediterrani és un bon laboratori per aprofundir més en aquesta qüestió, atès que ja manifesta conseqüències que, si mantenen la seva tendència actual, poden comportar efectes en les activitats econòmiques i en la pròpia ocupació del territori. Al present article s'hi proposa una agenda de treball perquè, en aquest context, la climatologia espanyola es converteixi en la branca protagonista de la investigació i la docència geogràfica espanyola en els propers anys. La climatologie est la branche géographie qui développe le plus le principe directeur de cette dernière : l'étude des relations entre l'environnement et l'être humain et leurs différentes manifestations à la surface de la Terre. La climatologie espagnole est actuellement en concurrence avec la recherche internationale sur le climat. Elle a inclus de nouvelles approches théoriques et des méthodes de travail qui fournissent des résultats publiés dans des revues et des monographies à fort impact. L'un des principaux thèmes de la recherche sur le climat espagnol est le changement climatique actuel et ses effets sur les éléments atmosphériques. La côte méditerranéenne constitue un bon laboratoire de recherche sur cette question qui manifeste déjà des conséquences qui, si elles maintiennent leur tendance actuelle, peuvent avoir des effets sur les activités économiques et sur l'occupation du territoire lui-même. Un programme de travail est proposé pour que la climatologie espagnole, dans ce contexte, devienne la principale branche géographique de la recherche et de l'enseignement géographiques espagnols au cours des prochaines années. Climatology is the branch of geography that, to a greater extent, responds to the main objective of the field: the study of the relationships between the environment and human beings and their different manifestations on the earth's surface. Spanish climatology is currently competing on equal terms with international climate research through the contribution of new theoretical approaches and methods and the dissemination of results in high-impact international journals. One of the main topics of Spanish climate research is the current climate change and its effects on atmospheric elements. The Mediterranean coast is a good laboratory for investigating an issue whose consequences are already being felt and, if the current trend is maintained, can have effects on economic activities and spatial occupation. In this context, a work agenda is proposed for Spanish climatology to become the main geographical branch of Spanish geographic research and teaching in the next years.
Recolector de Cienci... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2020License: CC BY NCData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Recolector de Cienci... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2020License: CC BY NCData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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