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  • Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Pelletier, Chloé; François, Jessica; Bosc, Alexandre; Picart, D.; +9 Authors

    In this work, several models have been coupled in order to represent the whole forest-to-energy production chain: the growth phase, the primary transformation, and the ultimate conversion to heat and/or electricity. Combined with literature data for wood transportation, they gave a complete balance of emissions to compare with fossil-based alternatives. An economic analysis completes the work. The results show that wood-based scenarios do perform better than their fossil counterparts, but also that the primary transformation and transportation items can greatly diminish this advantage. Further work will focus on determining the best metric to assess the climate change impact of forestry scenarios based on the timing of carbo dioxide emissions as well as geophysical effects such as albedo and evapotranspiration. Proceedings of the 24th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 6-9 June 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 1402-1404

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Agritroparrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Agritrop
    Conference object . 2016
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    https://dx.doi.org/10.5071/24t...
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Agritroparrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Agritrop
      Conference object . 2016
      Data sources: Agritrop
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      https://dx.doi.org/10.5071/24t...
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid Pörtner, H-O;
    Pörtner, H-O
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Pörtner, H-O in OpenAIRE
    Scholes, R J; orcid Arneth, A;
    Arneth, A
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Arneth, A in OpenAIRE
    Barnes, D K A; +14 Authors

    Earth’s biodiversity and human societies face pollution, overconsumption of natural resources, urbanization, demographic shifts, social and economic inequalities, and habitat loss, many of which are exacerbated by climate change. Here, we review links among climate, biodiversity, and society and develop a roadmap toward sustainability. These include limiting warming to 1.5°C and effectively conserving and restoring functional ecosystems on 30 to 50% of land, freshwater, and ocean “scapes.” We envision a mosaic of interconnected protected and shared spaces, including intensively used spaces, to strengthen self-sustaining biodiversity, the capacity of people and nature to adapt to and mitigate climate change, and nature’s contributions to people. Fostering interlinked human, ecosystem, and planetary health for a livable future urgently requires bold implementation of transformative policy interventions through interconnected institutions, governance, and social systems from local to global levels.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Science
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Science
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Streier, Robin; Wirtz, Siegmar; Aleksandrov, Krasimir; Gehrmann, Hans-Joachim; +5 Authors

    This research investigates the flight behavior of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) in a drop shaft using Computer Vision to obtain statistical data on the aerodynamic properties of the particles. Methods to determine 3D geometry models of complex-shaped particles by photogrammetry and to obtain time resolved particle positions and velocities are described. Furthermore, an approach to obtain the frequency distribution of drag and lift coefficients from photogrammetric analysis and drop shaft experiments is presented. The image evaluation is based on algorithms of the open-source libraries OpenCV, COLMAP as well as MeshLab and Open3D. The precision of the system is validated employing model particles with known geometry. The 3D particle models overestimate the particle surface area by 4.58 %, the position detection works with a mean deviation of 2.73 %. The average sink rate is calculated with an accuracy of 4.87 % and the drag coefficient with an accuracy of 2.08 %. Finally, the frequency distribution of four RDF fractions, namely, textiles, cardboard, 3D plastic particles and 2D plastic foils are presented.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Fuel
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Fuel
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Fuchs, Richard; orcid Herold, Martin;
    Herold, Martin
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Herold, Martin in OpenAIRE
    orcid Verburg, Peter H.;
    Verburg, Peter H.
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Verburg, Peter H. in OpenAIRE
    Clevers, Jan G. P. W.; +1 Authors

