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The errors between the design parameters and experiment data of the power transformer in idle mode can reach 15-20% or more, because engineering techniques do not take into account in full all factors. Therefore, the aim of the work is to develop improved circuit models, which are interconnected with spatial electromagnetic field models. These models consider the active part design of the transformer, the hysteresis of the nonlinear magnetic properties of electrical steel, asymmetry and non-sinusoidal phase-to-phase currents and provide high accuracy determination of rated idling parameters of transformer. To research the idle mode of transformer, the circuit models were conjugated with 3D and 2D magnetic field models. Their numerical implementation was carried out by means of finite element method on the example of a three-phase power transformer (10 kVA, 380/220 V). The reduction of the computational time was performed by doubling cancellation of the volume of 3D three-phase transformer domain and the conformal transition to the 2D geometric domain. Determination of the effective magnetic characteristics of electrical steel according to single-phase idling experiment data, allows to take into account the combined effect of hysteresis and eddy currents, design and technological factors on the specific losses and magnetization power. This ensures high accuracy of the description of the interrelation between magnetic flux density and magnetic field strength, reducing of current error and relative errors in the calculation of idling losses up to 1.41% and 1.2% for the 3D model and up to 5.18% and 3.2% for the 2D model.

Today, the significant volumes of network traffic circulate through the Internet. The sources of such traffic are, in particular, the diverse territory distributed “smart” devices. The number of named devices is about billions. As a consequence, the relevance of bringing to practice the core concepts of the Internet of Things paradigm is constantly becoming more and more topical. It’s bound with the problem of granting the interoperability between the components of distributed software systems, built over the aforementioned devices. The web services are typically considered as the components of the system. To this end, to establish the interoperability between the components, despite the standardization, the need for the development of effective tools and techniques, granting the interoperability between the web services, arises. The goal of the work is to increase the effectiveness of the Internet of Things system engineering process by way of checking the interoperability between the components during the designing. The goal is achieved through the development of formal model for checking the interoperability between the components of the Internet of Things system by way of model checking in an automated manner. The novelty of proposed solution is grounded on the usage of Temporal Logic of Actions, corresponding formalism and the concept of action as the basis for compact and easily reconfigurable formal specifications synthesis. The adequacy of proposed model has been proved through the case study. The verification-related time costs have been estimated.

Принятие комплекса законодательных актов в сфере энергетики, объединяемых термином Energiewende , существенно изменило структуру потребления энергии в Германии: в настоящее время наи-большую долю в ней занимает зеленая энергия, выработанная за счет использования ветра, солнца, воды и биомассы. Подобные изменения, безусловно, можно расценивать как успех. Однако, одновременно с целена-правленным изменением структуры производства и потребления энергии в Германии возникли определенные социально-политические, экономические и юридические проблемы, требующие тщательного изучения. Дискус-сионным является вопрос о соответствии целей и предлагаемых мер их достижения, в частности, в отношении бесперебойности энергообеспечения, расширения электрических сетей, совершенствования подхода к ценооб-разованию, экологических последствий с учетом курса на тотальное расширение производства энергии за счет возобновляемых источников. Актуальными для Германии и затрагивающими энергетическую политику России являются вопросы ускоренного сворачивания ядерной энергетики и легитимности национального курса Герма-нии на продвижение зеленой энергетики в контексте интеграции с Европейским энергетическим рынком. В статье выполнен анализ указанного комплекса проблем и охарактеризована роль национального законода-тельства Германии в их решении. from wind, solar, water and biomass now provides the largest contribution to the total electricity consumption. In this respect, Energiewende can be regarded as an overall success. But in parallel to this scenario, a critical discourse has evolved concerning socio-political, economic and legal issues. The congruence of objectives and measures for example, in regards to ensuring security of supply, expansion of electricity networks, development of electricity price and envi-ronmental consequences in the course of expansion of electricity generation from renewable sources is the main focus of socio-political and economic discussions. Accelerated phase-out of nuclear energy and constitutional disputes regarding the legality of national orientation of the promotional scheme for green electricity in respect to the integration of German electricity sector in the European internal market for energy are in the centre of the debate and have a remarkable impact on the energy policy in Russia as well. Against this background, present article examines the con-tribution of German Energiewende to the resolution of complex challenges of the developed industrial society. №4 (226) (2017)

Our article focuses on the essence, characteristics, and the structure of the labor potential of the region as well as its role in socio-economic development, territorial and environmental characteristics of labor resources and mechanisms for the reproduction of labor potential. Our results are based on a conceptual and methodological review of foreign and domestic sources. Perspective directions of labor resources research manifest such common features as the assessment of migration risks, the influence of globalization factors, forecasting the dependence of labor productivity at the regional level on market factors, climatic conditions, insurance mechanisms, and other factors. We conclude that research activity directed at human resources of the regions and their qualitative and quantitative properties is extremely high. Moreover, we note a high level of interest of scientists to the problem of labor potential at the micro, meso and macro level in Russian Federation. Our paper pays special attention to the analysis of existing approaches to methods for assessing the labor potential of the region, as proposed by Russian researchers and applied in the Russian Federation. Moreover, it considers the features of the main methodological approaches, studies their classification, as well as the technology of evaluation depending on the research tasks and objectives. We describe the method used for measuring the labor potential of a region on the basis of the index method which allows us to take into account its specific conditions of its reproduction and use at the regional level, as well as to conduct reasonable comparative assessments. In addition, we present our own calculations carried out on the basis of the proposed method and employing the state and the level of development of labor potential in the North Caucasus and Southern Caucasus federal districts, as well as in the Russian Federation as a whole.

