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Using wind energy in the natural environment provides a promising solution for wireless sensor power supply for ecological, meteorological, environmental, and infrastructure monitoring. However, the uncertainty and disorder of natural wind restrict the further development of wind energy harvester systems and self-powered wireless sensor technology. Hence, this paper proposes a self-regulation blade wind energy harvester system (SBWEHS) for self-powered wireless monitoring sensors in remote field areas with power shortages. The system is mainly composed of three parts: wind harvesting mechanism, generator module, and energy storage module. The device can control the blade overlap ratio according to the wind speed while generating electricity to maximize the power coefficient. The system can control the blade’s closure in bad weather to protect the device. Based on the computational fluid dynamics technology of Ansys Fluent software, this study evaluated the impact of wind speed and blade overlap ratio on the two-stage blades. Experiments revealed that when the overlap ratio of the blades is fixed at 0.2 and the wind speed is set at 16 m/s, the maximum average power will reach 0.79 W, which fulfills the power requirements of wireless sensors. These results illustrate that the SBWEHS can effectively supply power for wireless monitoring sensors, especially in remote natural environments.

Using wind energy in the natural environment provides a promising solution for wireless sensor power supply for ecological, meteorological, environmental, and infrastructure monitoring. However, the uncertainty and disorder of natural wind restrict the further development of wind energy harvester systems and self-powered wireless sensor technology. Hence, this paper proposes a self-regulation blade wind energy harvester system (SBWEHS) for self-powered wireless monitoring sensors in remote field areas with power shortages. The system is mainly composed of three parts: wind harvesting mechanism, generator module, and energy storage module. The device can control the blade overlap ratio according to the wind speed while generating electricity to maximize the power coefficient. The system can control the blade’s closure in bad weather to protect the device. Based on the computational fluid dynamics technology of Ansys Fluent software, this study evaluated the impact of wind speed and blade overlap ratio on the two-stage blades. Experiments revealed that when the overlap ratio of the blades is fixed at 0.2 and the wind speed is set at 16 m/s, the maximum average power will reach 0.79 W, which fulfills the power requirements of wireless sensors. These results illustrate that the SBWEHS can effectively supply power for wireless monitoring sensors, especially in remote natural environments.

Interconnectivity and interoperability are very important features in the development of integrated energy management systems for industrial facilities. A simple and common strategy for exchanging energy-related information among the entities in a facility is currently lacking. To this end, the purpose of this study is to present an IoT-based communication framework with a common information model to facilitate the development of a demand response (DR) energy management system for industrial customers. Additionally, we developed and implemented an IoT-based energy-management platform based on a common information model and open communication protocols, which takes advantage of integrated energy supply networks to deploy DR energy management in an industrial facility. The experimental results of this study demonstrate that the proposed platform can not only improve the interconnectivity of the entities in industrial energy management systems but also reduce the energy costs of industrial facilities.

Interconnectivity and interoperability are very important features in the development of integrated energy management systems for industrial facilities. A simple and common strategy for exchanging energy-related information among the entities in a facility is currently lacking. To this end, the purpose of this study is to present an IoT-based communication framework with a common information model to facilitate the development of a demand response (DR) energy management system for industrial customers. Additionally, we developed and implemented an IoT-based energy-management platform based on a common information model and open communication protocols, which takes advantage of integrated energy supply networks to deploy DR energy management in an industrial facility. The experimental results of this study demonstrate that the proposed platform can not only improve the interconnectivity of the entities in industrial energy management systems but also reduce the energy costs of industrial facilities.

Aiming at the large carbon emissions of facility agricultural heating in severe cold regions in winter, a compound parabolic concentrator based soil heating system was presented. The system integrated with novel trough compound parabolic concentrator and was used for soil heating in facility agriculture. Following the structure of the compound parabolic concentrator, TracePro software was selected to trace the light in the compound parabolic concentrator. The variation trend of the light escape rate of the compound parabolic concentrator with the different incident angles was analyzed. Based on the calculation results, the performance of the solar collector system was investigated, and the impact of circulating air velocity on the photo-thermal performance of the solar collector system was explored. Research results indicate that when the circulating air velocity is 1.4 m/s and the average ambient temperature is about 28.9?, the temperature of the system outlet is up to 90.9?. The average instantaneous heat collection, maximum photo-thermal conversion efficiency, and unit area heat collection of the system are 740.6 W, 27.83%, and 0.8 MJ/m2, respectively. This research can effectively promote the efficient integration of the solar collector system in facility agriculture.

Aiming at the large carbon emissions of facility agricultural heating in severe cold regions in winter, a compound parabolic concentrator based soil heating system was presented. The system integrated with novel trough compound parabolic concentrator and was used for soil heating in facility agriculture. Following the structure of the compound parabolic concentrator, TracePro software was selected to trace the light in the compound parabolic concentrator. The variation trend of the light escape rate of the compound parabolic concentrator with the different incident angles was analyzed. Based on the calculation results, the performance of the solar collector system was investigated, and the impact of circulating air velocity on the photo-thermal performance of the solar collector system was explored. Research results indicate that when the circulating air velocity is 1.4 m/s and the average ambient temperature is about 28.9?, the temperature of the system outlet is up to 90.9?. The average instantaneous heat collection, maximum photo-thermal conversion efficiency, and unit area heat collection of the system are 740.6 W, 27.83%, and 0.8 MJ/m2, respectively. This research can effectively promote the efficient integration of the solar collector system in facility agriculture.

Abstract A biomass oil/diesel blend was prepared using an emulsion method and combusted in a diesel engine. An injector was then removed and the morphology, composition, and structure of the carbonaceous deposits on the pintle-type nozzle were characterized using a combination of HRTEM, SEM/EDAX, Raman and XRD. Results showed that the carbon deposition of the emulsified fuel with high crystallinity was greater than that of diesel. The agglomerated particulate diameters of the deposited carbon from diesel and emulsified fuel were approximately 10–30 μm and 50 μm, respectively. The carbon deposition mechanism from the emulsified fuel was attributed to the high oxygen content of the groups leading to increased polymerization and subsequent condensation on the nozzle surfaces that was then carbonised.