    AbstractHistoric land‐cover/use change is important for studies on climate change, soil carbon, and biodiversity assessments. Available reconstructions focus on the net area difference between two time steps (net changes) instead of accounting for all area gains and losses (gross changes). This leads to a serious underestimation of land‐cover/use dynamics with impacts on the biogeochemical and environmental assessments based on these reconstructions. In this study, we quantified to what extent land‐cover/use reconstructions underestimate land‐cover/use changes in Europe for the 1900–2010 period by accounting for net changes only. We empirically analyzed available historic land‐change data, quantified their uncertainty, corrected for spatial‐temporal effects and identified underlying processes causing differences between gross and net changes. Gross changes varied for different land classes (largest for forest and grassland) and led to two to four times the amount of net changes. We applied the empirical results of gross change quantities in a spatially explicit reconstruction of historic land change to reconstruct gross changes for the EU27 plus Switzerland at 1 km spatial resolution between 1950 and 2010. In addition, the reconstruction was extended back to 1900 to explore the effects of accounting for gross changes on longer time scales. We created a land‐change reconstruction that only accounted for net changes for comparison. Our two model outputs were compared with five commonly used global reconstructions for the same period and area. In our reconstruction, gross changes led in total to a 56% area change (ca. 0.5% yr−1) between 1900 and 2010 and cover twice the area of net changes. All global reconstructions used for comparison estimated fewer changes than our gross change reconstruction. Main land‐change processes were cropland/grassland dynamics and afforestation, and also deforestation and urbanization.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Global Change Biolog...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Global Change Biology
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Global Change Biolog...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Global Change Biology
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Nadia Belmonte; orcid Maximilian Fichtner;
    Maximilian Fichtner
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Maximilian Fichtner in OpenAIRE
    Pietro Moretto; Jianjiang Hu; +7 Authors

    Abstract In the framework of the European project SSH2S, a solid-state hydrogen storage tank - fuel cell system was demonstrated as Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) for a light duty vehicle. In this work, we have assessed the environmental impacts and the costs of the system developed. Following an eco-design approach, we have identified the processes mostly contributing to them and we have suggested possible improvements. By performing a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), we found that, when the electricity consumption for hydrogen gas compression is included into the analysis, a solid-state hydrogen storage tank has similar greenhouse gas emissions and primary energy demand than those of type III and IV tanks. However, the resources depletion is higher for the solid-state system, even though the inclusions of the end of life of the APU and the recycling of the materials may result in different conclusions. The costs of an APU equipped with a solid-state hydrogen storage tank are significantly higher, about 1.5–2 times the systems based on type III and IV tanks. However, mature technologies are compared with a prototype, which has much room for optimization. To improve both the environmental and economic performances of the APU, a reduction of structural materials for both the solid-state hydrogen tank and Balance of Plant is recommended.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Archivio Istituziona...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Archivio Istituziona...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Frans Bongers; orcid Groenendijk Peter E;
    Groenendijk Peter E
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Groenendijk Peter E in OpenAIRE
    Mart Vlam; orcid Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin;
    Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin in OpenAIRE
    +3 Authors

    AbstractThe important role of tropical forests in the global carbon cycle makes it imperative to assess changes in their carbon dynamics for accurate projections of future climate–vegetation feedbacks. Forest monitoring studies conducted over the past decades have found evidence for both increasing and decreasing growth rates of tropical forest trees. The limited duration of these studies restrained analyses to decadal scales, and it is still unclear whether growth changes occurred over longer time scales, as would be expected if CO2‐fertilization stimulated tree growth. Furthermore, studies have so far dealt with changes in biomass gain at forest‐stand level, but insights into species‐specific growth changes – that ultimately determine community‐level responses – are lacking. Here, we analyse species‐specific growth changes on a centennial scale, using growth data from tree‐ring analysis for 13 tree species (~1300 trees), from three sites distributed across the tropics. We used an established (regional curve standardization) and a new (size‐class isolation) growth‐trend detection method and explicitly assessed the influence of biases on the trend detection. In addition, we assessed whether aggregated trends were present within and across study sites. We found evidence for decreasing growth rates over time for 8–10 species, whereas increases were noted for two species and one showed no trend. Additionally, we found evidence for weak aggregated growth decreases at the site in Thailand and when analysing all sites simultaneously. The observed growth reductions suggest deteriorating growth conditions, perhaps due to warming. However, other causes cannot be excluded, such as recovery from large‐scale disturbances or changing forest dynamics. Our findings contrast growth patterns that would be expected if elevated CO2 would stimulate tree growth. These results suggest that commonly assumed growth increases of tropical forests may not occur, which could lead to erroneous predictions of carbon dynamics of tropical forest under climate change.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Global Change Biolog...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Global Change Biology
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Global Change Biolog...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Global Change Biology
      Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid Fan, Xinyang;
    Fan, Xinyang
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Fan, Xinyang in OpenAIRE

