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Los biocombustibles introducen espacios agrícolas en la producción energética. Luego modifican la gobernanza de las redes energéticas y de los territorios productivos. Las principales críticas a los biocombustibles se dirigen a su producción a partir de cultivos tradicionales, pero interesa preguntarse también sobre la sostenibilidad de su producción a partir de cultivos alternativos, que no competirían con los cultivos alimentarios, puesto que se ubicarían en regiones agrícolas marginales. El texto trata sobre las producciones de biocombustibles de los países de América del Sur, en sus contextos internacionales, nacionales y locales. Se profundiza la mirada sobre Argentina, Brasil y Colombia, líderes continentales en el sector. Se analizan la evolución del mercado energético, los actores involucrados y las políticas implementadas. A otra escala, se plantea la puesta en marcha de las cadenas de biocombustibles alternativos. ; Biofuels introduce agricultural spaces to power production. They modify power network and productive territories governance. Biofuels are mainly criticised because they are obtained from traditional crops; however, it is also interesting to find out whether this productivity is sustainable with alternative crops which would not compete with food crops, as they would be located in marginal agricultural regions. This text deals with the production of biofuels in South American countries, within their international, national and local contexts. We focus on Argentina, Brazil and Colombia, continental leaders of the sector. We also analyse the evolution of the power market, the actors involved and the implemented politics. On a different scale, we propose the beginning of alternative biofuel chains. ; Fil: Carrizo, Silvina Cecilia. CONICET; Centro de Estudios Urganos y Regionales, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. ; Fil: Ramousse, Didier. Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. ; Fil: Velut, Sébastien. Université Sorbonne Nouvelle ...

Predictive control encompasses a family of controllers that continually replan the system inputs during a certain time horizon to optimize their expected evolution according to a given criterion. This methodology has among its current challenges the adaptation to the paradigm of the so-called cyber-physical systems, which are composed of computers, sensors, actuators and physical entities of various kinds, including robots and even human beings who exchange information to control physical processes. This tutorial introduces the core concepts for the application of predictive control to cyber-physical systems by reviewing a series of examples that exploit the versatility of this design framework so as to solve the challenges presented by 21st century applications.

Poster presentation

ECLAC-CIAM (Climate Impact Assessment Model) is a modeling platform, which has been realized to assess the economic consequences of climate change in the Caribbean. The model can be freely accessed, downloaded and possibly modified. The available version is a full-fledged model, which can be readily used to conduct simulation exercises. This paper provides a general description of the model as well as an illustrative simulation exercise. Our results from this exercise highlight that the Caribbean is a highly vulnerable region, in which climate change is expected to generate sizable and negative economic consequences.

En un momento de gran atención para la sostenibilidad de la construcción y la presencia de vegetación, este artículo se centra en la arquitectura residencial en área urbana, y específicamente en el proyecto del suelo como lugar potencial para la renaturalización sostenible de la ciudad. Si en el siglo xx la cuestión de los espacios naturales en la ciudad parece ser competencia de la planificación urbana, la arquitectura actual también debe enfrentarse a la transformación de la ciudad existente. El articulo analiza algunas realizaciones recientes, seleccionadas por su calidad arquitectónica, difusión geográfica y diversidad lingüística. A través de estos proyectos, es posible evidenciar aspectos innovadores orientados a una mayor interdependencia entre construcción y naturaleza, ofreciendo espacios de bienestar y belleza a toda la ciudad. Es quizás la semilla de una nueva ética de la construcción que, se espera, podría cambiar radicalmente el aspecto y el destino de la ciudad. At a time of great attention for the sustainability of the construction and the presence of vegetation, this article focuses on residential architecture in urban area, and specifically in the ground project as a potential site for sustainable renaturation of the city. If in the twentieth century the question of the natural spaces in the city seems to be competence of the urban planning, the current architecture must also face the transformation of the existing city. The article analyzes some recent achievements, selected for their architectural quality, geographical diffusion and linguistic diversity. Through these projects, it is possible to highlight innovative aspects oriented to a greater interdependence between construction and nature, offering wellness and beauty spaces to the entire city. It is perhaps the seed of a new construction ethic that, it is hoped, could radically change the appearance and destiny of the city.

The richness of the plots lies in the indeterminacy conveyed by these voids, in the creation of expectation and in the capacity of these spaces to “generate desires”. The richness of the plots lies in the indeterminacy conveyed by these voids, in the creation of an expectation and in the capacity of these spaces to “generate desires”. The very name of the programme, ‘This is not a plot of land’, is an example of one of the many social intervention programmes that can be found in the city’s platforms and movements that are concerned with unused spaces and with improving the urban environment. It seeks to incite a game that consists of going beyond semantic restrictions, inviting us to propose a view that recognises the potential of these spaces. The interventions are based on a prior urban and socio-economic study, analysing the profile of the population, the existing facilities and the shortcomings of each of the areas to which the site to be intervened belongs. Small plots of land with a regular geometry for ease of use, and the use of the plots of land in good condition to allow a quick intervention, transforming them into children’s play areas, urban vegetable gardens, green carpet gardens, improvised sports fields, or others.

[ES] El espacio productivo del intercambio entre memoria y razón es el dibujo: no importa si está "fenomenizado" - en cuanto a que la obra realizada es depositaria inmediata de la idea creativa (como lo fue originalmente)- o bien "mediado", ya que el intermediario gráfico precede a la ejecución o anticipa la modificación. Tomando como punto de partida algunas evidencias encontradas en los yacimientos de Tell-es-Sultan y CatalHuyuk, el análisis que se propone es un "ejercicio" de reconstrucción sobre el origen de las primeras agrupaciones humanas, el desarrollo de un criterio que permita proporcionar algunas claves para registrar los saltos en los cambios y transformaciones a lo largo de la historia. El objetivo fundamental del presente estudio se basa en el establecimiento de hipótesis plausibles que puedan contribuir a esclarecer el dónde, el cómo, el cuándo y el porqué del advenimiento del dibujo técnico como instrumento de mediación entre la voluntad, la idea orientada a la satisfacción de las necesidades humanas primarias y el proyecto construido; la herramienta necesaria para establecer de manera objetiva las características y connotaciones del hábitat que trasciende al medio natural y cuya sistematización ha permitido el desarrollo de tipologías constructivas más sostenibles. [EN] Drawing is the productive space of the exchange between memory and reason. It does not matter if it is "phenomenalized"¿in the sense that the work carried out is the immediate depository of the creative idea (as it was originally)¿or "mediated", since the graphic mediator precedes execution or anticipates modification. Taking some of the evidence found in the Telles- Sultan and Çatalhöyük sites as a starting point, the proposed analysis is a reconstruction "exercise" on the origin of the first human communities, the development of a criterion allowing us to provide some keys to register the leaps in changes and transformations throughout history. The fundamental objective of this study is to establish a plausible hypothesis that could contribute to clarify the where, how, when and why of the advent of technical drawing as an instrument of mediation between the will, the idea oriented to satisfy primary human needs and the executed project; that is, the necessary tool to objectively establish the characteristics and connotations of the habitat that transcends the natural environment and whose systematization has allowed the development of more sustainable construction typologies.