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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Henning, H.-M.; Braun, R.; Lokurlu, A.; Noeres, P.;

    Unterschiedliche technische Lösungen zur Nutzung thermischer Solarenergie für die sommerliche Gebäudeklimatisierung sind marktverfügbar. Die Anwendung dieser Techniken kann zu nennens werten Reduktionen im Primärenergieverbrauch führen, sofern die Systeme entsprechend ausgelegt sind. Voraussetzung hierfür ist eine ausreichende Dimensionierung des Solarkollektorfeldes und - je nach Randbedingungen - die Integration von Speichern in das Gesamtsystem. Die Anzahl der heute installierten Anlagen ist allerdings noch sehr gering. Erfahrungen mit installierten Anlagen und deren Betrieb belegen die Notwendigkeit weiterer messtechnisch begleiteter Demonstrationsanlagen. Dadurch sind auch weitere Kostenreduktionen zu erwarten, sodass mittelfristig eine Amortisation der Anlagen innerhalb der Lebensdauer - zumindest mit einer Förderung im Bereich 100 Euro/m2 - machbar erscheint. Eine neue Anwendungsmöglichkeit in den nächsten Jahren ergibt sich aus der zunehmenden Verfügbarkeit kleiner thermisch angetriebenen Kältemaschinen. Dadurch sind auch Anwendungen im kleinen Leistungsbereich (< 30 kW) erschließbar. Eine interessante Kombination stellt z. B. die Erweiterung von solarthermischen Anlagen zur Brauchwassererwärmung und Heizungsunterstützung (Kombianlagen) um eine kleine Kältemaschine dar. Damit kann eine sinnvolle Nutzung der bislang nicht nutzbaren Überschüsse der Solaranlage im Sommer erreicht werden.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Fraunhofer-ePrintsarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Fraunhofer-ePrints
    Conference object . 2006
    Data sources: Fraunhofer-ePrints
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Fraunhofer-ePrintsarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Fraunhofer-ePrints
      Conference object . 2006
      Data sources: Fraunhofer-ePrints
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Peeters, Paul; Eijgelaar, Eke;
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Breda University of ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Breda University of ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Joachim Sauerborn; Renzoandre de la Pena-Lavander; Marc Cotter;

    Parasitic weeds of the genus Striga (Orobanchaceae) are a major constraint to agricultural production in the semi-arid regions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, Striga hermonthica’s current and future distribution needs to be estimated urgently in order to better and more efficiently target available Striga management strategies. Using innovative GIS-based modeling complemented by greenhouse and field studies, our research aims to better understand the present geographic distribution of Striga species and to predict potential future expansion areas of these dangerous weeds. Parameters determining the presence or absence of Striga were analyzed and available data complemented by new studies on Striga ecology and seed bank dynamics gained at the University of Hohenheim and ICRISAT, Mali.In order to provide managers and decision maker with a useful tool to take precautionary and palliative actions against the menace of infestation by invasive or parasitic species, it is important to assess the possible future distribution of such species, especially in vulnerable areas where the parasite has not yet appeared. Based on the present geographic distribution and the factors affecting it, different climate projections have been applied to indicate areas that will become susceptible to Striga invasion in the future. Datasets on the impact of climate change from IPCC workgroups have been used as basis for this assessment, combined with information gained from field trips, herbaria assessments and literature. The results of this study show trends in the potential future distribution of Striga hermonthica, but also indicate areas where the methodology can be improved and refined to allow more precise and reliable predictions.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Julius-Kühn-Archivarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Julius-Kühn-Archiv
    Article . 2012
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Julius-Kühn-Archivarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Julius-Kühn-Archiv
      Article . 2012
      Data sources: DOAJ
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kowalczyk, Alexandra Anna;

