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Mass finishing processes have widely industrial application, and in most conditions these processes are used with empiricism and trial and error. Based on basic concept of mass finishing, its category is presented. Main aspects of motion and force analysis, material removal model, equipment and consumables, process experiments and industrial application are induced. Finally, development trends are recommended from quantified models, process database, new mass finishing processes and surface integrity. This will provide full investigation and further development and research to improvement part surface integrity.

Abstract This paper examines the effect of government ideology, political factors and globalization on energy regulation in electricity and gas industries using the bias-corrected least square dummy variable model in a panel of 23 OECD countries over the period of 1975–2007. We find that left-wing governments promote regulation in gas and electricity sectors. Also, less politically fragmented institutions contribute to deregulation of gas and electricity industries. Long tenures of incumbent government have limited impact on regulation in electricity sector, while it is associated with an increase in regulation of gas sector. Further, we find that higher political constraints and more globalized countries lead to deregulation in electricity and gas sectors. We discover that economic and social integration are the forces that promote deregulation in the gas industry, whereas political integration advance deregulation in the electricity industry. We emphasize that political economy factors are important determinants of energy regulation.

Abstract Many countries are concerned with the waste-to-energy for economic development and societal welfare. This paper constructs a dynamic game model that, for the first time compares the incentive effects of four common subsidy modes on waste cooking oil supply for biofuel refining and sales of waste cooking oil refined products. The model considers the impact of preferential tax treatment, a raw material subsidy, a sales subsidy and an investment subsidy on the profits of biofuel enterprises and waste cooking oil recyclers. Results indicate that common approaches adopted in developed economies such as raw material price subsidies and finished products sales subsidies increase the profits of both biofuel enterprises and recyclers. On the contrary, investment subsidies, which are relatively common in some regions of China, increase the profits of recyclers, while reducing revenues achieved by biofuel enterprises. To promote the supply chain, policy should give priority to raw material price subsidies and finished products sales subsidies, and for investment subsidies, however, the government should be cautious.

After years of development, paste backfill technology has become an important part of China's green safety mine construction and coal green mining technology system in the new era. In this paper, the research status of paste backfill technology in China's coal mines is expounded from the aspects of paste backfill materials, strata control theory, and paste backfill technological process. Based on the statistics of the distribution number of coal mines adopting paste backfill technology, several typical paste backfill mines are listed, and the parameters of backfill panel, geological conditions, and paste backfill effect are analyzed, the general conditions of applying paste backfill technology in coal mines are summarized. Finally, some problems in the application of paste backfill technology are pointed out, and the future development of backfill mining is prospected from the research and development of backfill materials, deep underground backfill mining, intelligent paste backfill, and other aspects. This paper provides a reference for a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the current development status of paste backfill technology in China.

As one of largest energy consumption sector, China iron and steel (IS the energy saving potential in 2025 is 44 million tons of coal equivalent, and the contribution shares of three pathways are 51.1%, 34.1%, and 14.8%, respectively. Therefore, in the next few years, upgrading large and medium-sized advanced capacity has the largest contribution share of energy conservation in three pathways. The implementation of energy conservation mainly relies on the stock energy saving of the first two pathways. The key policy strategies should be promoting advanced energy-saving technology and phasing out backward production capacity in the next few years. Moreover, enhancing industrial concentration, promoting the EAF production, and optimizing the product structure should be encouraged to implement the energy-saving pathways.

Clean-tech industry, also identified as the advanced stage of eco-friendly industry and typical high-tech, has to gain enough financial support to develop. Meanwhile, it has provided substantial market opportunities as well as investment options for venture capitalist. In an attempt to form a comprehensive understanding of VC policy preferences in clean-tech sector, relevant studies have been done by researchers from organizations, universities, and firms, from various perspectives, forming an independent “niche” research field. Based on the interactive relation between industry development and clean-tech investing, this paper performs a time-sharing, multidimensional, and dynamic review on international clean-tech policies literatures, focusing primarily on investor preferences. We aim to provide references to the lenses and methods currently used for future research including policy tool design, investment attraction effects, and policy efficiency. Moreover, the findings facilitate the innovation and expansion of related research for China, by which it can form effective financial support for domestic clean-tech industry.

A key enabler for the smart grid is the fine-grained monitoring of power utilization. Although such a mechanism is helpful in the optimization of the whole electricity generation, distribution, and consumption cycle, it also creates opportunities for the potential adversaries in deducing the activities and habits of the subscribers. In fact, by utilizing the standard and readily available tools of nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) techniques on the metered electricity data, many details of customers' personal lives can be easily discovered. Therefore, prevention of such adversarial exploitations is of utmost importance for privacy protection. One strong privacy preservation approach is the modification of the metered data through the use of on-site storage units in conjunction with renewable energy resources. In this study, we introduce a novel mathematical programming framework to model eight privacy-enhanced power-scheduling strategies inspired and elicited from the literature. We employ all the relevant techniques for the modification of the actual electricity utilization (i.e., on-site battery, renewable energy resources, and appliance load moderation). Our evaluation framework is the first in the literature, to the best of our knowledge, for a comprehensive and fair comparison of the load-shaping techniques for privacy preservation. In addition to the privacy concerns, we consider monetary cost and disutility of the users in our objective functions. Evaluation results show that privacy preservation strategies in the literature differ significantly in terms of privacy, cost, and disutility metrics.

In this paper discussed the advanced distribution management system for smart grid. With smart grids, confidence and expectations are high. To various degrees, utilities are putting smart grid initiatives in place, and many of the technologies paraded under the smart-grid banner are currently implemented in utilities. The smart-grid initiative uses these building blocks to work toward a more integrated and long-term infrastructure. If all goes as expected, smart grids will provide tremendous operational benefits to power utilities around the world because they provide a platform for enterprise-wide solutions that deliver far-reaching benefits to both utilities and their end customers.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) using information submitted by different industries in the United States. This research examines the contaminants released by paper manufacturing industry in the United States and Ohio over time and what paper manufacturers are doing to diminish the quantities of chemical wastes generated, released to the environment, or managed by other means. It is understood that there is a reduction in the Risk‐Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) scores from 2002 to 2014 in all the states, which can be related to the adaptation of recycling or reusing of the chemicals in various other manufacturing processes. The other significant observation inferred from the analysis is that the facilities in the states such as Wisconsin, Louisiana, South Carolina, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania based on the economic feasibility or recycling prospects, they are generating higher quantities of the selected chemical resulting in the higher RSEI scores respectively for the above‐mentioned states. This article demonstrates the application of the risk‐screening indicators model to a large database to analyze pollution data. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 808–814, 2017