    Der Klimawandel wird sich voraussichtlich auf das Grundwasser auswirken, aber die Prognosen sind sehr unsicher. Die Quantifizierung der historischen Auswirkungen ermöglicht ein besseres Verständnis der Reaktion des Grundwassers, wurde aber aufgrund des komplexen Einflusses verschiedener Faktoren, wie Grundwasserentnahme für die landwirtschaftliche Bewässerung und Landnutzungsänderungen, nur selten untersucht. Diese Arbeit zielt darauf ab, zum Verständnis und zur Quantifizierung der historischen Auswirkungen von Klimawandel und -schwankungen auf das Grundwasser durch drei miteinander verbundene Forschungsfragen beizutragen: Frage 1: Wie sensitiv reagieren der Grundwasserstand und die Grundwasserneubildung auf Klimaschwankungen in Australien? Frage 2: Wie stark sind die Veränderungen des Grundwasserstands auf den anthropogenen Klimawandel in Australien zurückzuführen und wann haben sich diese Auswirkungen auf das Grundwasser bemerkbar gemacht? Frage 3: Wie haben und werden sich die langfristigen Klimawandel und -schwankungen auf den Grundwasserabfluss (niedriger, mittlerer und hoher Abfluss) in einem großen Karsteinzugsgebiet (schneebeeinflusst, gemäßigtes Klima) in Mitteleuropa auswirken? Die Frage 1 wurde durch Quantifizierung der Sensitivität des Grundwasserstands und der Grundwasserneubildung gegenüber Klimaschwankungen in Australien untersucht. Insgesamt 4350 Messstellen wurden zunächst mit der Zeitreihen-Grundwasser-Toolbox HydroSight modelliert, und 1143 (26%) davon wurden als klimadominierte Messstellen identifiziert. Zur Quantifizierung der Grundwassersensitivität wurde dann ein multipler linearer Regressionsansatz angewandt, der an Studien zur Elastizität von Wasserflüssen adaptiert wurde. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Grundwasserstand und die Grundwasserneubildung etwa achtmal sensitiver auf Niederschläge reagieren als auf Veränderungen der potenziellen Evapotranspiration. Die inhärenten Eigenschaften der Gebiete, wie Klimatyp und Hydrogeologie, scheinen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Kontrolle der Grundwassersensitivität zu spielen. Die Frage 2 wurde untersucht, indem historische Veränderungen des Grundwasserstands in Australien festgestellt und auf den anthropogenen Klimawandel zurückgeführt wurden. An den vom Klima dominierten Standorten wurde ein Modellierungsexperiment durchgeführt, um die Veränderungen des Grundwasserstands sowohl in der faktischen als auch in der kontrafaktischen (natürlichen) Welt mit und ohne menschlichen Einfluss zu simulieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass 90% der Standorte seit den 1950er Jahren eine signifikante Grundwasserabsenkung erfahren haben, die auf den anthropogenen Klimawandel zurückzuführen ist. Im Südwesten Australien ist die Abnahme am höchsten und liegt viermal so hoch wie der nationale Median (-74 gegenüber -19 mm pro Jahr). Diese Ergebnisse gehören zu den ersten, die zeigen, dass das Grundwasser bereits seit längerer Zeit den negativen Auswirkungen des anthropogenen Klimawandels leidet. Zur Beantwortung von Frage 3 wurde die Reaktion des Grundwasserabflusses auf Klimawandel und -schwankungen in einem schneebeeinflussten Karsteinzugsgebiet der gemäßigten Breiten (Blautopf) in Süddeutschland zwischen 1952 und 2100 quantifiziert. In dieser Studie wurden statistische Methoden und konzeptionelle Modellierungen eingesetzt, um die langfristigen Auswirkungen zu quantifizieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Veränderungen des jährlichen mittleren und niedrigen Abflusses nicht signifikant waren, aber der jährliche Spitzenabfluss hat sich aufgrund der weniger intensiven Schneeschmelze auf einen niedrigen Wert (< 13,6 m3/s) verschoben. Trotz nicht signifikanter historischer Veränderungen werden alle hoch-, niedrig- und mittleren Abflüsse bis zum Jahr 2100 voraussichtlich abnehmen. Diese Ergebnisse können auf potenzielle Risiken der Wassermangelversorgung an ähnlichen klimatischen und geologischen Standorten hinweisen. Die Quantifizierung der historischen Auswirkungen von Klimawandel und -schwankungen auf das Grundwasser trägt zu einem besseren Verständnis der Reaktion des Grundwassers bei und erhöht die Zuverlässigkeit der Vorhersagen. Nur wenn wir die Vergangenheit verstehen, können wir bessere Vorhersagen für die Zukunft machen.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Doctoral thesis . 2023
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
      Doctoral thesis . 2023
      License: CC BY NC ND
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Le, Victoria;