    Für die Studien der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Biogasanlagen mit drei unterschiedlichen Füllvolumina verwendet. Mit Hilfe dieser Anlagen wurde die Reproduzierbarkeit und Skalierbarkeit von Versuchsergebnissen zum Biogasbildungsprozess untersucht. Die Reproduzierbarkeit ist gegeben, wenn gleiche Bedingungen gegeben sind. Im reduzierten Normvolumenstrom und im Methangehalt konnte eine Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse festgestellt werden; die Abweichungen werden mit zunehmendem Maßstabsfaktor größer. Starke Unterschiede treten bei der Entwicklung des Fettsäurespektrums auf. Desweiteren wurde der Einfluss verschiedener Rührintervalle auf den Biogasbildungsprozess untersucht. Die Auswirkungen von Beschickungsausfällen (1 Tag, 3 und 7 Tage) mit anschließender direkter Sollbetriebsweise wurden für 2 unterschiedliche Beschickungsintervalle analysiert. Im letzten Teil der Arbeit wurden unterschiedliche Anfahrstrategien für das Wiederanfahren nach einem Beschickungsausfall entwickelt.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ruhr-Universität Boc...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ruhr-Universität Boc...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Strauch, Sabine;
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Fraunhofer-ePrintsarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Fraunhofer-ePrintsarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Trieb, Franz; Hess, Denis;

    Ausgehend vom heutigen Status Quo mit gut 30 % regenerativem Energieanteil (RE) im deutschen Stromsektor sind grundsätzlich zwei Strategien denkbar, um in einigen Jahrzehnten zu einer beinahe vollständig regenerativen Versorgung zu gelangen. Die erste Strategie setzt vorrangig auf den Ausbau variabler Erzeugung mit Windkraft und Photovoltaik und deren Ergänzung durch innovative Speichertechnologien, verstärkten Ausbau der Stromnetze und weiterer Flexibilisierungsmaßnahmen sowie konventionelle Backup-Kraftwerke auf der Basis von Erdgas und Kohle. Deutlich seltener wird die Strategie eines gleichmäßigen, abgestimmten Ausbaus sowohl variabler regenerativer Quellen als auch Dargebots unabhängiger regenerativer Quellen wie Wasserkraft, Biomasse, Geothermie und thermische Solarkraftwerke untersucht. Mit ihr gehen deutliche Vorteile einher, wie eine Modellanalyse zeigt.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DLR publication serv...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    DLR publication server
    Other literature type . 2017
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DLR publication serv...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      DLR publication server
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  • Authors: Wilke, Andreas;

    Die biologische Verwertung von cellulose-/ hemicellulose- und lignocellulosereichen organischen Substraten zur Erzeugung von Energieträgern gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Im Gegensatz zu Biokraftstoffen der ersten Generation, bei denen nur ein kleiner Teil des pflanzlichen Materials eingesetzt worden ist (Öl, Zucker, Stärke), wird bei Biokraftstoffen der zweiten Generation fast die vollständige Pflanze einschließlich der schwer zugänglichen Cellulose verwendet. In Biogasanlagen führt diese Zielstellung jedoch häufig zu Problemen. Lignocellulose-reiches Material ist für viele Mikroorganismen schwer oder gar nicht abbaubar. Um die schwer abbaubaren Pflanzenteile wie Cellulose, Hemicellulose oder Lignin den Mikroorganismen in einer Biogasanlage besser zugänglich zu machen, können Biogassubstrate vorbehandelt werden. ; In the focus of this research work two different substrate pretreatment methods in biogas plants are presented. It can be demonstrated that the biological-enzymatic and also the thermal substrate pretreatment have the potential to increase the dissolved organic carbon concentration of the analyzed substrates. An improved utilization of cellulose-rich substrate can lead to an increase of the biogas yield in a biogas plant and therefore increase the economical situation for this environmental friendly technology.

