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Dada la permanente búsqueda de maneras más eficientes y respetuosas con el medio ambiente, de propulsar la flota mundial, el presente trabajo tratará de dar una visión general del que parece uso creciente del metanol como combustible marino. Esta sustancia química, cuya demanda mundial se estima en 30 millones de toneladas métricas anuales, es uno de los productos químicos más consumidos. Bien es cierto que aunque aún es escaso su número, tenemos ejemplos de empresas constructoras de motores marinos o navieras, muy importantes, incluso líderes, en sus respectivos sectores, dentro del ámbito marino, que están apostando fuerte por esta tecnología, muy limpia en comparación a los combustibles tradicionales marinos, lo que podría ser indicativo de que en corto/medio plazo la propulsión con metanol sea más común. En este trabajo, se analizan aspectos referentes al cumplimiento de normas medio ambientales, sus características como sustancia química y como combustible, ventajas o inconvenientes de su uso, tipo de motores y buques en que está siendo utilizado, legislación al respecto, actualidad en la materia, y algunos otros aspectos de otras índoles. ABSTRACT: Given the ongoing search for more efficient and environmentally friendly ways to propel the global fleet, this work will seek to give an overview of what appears to be increasing use of methanol as marine fuel. This chemical, whose global demand is estimated at 30 million metric tons per year, is one of the most consumed chemicals. It is true that although their number is still low, we have examples of very important marine or shipping engine construction companies, even leaders, in their respective sectors, within the marine field, which are betting heavily on this technology, very clean compared to traditional marine fuels, which could be indicative that in the short/medium term methanol propulsion is more common. This work analyses aspects related to compliance with environmental standards, their characteristics as a chemical and as fuel, advantages or disadvantages of their use, type of engines and vessels in which it is being used, legislation in this regard, current in this area, and some other aspects of other nature. Máster en Ingeniería Marina

RESUMEN: El objetivo general de esta tesis es desarrollar y aplicar metodologías para la identificación de zonas potenciales que permitan el desarrollo de los sectores de la energía eólica, la energía undimotriz y la acuicultura oceánica, con el objetivo último de promover el crecimiento sostenible de estas actividades en el contexto de la ordenación del espacio marítimo. ABSTRACT: The general objective of this thesis was to develop and apply methodologies to recognize potential zones for the development of marine wind and wave energy production and offshore aquaculture, with the ultimate goal of promoting the sustainable development of these activities in the context of a marine spatial planning strategy. Agradezco al “Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq - Brasil)”, por la beca de doctorado concedida (proceso 249929/2013-9) a través del programa “Ciência sem fronteras (CsF)”, haciendo posible el desarrollo de esta investigación.

A feasibility study for the installation of Wave Energy Converters (WEC) in a Spanish Mediterranean port is evaluated in this paper. The final aim is to evaluate the possibility of building a new infrastructure which combines a breakwater and a WEC able to provide energy to the commercial port of Valencia. An estimation of the wave power potential is made according to existing databases from different sources. A review of the existing WEC types is carried out in order to choose the most suitable technology for its installation in a port environment. The authors discuss the main advantages and issues of the integration of WEC in port breakwaters. A prospective study for the Port of Valencia is made, considering the port energy demand evolution, historical data on wave energy potential and the port expansion plans. We conclude that Overtopping Devices (OTDs) are the most suitable ones to allow the good integration with the new breakwater needed for the expansion of the Port of Valencia and we give an estimation on the power available from the resource in our case study.

Comunicación presentada a las XXXIX Jornadas de Automática, celebradas en Badajoz del 5 al 7 de Septiembre de 2018 y organizada por la Universidad de Extremadura. En este trabajo se hace un análisis de algunos efectos que tienen lugar en las palas del rotor de una turbina marina y se estudia su influencia sobre la eficiencia de las mismas. Esto permite seleccionar un tipo de perfil de las palas y diseñar algunas de sus características para optimizar la producción de energía. En concreto se ha hecho un análisis para distintos ángulos de ataque, obteniendo conclusiones muy interesantes para la eficiencia y condiciones de trabajo de estas turbinas. An analysis of the effects taking place in the rotor blades of a marine turbine is carried out in this work, studying their influence on its operating efficiency. Based on these results, it is possible to select and design the characteristics of the blades section to optimize the energy extraction. In addition, different attack angles have been analysed with interesting results on the efficiency and optimum operating conditions of the turbine. peerReviewed