    Um den weltweit wachsenden Energiebedarf zu decken, müssen die Anstrengungen zur Entwicklung hocheffizienter Batteriesysteme verstärkt werden. Die modernste Technologie, die Lithium-Ionen-Batterie (LIB), gilt als unumstritten und ist daher in fast allen mobilen Geräten zu finden. Trotz ihres unbestreitbaren Wertes für die Menschheit sind die Ressourcen an Lithium, Nickel, Kobalt und anderen wesentlichen Elementen begrenzt. Aus diesem Grund stellen metallfreie, organische Batterien einewünschenswerte Alternative dar. Metallorganische Radikalbatterien, die auf nitroxylhaltigen Polymeren wie Poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxymethacrylat) (PTMA) basieren, wurden erstmals 2002 veröffentlicht, und kurz darauf wurde die erste rein organische Radikalbatterie (ORB) vorgestellt. Ein großerNachteil der organischenMaterialien ist allerdings ihre vergleichsweise geringe spezifische Kapazität, da ein großer Anteil ihrer Masse nicht an den elektrochemischen Prozessen beteiligt ist, sondern z.B. der strukturellen Stabilität von Nitroxid-Radikalen dient. Um dieses Problem zu überwinden, wurden neue Klassen von nicht-radikalischen redoxaktiven Polymeren auf der Basis von Cyclopropeniumkationen und Quadratsäureamiden untersucht. Die funktionellen Gruppen bestanden aus den kleinsten molekularen Zyklen (d.h. drei- und viergliedrigen Zyklen), welche aufgrund ihrer aromatischenNatur hohe Redoxpotentiale und Zyklenstabilität aufwiesen. Obwohl beide funktionellen Gruppen seit Jahrzehnten bekannt sind, wurde erst in den letzten Jahren die Anwendung von Cyclopropenium-Kationen als hochpotente Katholyten in Redox-Flow- Batterien (RFBs) untersucht. Soweit wir wissen, sind Quadratsäureamide seit Hünigs grundlegenden elektrochemischen Studien im Jahr 1977 nicht mehr mit dem Fokus auf Batterieanwendungen untersucht worden. Aus diesem Grund wurden neue Polymere synthetisiert, die mit Aminocyclopropeniumkationen (ACPs) und Quadratsäureamidderivaten (SAA), insbesondere Quadratsäurechinoxalinen (SQXs), dekoriert waren. Ihre physikalischen und elektrochemischen Eigenschaften wurden im Hinblick auf ihre Verwendung als organisches Kathodenmaterial für Batterien untersucht. Während die synthetisierten ACP-Polymerverbindungen sehr hygroskopisch waren und irreversible Oxidationen in Lösung unterlaufen sind, stellten sich die SAA-Polymere als vielversprechender heraus. Es konnte demonstriert werden, dass vor allem die SQX-Polymere vorteilhafte Charakteristiken wie eine hohe thermische Stabilität und reversible Redoxeigenschaften in Lösung aufweisen. In nachfolgenden galvanostatischen Zyklisierungen wurde die Leistung von ausgewählten Polymeren in Lithium Halbzellen untersucht. Ein SQX Polymer ist dabei besonders herausgestochen durch seine sehr hohe Zyklisierbarkeit über einhundert Zyklen. Obwohl die erste Entladekapazität (43.7 mAh g−1) deutlich niedriger als die theoretische Kapazität war (66.8 mAh g−1), blieben nach 100 Zyklen 91 % der ersten Entladekapazität (39.8 mAh g−1) erhalten. Es wird erwartet, dass durch weitere Untersuchungen an kritischen Faktoren für die elektrochemischen Eigenschaften diese neuen redoxaktiven SQX Polymere einen signifikanten Beitrag zu der Entwicklung von organischen Batterien leisten werden.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Doctoral thesis . 2023
    Data sources: Datacite
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: orcid Yiwei Hu;
    Yiwei Hu
    ORCID
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    Yiwei Hu in OpenAIRE
    orcid Benlei Wang;
    Benlei Wang
    ORCID
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    Benlei Wang in OpenAIRE
    orcid Zhanghua Wu;
    Zhanghua Wu
    ORCID
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    Zhanghua Wu in OpenAIRE
    Jianying Hu; +2 Authors