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  • Authors: Engelmann, Claudia;

    Phosphatidylethanol ist ein abnormes Phospholipid, welches nur in Anwesenheit von Ethanol durch die Phospholipase D gebildet wird. Damit ist es als sehr spezifischer Marker neben EtG und EtS sowie den etablierten indirekten Biomarkern zum Nachweis des Alkoholkonsums einsetzbar. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, eine Methode zu entwickeln, mit deren Hilfe PEth einfach, schnell und mit möglichst geringem Lösungsmitteleinsatz extrahiert werden kann. Durch den Zusatz von Boratpuffer gelang uns die Reduktion der Lösungsmittel Hexan und Isopropanol um 80 % bei gleichzeitiger Steigerung der Extraktionsausbeute. Der Nachweis von PEth wurde mittels HPLC/Tandem-Massenspektrometrie geführt, die die Differenzierung der PEth-Homologen ermöglicht. Für den Nachweis der indirekten Biomarker wurden Standardverfahren eingesetzt. In einer Studie zum Abbau des PEth in abstinenten Alkoholikern während der Entwöhnungstherapie gelang uns die Rekrutierung von zwölf Patienten (drei Frauen, neun Männer) mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 43,6 Jahren (Spanne 30 – 57). Während des dreiwöchigen Aufenthaltes in der Entzugstherapie waren acht Probenentnahmen geplant. An Tag 1 konnten durchschnittlich 108 ng/ml PEth 16:0/16:0, 70 ng/ml an PEth 18:1/18:1 sowie 749 ng/ml der Isoform 16:0/18:1 nachgewiesen werden. Die Werte der indirekten Alkoholmarker CDT, GGT, GPT sowie GOT betrugen im Mittel jeweils 2,02 %, 198 U/l, 44 U/l und 77 U/l. Der Abbau des PEth 16:0/18:1 konnte am besten nachverfolgt werden und geschah mit einer Halbwertszeit von 9,7 Tagen (MW; SD 3,2; Spanne 6,3 – 16,1). Der Nachweis war bis zu 25 Tage lang möglich. Damit konnten wir die Ergebnisse aktueller Studien bestätigen, die ebenfalls eine im Vergleich zu bisherigen Erkenntnissen längere Nachweisbarkeit des PEth fanden. ; Phosphatidylethanol is an abnormal phospholipid, which is formed only in presence of phospholipase D. So it is possible to use this very specific biomarker, together with EtG and EtS also as the indirect biomarkers, to detect alcohol consumption. We ...

