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The errors between the design parameters and experiment data of the power transformer in idle mode can reach 15-20% or more, because engineering techniques do not take into account in full all factors. Therefore, the aim of the work is to develop improved circuit models, which are interconnected with spatial electromagnetic field models. These models consider the active part design of the transformer, the hysteresis of the nonlinear magnetic properties of electrical steel, asymmetry and non-sinusoidal phase-to-phase currents and provide high accuracy determination of rated idling parameters of transformer. To research the idle mode of transformer, the circuit models were conjugated with 3D and 2D magnetic field models. Their numerical implementation was carried out by means of finite element method on the example of a three-phase power transformer (10 kVA, 380/220 V). The reduction of the computational time was performed by doubling cancellation of the volume of 3D three-phase transformer domain and the conformal transition to the 2D geometric domain. Determination of the effective magnetic characteristics of electrical steel according to single-phase idling experiment data, allows to take into account the combined effect of hysteresis and eddy currents, design and technological factors on the specific losses and magnetization power. This ensures high accuracy of the description of the interrelation between magnetic flux density and magnetic field strength, reducing of current error and relative errors in the calculation of idling losses up to 1.41% and 1.2% for the 3D model and up to 5.18% and 3.2% for the 2D model.

Ukraine in terms of water availability ranked 17th among 20 European countries. Its water resources depend on the river flow from the territories of the neighboring countries (76.6%) and only about a fourth of it is formed within the country (23.4%). The prevailing part of the territory of the country is characterized by low and very low water availability (1.98 - 0.12 thousand m3 per person). Only the Transcarpathian region belongs to the category of average water availability (6.3 thousand m3 per person.) Most of the research results confirm the high probability of a 25-70% decrease in the water resources of the Ukraine in the 21st century. Stabilization and even an increase in water resources are expected within the Ukrainian Carpathians. Given the results of modeling, we should expect further increase in the water deficit in the zone of unsustainable agriculture - in the southern regions of Ukraine already to the middle XXI century. Украина по показателю обеспеченности водными ресурсами занимает 17 место среди 20 европейских стран. Ее водные ресурсы зависят от речного стока с территорий прилегающих стран (76,6%) и только приблизительно их четвертая часть формируется в пределах страны (23,4%). Преобладающая часть территории страны характеризуется низкой и очень низкой водообеспеченностью (1,98 - 0,12 тыс.м3 на одного человека). Лишь Закарпатская область принадлежит к категории средней обеспеченности местным стоком (6,3 тыс.м3 на одного человека. Большинство результатов исследований подтверждают высокую вероятность уменьшения водных ресурсов равнинной Украины в ХХІ веке на 25-70%. В пределах Украинских Карпат ожидается стабилизация и даже увеличение водных ресурсов. Учитывая имеющиеся результаты моделирования, следует ожидать дальнейшего увеличения дефицита водных ресурсов в зоне неустойчивого земледелия – в южных регионах Украины уже к средине ХХІ века.

The article reviews the transverse magnetic flux machine designs. The work aim was the analysis of the transverse magnetic flux generator with a disk rotor, the stator poles optimal number selection and the resistance torque reducing. This resistance torque was created by one-sided magnetic attraction force from the permanent magnets on the rotor and it hasn’t been considered previously, which is a novelty of this work. The ways to increase the electromotive force in the generator are also considered. The main work goal was obtained by magnetic system analysis of generator using Ansys Maxwell software and disk rotor strength analysis using ASCON Компас-3D software. It is concluded that the magnetic reversal frequency of the stator cores depends on the number of permanent magnets on the rotor. The dependence of the magnetic induction average value in the U-shaped stator core on their number was obtained during the magnetic analysis. The disk rotor strength simulation allowed getting the maximum possible bend of the disk rotor under the influence of the one-sided magnetic attraction force. The neodymium permanent magnets help to improve generator efficiency and to decrease its mass-dimensional indicators. It was proposed to use an uneven permanent magnets distribution on the rotor in the transverse magnetic flux generator to reduce the resistance torque of the disk rotor. The permanent magnets attraction force that interacts with stator steel poles was considered. The dependence of magnetic attraction force of the permanent magnets on the air gap size of the generator has been obtained.

Innovations in the nuclear industry are inextricably linked to economic evaluations of new engineering solutions. To improve the economic literacy of students of engineering areas of training at NRNU MEPhI, an innovative course on the economics of digital design and engineering in the nuclear industry has been implemented since 2016. The structure of the interdisciplinary course is modular, which makes it possible to involve in the teaching activity specialists who are most competent in the respective areas of training. To increase the involvement of students, a software and hardware complex has been developed, which provides through the wi-fi classroom system a permanent online contact of the teacher with students. During the lectures, students respond in real time through their gadgets (smartphones, laptops, tablets, etc.) to 5 questions on the materials of each specific lecture, and during the workshops - solve about a dozen problems in the explanations of the teacher also through gadgets. This at the end of each lesson allows the teacher on his laptop not only to have a list of responses of each student to the second, but also to adjust the subsequent sessions to the understanding of certain aspects of the course. The work of students in the network allowed even as a creative task to develop a technological package «Nuclear technology-2035», showing a promising vision of the development of the domestic nuclear industry. In 2016-2020, more than 1400 students of various engineering specialties were trained. Statistical processing of the results of the control of the educational process allows us to make preliminary conclusions about the abilities (giftedness) of students to certain activities described, including in the course materials. Software and hardware complex can be used for other educational programs, which, depending on the subject area of study allows you to form a kind of «digital portrait» of each student Инновации в атомной отрасли неразрывно связаны с экономическими оценками новых инженерных решений. Для повышения экономической грамотности студентов инженерных направлений подготовки в НИЯУ МИФИ разработан и около пяти лет успешно реализуется инновационный междисциплинарный курс «Экономика цифрового проектирования и конструирования в атомной отрасли». Модульная структура курса позволяет привлекать специалистов, наиболее компетентных в соответствующих направлениях подготовки. Для повышения вовлеченности студентов создан программно-технический комплекс, обеспечивающий постоянный интернет-контакт преподавателя со студентами. Студенты в режиме реального времени с помощью своих гаджетов (смартфонов, планшетов и пр.) дают ответы на вопросы в ходе лекций, решают задачи в ходе практикумов. В конце занятия преподаватель имеет ведомость ответов каждого студента с точностью до секунды и может корректировать последующие занятия с учетом понимания тех или иных аспектов курса. Работа студентов в сети позволила даже в качестве творческого задания разработать технологический пакет «Ядерные технологии-2035», показывающий перспективное видение студентами развития отечественной атомной промышленности. В 2016-2020 гг. обучение прошли более 1400 студентов различных инженерных специальностей. Обработка результатов контроля учебного процесса позволяет делать предварительные выводы о способностях (одаренности) студентов к определенным видам деятельности, описанным, в том числе, в материалах курса. Программно-технический комплекс может быть использован и для других образовательных программ, что в зависимости от предметной области обучения позволяет формировать своеобразный «цифровой портрет» каждого студента ИННОВАЦИИ, Выпуск 4 (258) 2021, Pages 59-66