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This repository is complementary material for storing and sharing the scientific data used in the article 'Precipitation Trends using Gridded Dynamic Sampling Zones: Case Study Yangtze Delta Megalopolis'. It includes: binarized landuse images in geotiff format, calculated time series of percentile statistics in csv format.

The most severe failures in power grids are often characterized as cascading failures where an initial event triggers consequent failures all along the grid often leading to blackouts. Upon identifying a failure and its cascade potential, timely control actions should be performed by the grid operators to mitigate the effect of the cascade. These actions have to be delivered to one or more control devices, creating a dependency between the power grid and its control network. This paper examines the dependency of the operation of the power grid on the control network. Different from literature studies on failure control, our dependency model captures the impact of networking parameters. We formulate an algorithmic model that describes the impact of this dependency on cascade control. Based on this model, we propose an efficient cascade control algorithm using load shedding with consideration of delays in the communication network for power grids. Finally, we evaluate the impact of the power-communication network dependency with uncontrolled grids, ideal/simple control grids and our proposed control scheme. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the failure of power lines while sustaining larger power demand for users.

This paper reports the generalized results of computer simulation of physical processes at a rotor-disk film evaporating plant. Optimization of the operation mode cannot be achieved without establishing patterns in the course of physical processes. We have proposed a computer model of hydrodynamics that accounts for all the features, initial and boundary conditions. The results of computer simulations make it possible to adequately assess the effectiveness of using a rotor-disk film evaporating plant (RDFVP) for the concentration of heat-labile materials. We have established patterns in the course of physical processes within a structure of RDFVP by using computer simulation of hydrodynamics in the programming environment ANSYS and applying a k-e turbulence model. The result of simulation is the derived velocity fields of the concentrated fluid (w max =0.413 m/s) and the gas phase (w max =8.176 m/s), as well as the magnitude of values for shear stress τ=0.94·10 -6 Pa. It was established that the gas heat-carrier is characterized by the highly-turbulent flows with maximum values for kinetic energy TKE max =8.985·10 -1 m 2 /s 2 . The reliability of results is ensured by the correctness, completeness, and adequacy of physical assumptions when stating the problem and while solving it using the computer aided design system ANSYS. It has been established that the proposed structure is an effective alternative to equipment for the concentration of solutions. The data obtained could be used when designing heat-and-mass-exchange equipment for the highly efficient dehydration of thermolabile materials

Rapid urbanization combined with high economic growth, industrialization, and changes in socio-economic conditions increase the quantity of municipal solid waste. Cities located in South-Asia are facing serious issues due to waste, with countries like India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan top of the list of bad waste management. The increasing generation of solid waste and also the improper management of waste in Bangladesh leads to environmental degradation. Current waste management practice in Bangladesh is so weak that day by day it is harming the climate and creating a lot of unwanted situations. This research consists of an examination of the current administrative measures and presents another proposition for the executive cycle to decrease ecological contamination. The research study aims to decrease the amount of waste being dumped into municipal sanitary landfill sites & converting the waste into energy which is both financially and environmentally suitable by involving unemployed people in the management system. The results of this study will give an idea of how waste can be utilized as a resource and how this resource can be a capital good as well as how the local level problems can be solved by taking some strategies and making our environment suitable for future generations.

This research presents a 100% renewable energy (RE) scenario by 2050 with a high share of electric vehicles on the grid (V2G) developed in Ecuador with the support of the EnergyPLAN analysis tool. Hour-by-hour data iterations were performed to determine solutions among various features, including energy storage, V2G connections that spanned the distribution system, and long-term evaluation. The high participation in V2G connections keeps the electrical system available; meanwhile, the high proportions of variable renewable energy are the pillar of the joint electrical system. The layout of the sustainable mobility scenario and the high V2G participation maintain the balance of the electrical system during most of the day, simplifying the storage equipment requirements. Consequently, the influence of V2G systems on storage is a significant result that must be considered in the energy transition that Ecuador is developing in the long term. The stored electricity will not only serve as storage for future grid use. Additionally, the V2G batteries serve as a buffer between generation from diversified renewable sources and the end-use stage.