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Nellesen, Anke; Hiebel, Markus; Bertling, Jürgen; Maga, Daniel; +4 Authors
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Der light harvesting complex II (LHCII) ist ein pflanzliches Membranprotein, das in seiner trimeren Form über 40 Chlorophylle bindet. In der Pflanze kann er besonders effizient Licht sammeln und die Anregungsenergie anschließend fast verlustfrei über andere chlorophyll-bindende Proteine an die Reaktionszentren weiterleiten. Aufgrund dieser besonderen Eigenschaften war es ein Ziel dieser Arbeit, rekombinanten LHCII mit synthetischen Komponenten zu kombinieren, die zur Ladungstrennung befähigt sind. Zu diesem Zweck wurden unter anderem Halbleiternanokristalle (Quantum Dots, QDs) ausgewählt, die je nach Zusammensetzung sowohl als Energieakzeptoren als auch als Energiedonoren in Frage kamen. Durch Optimierung des Puffers gelang es, die Fluoreszenzquantenausbeute der QDs in wässriger Lösung zu erhöhen und zu stabilisieren, so dass die Grundvoraussetzungen für die spektroskopische Untersuchung verschiedener LHCII-QD-Hybridkomplexe erfüllt waren.rnUnter Verwendung bereits etablierter Affinitätssequenzen zur Bindung des LHCII an die QDs konnte gezeigt werden, dass die in dieser Arbeit verwendeten Typ-I QDs aus CdSe und ZnS sich kaum als Energie-Donoren für den LHCII eignen. Ein Hauptgrund lag im vergleichsweise kleinen Försterradius R0 von 4,1 nm. Im Gegensatz dazu wurde ein R0 von 6,4 nm für den LHCII als Donor und Typ-II QDs aus CdTe, CdSe und ZnS als Akzeptor errechnet, wodurch in diesem System eine höhere Effizienz des Energietransfers zu erwarten war. Fluoreszenzspektroskopische Untersuchungen von Hybridkomplexen aus LHCII und Typ-II QDs ergaben eine hohe Plausibilität für einen Fluoreszenz Resonanz Energietransfer (FRET) vom Lichtsammler auf die QDs. Weitere QD-Affinitätssequenzen für den LHCII wurden identifiziert und deren Bindekonstanten ermittelt. Versuche mit dem Elektronenakzeptor Methylviologen lieferten gute Hinweise auf eine LHCII-sensibilisierte Ladungstrennung der Typ-II QDs, auch wenn dies noch anhand alternativer Messmethoden wie z.B. durch transiente Absorptionsspektroskopie bestätigt werden muss. rnEin weiteres Ziel war die Verwendung von LHCII als Lichtsammler in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Geeignete dotierte TiO2-Platten wurden ermittelt, das Verfahren zur Belegung der Platten optimiert und daher mit wenig Aufwand eine hohe LHCII-Belegungsdichte erzielt. Erste Messungen von Aktionsspektren mit LHCII und einem zur Ladungstrennung fähigen Rylenfarbstoff zeigen eine, wenn auch geringe, LHCII sensibilisierte Ladungstrennung. rnDie Verwendung von Lanthanide-Binding-Tags (LBTs) ist ein potentielles Verfahren zur in vivo-Markierung von Proteinen mit Lanthanoiden wie Europium und Terbium. Diese Metalle besitzen eine überdurchschnittlich lange Lumineszenzlebensdauer, so dass sie leicht von anderen fluoreszierenden Molekülen unterschieden werden können. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit gelang es, eine LBT in rekombinanten LHCII einzubauen und einen Lumineszenz Resonanz Energietransfer (LRET) vom Europium auf den LHCII nachzuweisen.rn The light harvesting complex II (LHCII) is a membrane protein and consists of more than 40 chlorophylls in its trimeric version. In plants it performs efficient light harvesting and transfers the excitation energy nearly quantitatively via other pigment-binding proteins to the reaction center. Due to these LHCII properties it was of interest to combine recombinant LHCII with synthetic compounds that are capable of charge separation. To this end semiconductor nanocrystals, so-called Quantum dots (QDs), where chosen as energy acceptors. Depending on their composition, QDs can also serve as energy donors. By optimizing the buffer system, the QDs fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous solution has been enhanced and stabilized, fulfilling the prerequisites for spectroscopic investigations of different LHCII-QD hybrid complexes.rnBy using established affinity tags to bind LHCII to QDs it was shown that type-I nanocrystals from CdSe and ZnS were no efficient energy donors for LHCII, presumably due to the small Förster radius (R0) of 4.1 nm. By contrast, a larger R0 of 6.4 nm was estimated for hybrid complexes of LHCII as donors and type-II QDs (CdTe, CdSe, ZnS), thus a higher efficiency of energy transfer was expected. Complexes of LHCII and type-II QDs exhibited fluorescence properties that were indicative of Foerster-type energy transfer from LHCII to QD. Additional QD-affinity tags have been established for the LHCII and their binding constants were estimated. Experiments with the electron acceptor methyl viologen indicated an LHCII sensitized charge separation in QDs. This preliminary result still needs to be confirmed, for example transient absorption spectroscopy.rnAnother objective was to integrate LHCII-hybrid complexes into dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Suitably doted TiO2 plates were loaded by an optimized procedure, enhancing the LHCII density on the plates. Preliminary recordings of action spectra with LHCII and a rylen dye as a sensitizer showed a small but significant LHCII-sensitized charge separation. rnThe use of lanthanide binding tags (LBTs) is a possibility for in vivo labeling of proteins with lanthanides like terbium and europium. These metals have an extraordinary long luminescence lifetime making them easily distinguishable from other fluorescent molecules. In this work an LBT was introduced into recombinant LHCII and luminescence resonance energy transfer was shown to take place from europium to LHCII.rn