Blue Growth highlights the need for integrated management approaches and strategic planning to minimize conflicts and optimize the use of space. This study analyzes the spatial compatibility between existing uses and potential zones for emerging activities in the Exclusive Economic Zone of Southern Brazil. The proposed methodology was based on a three-step approach: (i) spatial analysis to identify possible zones of overlap between emerging activities (i.e., wind energy, wave energy, aquaculture and mining) and existing uses. (ii) Consultation with MSP experts and key stakeholders through an online survey based on the Delphi method. (iii) Application of the survey responses, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process, to generate a Spatial Compatibility Index. The combination of wind and wave energy was the most compatible interaction found. Aquaculture shows low compatibility with other uses, due to the sensitivity of farming live species. Mining also showed low compatibility, mainly due to the risks involved in its operation. This contribution shows the possible spatial conflicts and synergies from a stakeholder perspective. This methodological approach aims to boost sustainable development in the marine environment, driving multi-use and reducing the impact associated to the exploitation of different activities. C.V.C. Weiss is grateful to the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the PDJ (Pós-doutorado Junior) fellowship granted (151228/2020–5), and the financial support from the Universidad de Cantabria (UC) through the Agusto González de Linares and Margarita Salas Grants (POS-UC-2019–06 and RMS-04, respectively). J. Bonetti is a Research Fellow of CNPq (Grant 307655/2022–9).

Research into renewable energy is an active field of research, with photovoltaic and wind being the most representative technologies. A promising renewable energy source is Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC), based on the temperature gradient of seawater. This technology has two contradictory features, as its efficiency is relatively low while, on the other hand, its energy source is almost unlimited. OTEC research has focused on optimizing energy extraction, with different techniques having been used for this purpose. This article presents a review of the advances and applications of OTEC technology around the world. Throughout the document, the different uses of deep seawater are analyzed; further, the current systems which generate energy through the marine temperature gradient are reviewed, and the main advantages and disadvantages of each method are highlighted. The technical operations, construction variations, and the projects that have been developed around the world and those which are in the planning phase are also detailed. The two main conclusions are that this technology is still under development, but it is quite promising, especially for regions with little access to drinking water. Second, given the high implementation costs and low conversion efficiency, the development of this technology must be sponsored by governments.

This study presents the first catalogue of marine mineral deposits and energy resources along the continental margin of Spain. Aggregates, oil and gas and metalliferous mineral areas have been defined and mapped. The catalogue, implemented in a geographic information system (GIS), is conceived as a first national database within the European network, which is being built as part of the EMODnet-Geology project. It comprises 8 types of mineral and energy resources for the Spanish margins: aggregates, hydrocarbons, evaporites, placer deposits, phosphorites, polymetallic sulfides, polymetallic nodules and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts (Figures 1 and 2). The catalogue stores a total of 409 marine mineral deposits and compiles information such as name, deposit type, main morphology, main minerals, setting or area extent for each mineral deposit. By number of deposits compiled, the aggregates are the most abundant (286) followed by hydrocarbons (62), cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts (32), evaporites (9), placer deposits (8), phosphorites (5), polymetallic nodules (4) and polymetallic sulphide deposits (3). Considering the total extension, hydrocarbons (32,386 km2) and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts (24,951 km2) represent the biggest areas. Underwater Mining Conference (46ª. 2017. Berlín) Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, España Peer reviewed

The ocean is an important pathway to a low-carbon and climate resilient society, e.g. in areas of blue carbon, green shipping, offshore renewable energy, aquaculture, fi shery and coastal adaptation. Currently, 26 EU member states have made their National Adaptation Strategy (NAS) and/or National Strategy Plan (NAP) which needs a strong climate information service. European Global Ocean Observing System (EuroGOOS) has a strategy to expand existing operational marine service to climate change in 2020-2030. As focal points of national marine, climate and/or weather services, ROOS (Regional Sea Operational Oceanographic System) members have extensive experiences in working with citizens, stakeholders and decision-makers at national, regional and municipality levels. This paper will review current marine climate service capacity in ROOS members, identify gaps in modelling, products and service, and propose a seamless earth system approach for developing EuroGOOS and ROOS marine climate service capacities.