Les insectes nuisibles sont un problème très courant dans les jardins de thé où ils causent une perte énorme chaque année. L'étude a été menée pour mesurer le potentiel d'un piège à lumière LED solaire en tant que technologie de lutte antiparasitaire respectueuse de l'environnement dans le jardin de thé du Bangladesh. Les résultats ont montré que le plus grand nombre d'insectes des ordres des coléoptères (3526) et des hémiptères (557) était capturé sous le piège à lumière LED solaire alors qu'il était le plus faible chez les hyménoptères (47) et les orthoptères (3). Les résultats de l'étude ont également indiqué que sur une moyenne de 9 jours, le nombre total d'insectes capturés était de 725, 244, 146, 112 et 85 à 6-7, 7-8, 8-9, 9-10 et 22-11 heures, respectivement, alors qu'il était de 656, 1004, 566, 3970, 602, 489, 680, 620 et 3222 du 1er au 9e jour, respectivement. Par conséquent, le taux décroissant moyen avec le temps (horaire) a été calculé à 66,34, 40,16, 23,29 et 24,11 % par rapport à la 1ère heure (18h-19h). Le patron moyen de capture des insectes par rapport aux 1ers jours a été diminué ou vice-versa. De 18h00 à 11h00, l'intensité lumineuse initiale a été mesurée à 28 lux, ce qui a augmenté jusqu'à 245 lux à 20h00, puis a considérablement diminué. L'intensité lumineuse a une relation positive avec la capture des insectes. La plupart des insectes coléoptères et hémiptères ont été capturés sous faible intensité lumineuse en début de soirée (18h00). Par conséquent, l'étude a suggéré que le piège à lumière LED à base solaire pourrait avoir le potentiel de réduire un grand nombre de parasites du thé dans le jardin de thé. Las plagas de insectos son un problema muy común en el jardín de té, donde causan una gran pérdida cada año. El estudio se realizó para medir la potencialidad de una trampa de luz LED basada en energía solar como una tecnología de manejo de plagas ecológica en el jardín de té de Bangladesh. Los resultados mostraron que el mayor número de insectos de los órdenes Coleoptera (3526) y Hemiptera (557) se capturaron bajo la trampa de luz LED basada en energía solar, mientras que fue más bajo en Hymenoptera (47) y Orthoptera (3). Los resultados del estudio también indicaron que en un promedio de 9 días, el total de insectos capturados (número) fue de 725, 244, 146, 112 y 85 a las 6-7, 7-8, 8-9, 9-10 y 10-11 pm, respectivamente, mientras que fue de 656, 1004, 566, 3970, 602, 489, 680, 620 y 3222 en los días 1 a 9, respectivamente. Por lo tanto, la tasa media de disminución con el tiempo (por hora) se calculó en 66.34, 40.16, 23.29 y 24.11% en comparación con la 1ª hora (6-7 pm). El patrón medio capturado de los insectos en comparación con los primeros días disminuyó o viceversa. De 6:00 p. m. a 11:00 a. m., la intensidad de la luz inicial se midió a 28 lux, que se elevó hasta 245 lux a las 8:00 p. m., después de lo cual se redujo drásticamente. La intensidad de la luz tiene una relación positiva con la captura de insectos. La mayoría de los insectos coleópteros y hemípteros fueron capturados bajo baja intensidad de luz en la tarde (6.00 pm). Por lo tanto, el estudio sugirió que la trampa de luz LED basada en energía solar podría tener el potencial de reducir una gran cantidad de plagas de té en el jardín de té. Insect pest is a very common problem in tea garden where they caused a huge loss in each year. The study was conducted to measure the potentiality of a solar based LED light trap as an eco-friendly pest management technology in