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Gutenberg Open Scien...arrow_drop_down
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.25358/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2013
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.25358/op...
      Doctoral thesis . 2013
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Henning, H.-M.; Braun, R.; Lokurlu, A.; Noeres, P.;

    Unterschiedliche technische Lösungen zur Nutzung thermischer Solarenergie für die sommerliche Gebäudeklimatisierung sind marktverfügbar. Die Anwendung dieser Techniken kann zu nennens werten Reduktionen im Primärenergieverbrauch führen, sofern die Systeme entsprechend ausgelegt sind. Voraussetzung hierfür ist eine ausreichende Dimensionierung des Solarkollektorfeldes und - je nach Randbedingungen - die Integration von Speichern in das Gesamtsystem. Die Anzahl der heute installierten Anlagen ist allerdings noch sehr gering. Erfahrungen mit installierten Anlagen und deren Betrieb belegen die Notwendigkeit weiterer messtechnisch begleiteter Demonstrationsanlagen. Dadurch sind auch weitere Kostenreduktionen zu erwarten, sodass mittelfristig eine Amortisation der Anlagen innerhalb der Lebensdauer - zumindest mit einer Förderung im Bereich 100 Euro/m2 - machbar erscheint. Eine neue Anwendungsmöglichkeit in den nächsten Jahren ergibt sich aus der zunehmenden Verfügbarkeit kleiner thermisch angetriebenen Kältemaschinen. Dadurch sind auch Anwendungen im kleinen Leistungsbereich (< 30 kW) erschließbar. Eine interessante Kombination stellt z. B. die Erweiterung von solarthermischen Anlagen zur Brauchwassererwärmung und Heizungsunterstützung (Kombianlagen) um eine kleine Kältemaschine dar. Damit kann eine sinnvolle Nutzung der bislang nicht nutzbaren Überschüsse der Solaranlage im Sommer erreicht werden.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Fraunhofer-ePrintsarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Fraunhofer-ePrints
    Conference object . 2006
    Data sources: Fraunhofer-ePrints
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Fraunhofer-ePrintsarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Fraunhofer-ePrints
      Conference object . 2006
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Peeters, Paul; Eijgelaar, Eke;
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Breda University of ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Breda University of ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Joachim Sauerborn; Renzoandre de la Pena-Lavander; Marc Cotter;

    Parasitic weeds of the genus Striga (Orobanchaceae) are a major constraint to agricultural production in the semi-arid regions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, Striga hermonthica’s current and future distribution needs to be estimated urgently in order to better and more efficiently target available Striga management strategies. Using innovative GIS-based modeling complemented by greenhouse and field studies, our research aims to better understand the present geographic distribution of Striga species and to predict potential future expansion areas of these dangerous weeds. Parameters determining the presence or absence of Striga were analyzed and available data complemented by new studies on Striga ecology and seed bank dynamics gained at the University of Hohenheim and ICRISAT, Mali.In order to provide managers and decision maker with a useful tool to take precautionary and palliative actions against the menace of infestation by invasive or parasitic species, it is important to assess the possible future distribution of such species, especially in vulnerable areas where the parasite has not yet appeared. Based on the present geographic distribution and the factors affecting it, different climate projections have been applied to indicate areas that will become susceptible to Striga invasion in the future. Datasets on the impact of climate change from IPCC workgroups have been used as basis for this assessment, combined with information gained from field trips, herbaria assessments and literature. The results of this study show trends in the potential future distribution of Striga hermonthica, but also indicate areas where the methodology can be improved and refined to allow more precise and reliable predictions.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Julius-Kühn-Archivarrow_drop_down
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    Julius-Kühn-Archiv
    Article . 2012
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Julius-Kühn-Archiv
      Article . 2012
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kowalczyk, Alexandra Anna;

