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Artículos en revistas Solar photovoltaic is increasingly seen as a key technology for low-carbon electricity generation. However, the deployment of growing shares of this technology is not without important challenges for their efficient integration in power systems. This paper aims to contribute to overcoming the barriers that hamper a large-scale integration of photovoltaics in the electricity distribution grids. The methodology followed is problem oriented. The paper firstly reviews the technical solutions available to integrate distributed photovoltaics, classifying them in three areas: Distribution System Operator (DSO) solutions, prosumer solutions and interactive solutions. Then, the set of barriers that hinder the implementation of the solutions in a European context are identified, assessing the relevance of each barrier in different countries. Four major barriers are discussed in detail: (1) DSO regulation does not promote smart grid investments, (2) rules limiting PV curtailment, (3) missing frameworks enabling DSOs to access advanced PV inverter capabilities, and (4) regulation hampering storage solutions. Finally, recommendations to overcome these barriers are presented, highlighting that DSO regulation should shift the focus from a short-term to a long-term cost assessment and revenue setting framework, equalizing the treatment of capital and operational expenditures, and implementing specific incentives for DSO innovation. Moreover, a fair debate on the definition of the boundary conditions for the use of renewable curtailment when the other technical solutions cannot be applied or are not economically optimal is required. Regarding the provision of services to DSOs by prosumers and the deployment of distributed storage, the roles, rights and limitations of the different stakeholders need to be clearly defined. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Introduction: The current economic, social and environmental problems faced by society are some of the most emerging concerns of the main governmental institutions. In this sense, Education for Sustainable Development and integration of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into the education system seems to be a key link for its mitigation. Within education, physical education (PE) could provide positive synergy and contribute to achieve the SDGs. However, the relationship between PE and Sustainable Development is still in its nascent stage. Objective: Overall, we aim to explore the ways in which the literature has addressed the SDGs and PE. To this end, this scoping review has two objectives. The first is to provide a synthesis of the research to date on PE and the SDGs, presenting the results in terms of the types of literature, methods, samples, provenance of authorship and the main findings. The second is to investigate which specific SDGs and targets have appeared most frequently in research within the field of PE. Method: Due to the emergent nature of the topic under examination, we present a scoping review. After identifying the parameters to be analysed, we redefined the topic of study. We applied a number of criteria and selected relevant studies the introduction of the SDGs (2015) until June 2022. We searched Web of Science, SPORTdiscus, Scopus, Google Scholar and PROquest using words such as ‘Sustainable Development’, ‘SDGs’ and ‘PE’. Results and discussion: We reviewed 22 papers that met the inclusion criteria. We noted several characteristics in these studies. Most studies published between 2015 and 2022 come from international institutions (Commonwealth, UNESCO, etc.), and critical view articles, which theorise about the potential relation between PE and the SDGs. Beginning in 2021, there has been much more empirical research, mainly in the form of qualitative and quantitative cross-sectional studies. Most of this empirical research has been developed with undergraduate students in Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE). Some researchers have used pedagogical models such as service learning and cooperative learning as valid didactic tools to work on the SDGs. On the other hand, the countries that seem to show the greatest interest in research on the SDGs and PE are European, especially Spain and Sweden. Finally, SDGs 3 (Health and Wellbeing), 4 (Quality-Education) and 5 (Gender-Equality) have the greatest relationship with PE, specifically target 4.5 on inclusion and equity, target 5.1 to avoid discrimination based on sex and target 3.6 concerning physical and mental health. Conclusions: The relationship between PE and the SDGs is an emerging topic. While papers published within the five years after definition of the SDGs have a strong theoretical character, empirical research has begun to predominate since 2021. The focus of future research should be to deepen the ways in which PE can contribute to the SDGs (pedagogical perspectives, content, objectives …). Researchers should use practice-based models to look for more sustainability-related content and, above all, to try to get students to reflect on how their daily actions can contribute to a more sustainable and durable world. This work was supported by ODSEF PROJECT. Design and implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals for Physical Education (University of Alicante) [REDES ICE-2021-5489].

Abstract The voltammetric response of microparticulate deposits resulting from solvent evaporation of ethanolic extracts of mangrove sediments in contact with aqueous acetate buffer is hereby described. Dated sediment cores sampled from the Peruvian mangrove system (“Manglares de Tumbes” National Sanctuary) presented voltammetric responses dominated by oxidative signals of organic components that exhibit significant variations depending on the depth. Voltammetric data allowed for the definition of electrochemical indexes representative of the electrochemically oxidable organic matter fraction. These electrochemical indexes were fEAOM (for the total amount of organic matter being electrochemically active), fEROM (for the fraction of organic matter electrochemically oxidizable in reversible form), fRDOX (for the proportion between the fractions of electrochemically active organic matter which is in an oxidized state and in a reduced state) and fROS (capability for reaction with reactive oxygen species), while the spectroscopic index A1650/A3400 (as a proxy analogous to fRDOX) was also applied. The mangrove forest presents a higher oxidized fraction of the electrochemically active organic matter, as confirmed by additional data obtained from infrared spectroscopy. These results indicate that the described electrochemical indexes may provide insights on organic matter degradation by oxidative processes in addition to chemical analyses of coastal vegetated systems that are currently used, such as mangrove wetlands.