The work is dedicated to the study of the influence of the wind turbine lightning protection system on the possibility of a lightning strike to the lightning rod, to the protected object and to the surface of the earth. The aim of the work is to study atmospheric electric fields for a complex object: a wind turbine, a thundercloud and a surface of the earth, in two versions - with and without a lightning protection system. This goal is achieved by constructing a mathematical model based on the Laplace equation of elliptic type and boundary conditions for calculating the electric flow function. Computational experiments over a wind turbine carried out in two basic configurations: using a rodtype lightning protection system and without it. The most significant result of the work is a mathematical model with boundary conditions that determines the rigid boundaries of the object of study and constant values at the free and symmetric boundaries for calculating the electric flow function, the method of finding the specific distribution of the lines of the flow function along the boundaries of the studied wind power installation, and the results of computational experiments. As a result, it was found that the applied numerical calculation method allows analyzing the features of the atmospheric electrostatic field near the pointed peaks. The proposed mathematical model makes it possible increasing of the efficiency of lightning protection of a power plant and can be used to simulate other objects using a rod type of lightning protection.

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Ukraine in terms of water availability ranked 17th among 20 European countries. Its water resources depend on the river flow from the territories of the neighboring countries (76.6%) and only about a fourth of it is formed within the country (23.4%). The prevailing part of the territory of the country is characterized by low and very low water availability (1.98 - 0.12 thousand m3 per person). Only the Transcarpathian region belongs to the category of average water availability (6.3 thousand m3 per person.) Most of the research results confirm the high probability of a 25-70% decrease in the water resources of the Ukraine in the 21st century. Stabilization and even an increase in water resources are expected within the Ukrainian Carpathians. Given the results of modeling, we should expect further increase in the water deficit in the zone of unsustainable agriculture - in the southern regions of Ukraine already to the middle XXI century. Украина по показателю обеспеченности водными ресурсами занимает 17 место среди 20 европейских стран. Ее водные ресурсы зависят от речного стока с территорий прилегающих стран (76,6%) и только приблизительно их четвертая часть формируется в пределах страны (23,4%). Преобладающая часть территории страны характеризуется низкой и очень низкой водообеспеченностью (1,98 - 0,12 тыс.м3 на одного человека). Лишь Закарпатская область принадлежит к категории средней обеспеченности местным стоком (6,3 тыс.м3 на одного человека. Большинство результатов исследований подтверждают высокую вероятность уменьшения водных ресурсов равнинной Украины в ХХІ веке на 25-70%. В пределах Украинских Карпат ожидается стабилизация и даже увеличение водных ресурсов. Учитывая имеющиеся результаты моделирования, следует ожидать дальнейшего увеличения дефицита водных ресурсов в зоне неустойчивого земледелия – в южных регионах Украины уже к средине ХХІ века.

The presence of higher current harmonics has a negative impact on the efficiency and reliability of the elements of network. Higher current harmonics can lead to significant increases of resistance, voltage drop and active losses in busbar, also to decreasing network power factor. Existing engineering techniques can’t provide a reliable calculation of the parameters of busbars at higher current harmonics influences. Therefore, the aim of the work is to develop a new approach of parameters determination and the voltage drop estimation in busbar at higher current harmonics influence. Mathematical model of electromagnetic processes in busbar, which takes into account their design features, non-linearity of magnetic and electrophysical properties, proximity effects, surface and external surface effects, was developed and proposed. This model will allow to determinate the components of active and reactive resistances of busbar, voltage drops for each eigenvalue of the amplitude and frequency of current harmonics. Based on field simulation results was obtained the functional dependence in bicubic polynomial form. For effective spectra and amplitudes of higher harmonics, at selecting the corresponding polynomial coefficients, it will allow to determinate the components and the resulting values of voltage drops for an individual busbar’s design without spending time on field simulation. Based on the proposed approach, a method will be developed for the busbar's parameters identification and voltage drop estimation. This will allow effectively define the network configuration, installed capacity of compensating devices, which will provide the reliability of electrical collectors with the declared technical data and etc.

The article proposes a method for reducing time necessary for subsuming a certain document in order to classify the text documents by reducing the term vector size of certain categories. According to the method, the term weight factors were calculated for each classification category to implement subsuming process at the stage of training a certain system. As a result of the analysis of the obtained data, the individual category terms, whose weight values did not exceed the experimentally determined threshold value, were excluded from the term vector of the category by equating them to zero. Those terms were not involved in the further subsuming process at the testing stage. As the input data for the experimental part, the TF-SLF reference method and its modernization CTFSLF according to those described above were proposed. Due to the application of the method proposed, the differential term vector size for each category was decreased. Despite the increase in the compile time of the term vector according to categories, which was performed only once, the calculation time used to determine whether or not a document belonged to a specific category decreased without losing the classification quality. In addition, due to the fact that the proposed method excluded the words that were used in the texts frequently, it became possible to exclude the stage of removing the stop words from the pretreatment process of the analyzed text. For the same reason, the problem of misprints and the words "stuck together" in the initial, training sample was solved