    Für die Studien der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Biogasanlagen mit drei unterschiedlichen Füllvolumina verwendet. Mit Hilfe dieser Anlagen wurde die Reproduzierbarkeit und Skalierbarkeit von Versuchsergebnissen zum Biogasbildungsprozess untersucht. Die Reproduzierbarkeit ist gegeben, wenn gleiche Bedingungen gegeben sind. Im reduzierten Normvolumenstrom und im Methangehalt konnte eine Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse festgestellt werden; die Abweichungen werden mit zunehmendem Maßstabsfaktor größer. Starke Unterschiede treten bei der Entwicklung des Fettsäurespektrums auf. Desweiteren wurde der Einfluss verschiedener Rührintervalle auf den Biogasbildungsprozess untersucht. Die Auswirkungen von Beschickungsausfällen (1 Tag, 3 und 7 Tage) mit anschließender direkter Sollbetriebsweise wurden für 2 unterschiedliche Beschickungsintervalle analysiert. Im letzten Teil der Arbeit wurden unterschiedliche Anfahrstrategien für das Wiederanfahren nach einem Beschickungsausfall entwickelt.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ruhr-Universität Boc...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Strauch, Sabine;
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    Authors: Trieb, Franz; Hess, Denis;

    Ausgehend vom heutigen Status Quo mit gut 30 % regenerativem Energieanteil (RE) im deutschen Stromsektor sind grundsätzlich zwei Strategien denkbar, um in einigen Jahrzehnten zu einer beinahe vollständig regenerativen Versorgung zu gelangen. Die erste Strategie setzt vorrangig auf den Ausbau variabler Erzeugung mit Windkraft und Photovoltaik und deren Ergänzung durch innovative Speichertechnologien, verstärkten Ausbau der Stromnetze und weiterer Flexibilisierungsmaßnahmen sowie konventionelle Backup-Kraftwerke auf der Basis von Erdgas und Kohle. Deutlich seltener wird die Strategie eines gleichmäßigen, abgestimmten Ausbaus sowohl variabler regenerativer Quellen als auch Dargebots unabhängiger regenerativer Quellen wie Wasserkraft, Biomasse, Geothermie und thermische Solarkraftwerke untersucht. Mit ihr gehen deutliche Vorteile einher, wie eine Modellanalyse zeigt.

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  • Authors: Wilke, Andreas;

    Die biologische Verwertung von cellulose-/ hemicellulose- und lignocellulosereichen organischen Substraten zur Erzeugung von Energieträgern gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Im Gegensatz zu Biokraftstoffen der ersten Generation, bei denen nur ein kleiner Teil des pflanzlichen Materials eingesetzt worden ist (Öl, Zucker, Stärke), wird bei Biokraftstoffen der zweiten Generation fast die vollständige Pflanze einschließlich der schwer zugänglichen Cellulose verwendet. In Biogasanlagen führt diese Zielstellung jedoch häufig zu Problemen. Lignocellulose-reiches Material ist für viele Mikroorganismen schwer oder gar nicht abbaubar. Um die schwer abbaubaren Pflanzenteile wie Cellulose, Hemicellulose oder Lignin den Mikroorganismen in einer Biogasanlage besser zugänglich zu machen, können Biogassubstrate vorbehandelt werden. ; In the focus of this research work two different substrate pretreatment methods in biogas plants are presented. It can be demonstrated that the biological-enzymatic and also the thermal substrate pretreatment have the potential to increase the dissolved organic carbon concentration of the analyzed substrates. An improved utilization of cellulose-rich substrate can lead to an increase of the biogas yield in a biogas plant and therefore increase the economical situation for this environmental friendly technology.

