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AbstractConsolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined, and new entries since January 2022 are reviewed. An appendix describing temporary electrical contacting of large‐area solar cells approaches and terminology is also included.

Renewable electricity generation not only provides affordable and emission-free electricity but also introduces additional complexity in the day-ahead planning procedure. To address the stochastic nature of renewable generation, system operators must schedule enough controllable generation to have the flexibility required to compensate unavoidable real-time mismatches between the production and consumption of electricity. This flexibility must be scheduled ahead of real-time and comes at a cost, which should be minimized without compromising the operational reliability of the system. Energy storage facilities, such as pumped hydro energy storage (PHES), can respond quickly to mismatches between demand and generation. Hydraulic constraints on the operation of PHES must be taken into account in the day-ahead scheduling problem, which is typically not done in deterministic models. Stochastic optimization enhances the procurement of flexibility, but requires more computational resources than conventional deterministic optimization. This paper proposes a deterministic and an interval unit commitment formulation for the co-optimization of controllable generation and PHES, including a representation of the hydraulic constraints of the PHES. The proposed unit commitment (UC) models are tested against a stochastic UC formulation on a model of the Belgian power system to compare the resulting operational cost, reliability, and computational requirements. The cost-effective regulating capabilities offered by the PHES yield significant operational cost reductions in both models, while the increase in calculation times is limited.

Carbon foam was used as a substrate for NiO and growing carbon nanofibers. The synthesized NiO-CNF-CF electrode was successfully used as an efficient electrode for a microbial fuel cell.

Abstract In the present tutorial, solar energy conversion is described in the framework of endoreversible thermodynamics, i.e. a recently developed subset of irreversible thermodynamics. From a general thermo-chemical endoreversible engine, we deduce the photovoltaic, the photothermal and the photochemical solar energy converter, besides of a few other, non-solar devices.

In the context of a long-term for sustainable energy policy development, a set of interlinked decisions produces a process as a strategy. An ordered weighted averaging operator-based cumulative belief degree approach is proposed for a case-study of energy policy evaluation. The approach is realised in a developed software tool called advanced uncertain information processing tool (AdUnIT) for the case study. The tool can be flexibly used to solve other related policy evaluation problems.

Efforts to develop a more precise definition and measurement of cogenerated electricity than those contained in the European Union's 2004 Directive have made real progress, but additional improvements are needed to yield a better-founded, more transparent methodology. The author offers suggestions on how to complete this important job.

A study of the production of prompt J/ψ mesons contained in jets in proton-proton collisions at s=8TeV is presented. The analysis is based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.1 fb−1 collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. For events with at least one observed jet, the angular separation between the J/ψ meson and the jet is used to test whether the J/ψ meson is part of the jet. The analysis shows that most prompt J/ψ mesons having energy above 15 GeV and rapidity |y|<1 are contained in jets with pseudorapidity |ηjet|<1. The differential distributions of the probability to have a J/ψ meson contained in a jet as a function of jet energy for a fixed J/ψ energy fraction are compared to a theoretical model using the fragmenting jet function approach. The data agree best with fragmenting jet function calculations that use a long-distance matrix element parameter set in which prompt J/ψ mesons are predicted to be unpolarized. This technique demonstrates a new way to test predictions for prompt J/ψ production using nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics. Physics Letters B, 804 ISSN:0370-2693 ISSN:0031-9163 ISSN:1873-2445