Concern about climate change has come somewhat late in the day for shipping for a combination of reasons: more obvious local pollutants; its omission from national inventories within the Kyoto Protocol; its importance in globalisation; its reputation as the most energy efficient transport mode. However, if national governments take heed of the scientific evidence underpinning the global 2°C temperature target, all sectors must be accounted for to ensure rapid decarbonisation over coming decades. Although the global nature of shipping likely requires some global policy solutions, pressure from the EU to consider sub-global policies is growing. This paper investigates opportunities and barriers around accounting for shipping emissions at a sub-global level and, going one stage further, explores aspects of the shipping system over which the UK in particular can have influence. The paper highlights that although establishing a baseline for international shipping emissions using apportionment enables the effort required across other sectors to be quantified, it is not a pre-requisite for directing mitigation policies at shipping. Instead, the urgency implied by a commitment to 2°C provides an evidence base for aiming mitigation policies at aspects of the system that can be influenced. Focus on the full logistics supply chain, considering potential for mitigation within national waters, ports and consumption in addition to beginning a process of data gathering would be a practical first step towards this commitment.

Artículos en revistas The leak before break (LBB) concept is today widely employed at the nuclear industry to preclude catastrophic rupture, mainly on pipes. This paper presents two complimentary procedures. Both of them are applied via the Finite Element Method, for demonstrating LBB on austenitic stainless steel vessels. Those procedures are submodeling and the Elemental Crack Advance method. One procedure verifies the results obtained using the other, making them robust and trustworthy. Those practices are illustrated on the ALFRED reactor using the software ANSYS. They are applicable to geometrical shapes for which simplified expressions of the J-integral are not available. This illustration, proves as well, that by means of small design modifications such as thickening the bottom head, LBB can be demonstrated in the ALFRED reactor. The submodeling technique stands as the main vehicle in the LBB demonstration exposed at this work. The Elemental Crack Advance method lies as a tool for verifying a wide variety of Fracture Mechanics assessment, including non-LBB related ones. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Artículos en revistas Current technology developments enable energy storage systems (ESSs) to be used within a wide range of system security related applications. This paper assesses the economic benefit that can be achieved employing ESSs in the simultaneous provision of primary frequency regulation reserve and peak-shaving generation in small isolated power systems. An optimization model of the weekly economic operation of isolated systems under centralized operation is developed for this purpose. The power system savings of providing either the primary reserve requirements or peak-shaving generation by ESSs and the savings of combined provision of primary reserve and peak-shaving by ESSs are determined. The approach is successfully applied to two actual isolated Spanish power systems of different size and with different generation portfolios info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Abstract Offshore Wind (OW) speed assessment is a key aspect for the development of new wind farms at sea. Satellites can be used to globally obtain ocean and sea distribution, compensating limited in-situ measurements. In this study, a new methodology to estimate the wind’s speed potential is here proposed. Preliminary, Sentinel-1 (S-1) images have been analyzed by means of the Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) software, extrapolating wind speed data for each cell pixel size of a testing area. Then GIS (Geographic Information System) software has been used to map wind data and find the best pixel location comparing these data with in-situ data. Furthermore, wind speed has been analyzed using the ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset for areas within 11 km and 40 km from the Lillgrund OW farm in the Baltic Sea to better understand wind regimes. Finally, wind speed parameters obtained by S-1 in Sea Surface Water (SSW) with the 10 m standard high have been compared with wind speed recorded by Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems of two turbine using wind profile formula. Obtained results show the comparison accuracy of wind speed assessment for each center of the pixels by S-1 satellite images and in-situ (SCADA) measurements. Data actually depends on the distance between the selected center pixel and the location of the turbines. The obtained wind speed differences (0.26 m/s - RMSE = 1.38 and 0.92 m/s - RMSE = 1.82) pinpointed the direct effect of the distance between the selected pixel center and the in-situ measurements location in the S-1 imagery for wind speed potential assessment. Obtained results proved an improvement of the OW assessment accuracy using multiple satellite observations, demonstrating that SAR wind maps can support OW speed sites assessment by introducing observations in different phases of an OW farm project.

The maxillofacial region is by far the most frequently selected target in assaults on adults. There is a causal link between alcohol intoxication and injury. Therefore, oral and maxillofacial surgery is, in effect, the lead speciality for those injured in violence and has a responsibility to orchestrate holistic care that takes into account mental health needs. Recent years have also seen a determined effort by oral and maxillofacial surgeons to get involved in wider issues of prevention, exemplified by the national UK BAOMS Facial Injuries Awareness Week. Multi-agency prevention, not just with mental health professionals in the case of individual patients, but also with emergency medicine, public health, local government, the police and the voluntary sector is key to success. Given the potential complexity of collaborations like this, it is important to understand what works in multi-agency prevention. This paper reviews successful interventions: their rationale and how oral and maxillofacial surgeons can contribute to local injury prevention.