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  • Authors: Engelmann, Claudia;

    Phosphatidylethanol ist ein abnormes Phospholipid, welches nur in Anwesenheit von Ethanol durch die Phospholipase D gebildet wird. Damit ist es als sehr spezifischer Marker neben EtG und EtS sowie den etablierten indirekten Biomarkern zum Nachweis des Alkoholkonsums einsetzbar. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, eine Methode zu entwickeln, mit deren Hilfe PEth einfach, schnell und mit möglichst geringem Lösungsmitteleinsatz extrahiert werden kann. Durch den Zusatz von Boratpuffer gelang uns die Reduktion der Lösungsmittel Hexan und Isopropanol um 80 % bei gleichzeitiger Steigerung der Extraktionsausbeute. Der Nachweis von PEth wurde mittels HPLC/Tandem-Massenspektrometrie geführt, die die Differenzierung der PEth-Homologen ermöglicht. Für den Nachweis der indirekten Biomarker wurden Standardverfahren eingesetzt. In einer Studie zum Abbau des PEth in abstinenten Alkoholikern während der Entwöhnungstherapie gelang uns die Rekrutierung von zwölf Patienten (drei Frauen, neun Männer) mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 43,6 Jahren (Spanne 30 – 57). Während des dreiwöchigen Aufenthaltes in der Entzugstherapie waren acht Probenentnahmen geplant. An Tag 1 konnten durchschnittlich 108 ng/ml PEth 16:0/16:0, 70 ng/ml an PEth 18:1/18:1 sowie 749 ng/ml der Isoform 16:0/18:1 nachgewiesen werden. Die Werte der indirekten Alkoholmarker CDT, GGT, GPT sowie GOT betrugen im Mittel jeweils 2,02 %, 198 U/l, 44 U/l und 77 U/l. Der Abbau des PEth 16:0/18:1 konnte am besten nachverfolgt werden und geschah mit einer Halbwertszeit von 9,7 Tagen (MW; SD 3,2; Spanne 6,3 – 16,1). Der Nachweis war bis zu 25 Tage lang möglich. Damit konnten wir die Ergebnisse aktueller Studien bestätigen, die ebenfalls eine im Vergleich zu bisherigen Erkenntnissen längere Nachweisbarkeit des PEth fanden. ; Phosphatidylethanol is an abnormal phospholipid, which is formed only in presence of phospholipase D. So it is possible to use this very specific biomarker, together with EtG and EtS also as the indirect biomarkers, to detect alcohol consumption. We ...