the tea garden of Bangladesh. The results showed that the highest number of insects from Coleoptera (3526) and Hemiptera (557) orders were captured under the solar based LED light trap while it was lowest in Hymenoptera (47) and Orthoptera (3). The study results also indicated that in an average of 9 days, total captured insects (number) were 725, 244, 146, 112, and 85 at 6-7, 7-8, 8-9, 9-10, and 10-11 pm, respectively while it was 656, 1004, 566, 3970, 602, 489, 680, 620 and 3222 at 1st to 9th days, respectively. Hence, the average decreasing rate with time (hourly) was computed at 66.34, 40.16, 23.29, and 24.11% compared to the 1st hour (6-7 pm). The average captured pattern of the insects compared to the 1st days was decreased or vice-versa. From 6.00 pm to 11.00 am, the initial light intensity was measured at 28 lux which raised up to 245 lux at 8.00 pm after that it down drastically. Light intensity has a positive relation with insect capture. Most of the Coleopteran and Hemipteran insects were captured under low light intensity in the early evening (6.00 pm). Therefore, the study suggested that the solar based LED light trap might have the potential to reduce a great number of tea pests in the tea garden. الآفات الحشرية هي مشكلة شائعة جدا في حديقة الشاي حيث تسببت في خسارة كبيرة في كل عام. أُجريت الدراسة لقياس إمكانات مصيدة إضاءة LED القائمة على الطاقة الشمسية كتقنية صديقة للبيئة لإدارة الآفات في حديقة الشاي في بنغلاديش. وأظهرت النتائج أن أكبر عدد من الحشرات من غمديات الأجنحة (3526) ونصف الأجنحة (557) تم التقاطها تحت فخ ضوء LED الشمسي بينما كان أدنى مستوى في غشاء البكارة (47) و Orthoptera (3). كما أشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى أنه في متوسط 9 أيام، بلغ إجمالي الحشرات التي تم اصطيادها (العدد) 725 و 244 و 146 و 112 و 85 في 6-7 و 7-8 و 8-9 و 9-10 و 10-11 مساءً، على التوالي، بينما كان 656 و 1004 و 566 و 3970 و 602 و 489 و 680 و 620 و 3222 في الأيام من الأول إلى التاسع على التوالي. وبالتالي، تم حساب متوسط معدل التناقص مع الوقت (بالساعة) عند 66.34 و 40.16 و 23.29 و 24.11 ٪ مقارنة بالساعة الأولى (6-7 مساءً). انخفض متوسط النمط الذي تم التقاطه من الحشرات مقارنة بالأيام الأولى أو العكس. من الساعة 6:00 مساءً إلى الساعة 11:00 صباحًا، تم قياس شدة الضوء الأولية عند 28 لوكس والتي ارتفعت إلى 245 لوكس في الساعة 8:00 مساءً بعد ذلك انخفضت بشكل كبير. شدة الضوء لها علاقة إيجابية مع التقاط الحشرات. تم التقاط معظم حشرات غمدية الأجنحة ونصف الأجنحة تحت شدة الإضاءة المنخفضة في وقت مبكر من المساء (6.00 مساءً). لذلك، أشارت الدراسة إلى أن مصيدة ضوء LED القائمة على الطاقة الشمسية قد يكون لها القدرة على تقليل عدد كبير من آفات الشاي في حديقة الشاي.

Micro- and nanoscale patterned monolayers of plasmonic nanoparticles were fabricated by combining concepts from colloidal chemistry, self-assembly, and subtractive soft lithography. Leveraging chemical interactions between the capping ligands of pre-synthesized gold colloids and a polydimethylsiloxane stamp, we demonstrated patterning gold nanoparticles over centimeter-scale areas with a variety of micro- and nanoscale geometries, including islands, lines, and chiral structures (e.g., square spirals). By successfully achieving nanoscale manipulation over a wide range of substrates and patterns, we establish a powerful and straightforward strategy, nanoparticle chemical lift-off lithography (NP-CLL), for the economical and scalable fabrication of functional plasmonic materials with colloidal nanoparticles as building blocks, offering a transformative solution for designing next-generation plasmonic technologies.