    Thermoacoustic technology emerges as a sustainable and low-carbon method for energy conversion, leveraging environmentally friendly working mediums and independence from electricity. This study presents the development of a multimode heat-driven thermoacoustic system designed to utilize medium/low-grade heat sources for room-temperature cooling and heating. We constructed both a simulation model and an experimental prototype for a single-unit direct-coupled thermoacoustic system, exploring its performance in heating-only, cooling-only, and hybrid heating and cooling modes. Internal characteristic analysis including an examination of internal exergy loss and a distribution analysis of key parameters was first conducted in the hybrid cooling and heating mode. The results indicated a positive-focused traveling-wave-dominant acoustic field within the thermoacoustic core unit, enhancing energy conversion efficiency. The output system performance was subsequently tested under different working conditions in the heating-only and cooling-only modes. A maximum output heating power of 2.3 kW and a maximum COPh of 1.41 were observed in the heating-only mode. Meanwhile, a cooling power of 748 W and a COPc of 0.4 were obtained in the typical cooling condition at 7 °C when operating in cooling-only mode. These findings underscore the promising potential of thermoacoustic systems for efficiently utilizing medium/low-grade heat sources for cooling and/or heating applications in the future.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
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    Applied Physics Letters
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
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      Applied Physics Letters
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: orcid Egbert H. van Nes;
    Egbert H. van Nes
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    Egbert H. van Nes in OpenAIRE
    Marten Scheffer; Milena Holmgren; orcid Chi Xu;
    Chi Xu
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    Chi Xu in OpenAIRE
    +3 Authors

    AbstractAlthough canopy height has long been a focus of interest in ecology, it has remained difficult to study at large spatial scales. Recently, satellite‐borne LiDAR equipment produced the first systematic high resolution maps of vegetation height worldwide. Here we show that this new resource reveals three marked modes in tropical canopy height ~40, ~12, and ~2 m corresponding to forest, savanna, and treeless landscapes. The distribution of these modes is consistent with the often hypothesized forest‐savanna bistability and suggests that both states can be stable in areas with a mean annual precipitation between ~1,500 and ~2,000 mm. Although the canopy height states correspond largely to the much discussed tree cover states, there are differences, too. For instance, there are places with savanna‐like sparse tree cover that have a forest‐like high canopy, suggesting that rather than true savanna, those are thinned relicts of forest. This illustrates how complementary sets of remotely sensed indicators may provide increasingly sophisticated ways to study ecological phenomena at a global scale.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Ecologyarrow_drop_down
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    Ecology
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Ecology
    Article . 2018
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      Ecology
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      Ecology
      Article . 2018
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