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    Authors: Nellesen, Anke; Hiebel, Markus; Bertling, Jürgen; Maga, Daniel; +4 Authors
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    Der light harvesting complex II (LHCII) ist ein pflanzliches Membranprotein, das in seiner trimeren Form über 40 Chlorophylle bindet. In der Pflanze kann er besonders effizient Licht sammeln und die Anregungsenergie anschließend fast verlustfrei über andere chlorophyll-bindende Proteine an die Reaktionszentren weiterleiten. Aufgrund dieser besonderen Eigenschaften war es ein Ziel dieser Arbeit, rekombinanten LHCII mit synthetischen Komponenten zu kombinieren, die zur Ladungstrennung befähigt sind. Zu diesem Zweck wurden unter anderem Halbleiternanokristalle (Quantum Dots, QDs) ausgewählt, die je nach Zusammensetzung sowohl als Energieakzeptoren als auch als Energiedonoren in Frage kamen. Durch Optimierung des Puffers gelang es, die Fluoreszenzquantenausbeute der QDs in wässriger Lösung zu erhöhen und zu stabilisieren, so dass die Grundvoraussetzungen für die spektroskopische Untersuchung verschiedener LHCII-QD-Hybridkomplexe erfüllt waren.rnUnter Verwendung bereits etablierter Affinitätssequenzen zur Bindung des LHCII an die QDs konnte gezeigt werden, dass die in dieser Arbeit verwendeten Typ-I QDs aus CdSe und ZnS sich kaum als Energie-Donoren für den LHCII eignen. Ein Hauptgrund lag im vergleichsweise kleinen Försterradius R0 von 4,1 nm. Im Gegensatz dazu wurde ein R0 von 6,4 nm für den LHCII als Donor und Typ-II QDs aus CdTe, CdSe und ZnS als Akzeptor errechnet, wodurch in diesem System eine höhere Effizienz des Energietransfers zu erwarten war. Fluoreszenzspektroskopische Untersuchungen von Hybridkomplexen aus LHCII und Typ-II QDs ergaben eine hohe Plausibilität für einen Fluoreszenz Resonanz Energietransfer (FRET) vom Lichtsammler auf die QDs. Weitere QD-Affinitätssequenzen für den LHCII wurden identifiziert und deren Bindekonstanten ermittelt. Versuche mit dem Elektronenakzeptor Methylviologen lieferten gute Hinweise auf eine LHCII-sensibilisierte Ladungstrennung der Typ-II QDs, auch wenn dies noch anhand alternativer Messmethoden wie z.B. durch transiente Absorptionsspektroskopie bestätigt werden muss. rnEin weiteres Ziel war die Verwendung von LHCII als Lichtsammler in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Geeignete dotierte TiO2-Platten wurden ermittelt, das Verfahren zur Belegung der Platten optimiert und daher mit wenig Aufwand eine hohe LHCII-Belegungsdichte erzielt. Erste Messungen von Aktionsspektren mit LHCII und einem zur Ladungstrennung fähigen Rylenfarbstoff zeigen eine, wenn auch geringe, LHCII sensibilisierte Ladungstrennung. rnDie Verwendung von Lanthanide-Binding-Tags (LBTs) ist ein potentielles Verfahren zur in vivo-Markierung von Proteinen mit Lanthanoiden wie Europium und Terbium. Diese Metalle besitzen eine überdurchschnittlich lange Lumineszenzlebensdauer, so dass sie leicht von anderen fluoreszierenden Molekülen unterschieden werden können. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit gelang es, eine LBT in rekombinanten LHCII einzubauen und einen Lumineszenz Resonanz Energietransfer (LRET) vom Europium auf den LHCII nachzuweisen.rn The light harvesting complex II (LHCII) is a membrane protein and consists of more than 40 chlorophylls in its trimeric version. In plants it performs efficient light harvesting and transfers the excitation energy nearly quantitatively via other pigment-binding proteins to the reaction center. Due to these LHCII properties it was of interest to combine recombinant LHCII with synthetic compounds that are capable of charge separation. To this end semiconductor nanocrystals, so-called Quantum dots (QDs), where chosen as energy acceptors. Depending on their composition, QDs can also serve as energy donors. By optimizing the buffer system, the QDs fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous solution has been enhanced and stabilized, fulfilling the prerequisites for spectroscopic investigations of different LHCII-QD hybrid complexes.rnBy using established affinity tags to bind LHCII to QDs it was shown that type-I nanocrystals from CdSe and ZnS were no efficient energy donors for LHCII, presumably due to the small Förster radius (R0) of 4.1 nm. By contrast, a larger R0 of 6.4 nm was estimated for hybrid complexes of LHCII as donors and type-II QDs (CdTe, CdSe, ZnS), thus a higher efficiency of energy transfer was expected. Complexes of LHCII and type-II QDs exhibited fluorescence properties that were indicative of Foerster-type energy transfer from LHCII to QD. Additional QD-affinity tags have been established for the LHCII and their binding constants were estimated. Experiments with the electron acceptor methyl viologen indicated an LHCII sensitized charge separation in QDs. This preliminary result still needs to be confirmed, for example transient absorption spectroscopy.rnAnother objective was to integrate LHCII-hybrid complexes into dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Suitably doted TiO2 plates were loaded by an optimized procedure, enhancing the LHCII density on the plates. Preliminary recordings of action spectra with LHCII and a rylen dye as a sensitizer showed a small but significant LHCII-sensitized charge separation. rnThe use of lanthanide binding tags (LBTs) is a possibility for in vivo labeling of proteins with lanthanides like terbium and europium. These metals have an extraordinary long luminescence lifetime making them easily distinguishable from other fluorescent molecules. In this work an LBT was introduced into recombinant LHCII and luminescence resonance energy transfer was shown to take place from europium to LHCII.rn

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.25358/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2013
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