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[ES] La contribución a la sostenibilidad se ha convertido en una cuestión tema de gran relevancia para todo tipo de empresas incluyendo los emprendimientos, que siendo negocios pequeños son piezas claves que contribuyen al desarrollo económico y social de los países emergentes; por lo que la necesidad de adaptarlos a los cambios del entorno, se convierte en una prioridad para lograr negocios prósperos y sostenibles a largo plazo. Sin embargo, estas pequeñas empresas carecen de una guía para saber cómo iniciar o transformar su negocio hacia un modelo sostenible, que refleje su compromiso con el cuidado del medio ambiente y contribución a la sociedad. El objetivo de este Trabajo Fin de Máster es, en primer lugar, realizar un análisis del modelo de negocio actual de un emprendimiento peruano dedicado a la elaboración y comercialización de artículos de madera proveniente de bosques de la Amazonía, y, en segundo lugar, elaborar una propuesta orientada a transformarlo hacia un modelo sostenible incorporando la dimensión social y ambiental en su estrategia. Como resultado de la metodología aplicada, podremos identificar los ámbitos de mejora y posibles acciones futuras en términos sociales y ambientales para la empresa y convertirse en un Modelo de Negocio Sostenible. Para la realización de este trabajo, se adoptará el enfoque de Canvas del Modelo de Negocio de triple nivel propuesto por Alejandro Joyce y Raymond L. Paquin, y se realizarán entrevistas en profundidad a las personas responsables de esta empresa y otras con las que ésta tiene relación. [EN] The contribution to sustainability has become an challenge of great relevance for all types of companies, including startups. These are small businesses which become key players that contribute to the economic and social development of emerging countries; so the need to adapt them to the changing environment becomes a priority to achieve prosperous and sustainable business in the long term. However, these small businesses lack a guide about how to start or transform their business towards a sustainable model, reflecting their commitment to environmental care and contribution to society. The objective of this Master Thesis is, firstly, to analyze the current business model of a Peruvian enterprise dedicated to the production and marketing of wooden articles from Amazonian forests, and secondly, to develop a proposal aimed at transforming it into a sustainable model incorporating the social and environmental dimension in its strategy. As a result of the applied methodology, we will be able to identify areas for improvement and possible future actions in social and environmental terms for the company and become a Sustainable Business Model. This study will use the approach of the Triple Layered Canvas model proposed by Alejandro Joyce y Raymond L. Paquin, and the compilation of information from in depth interviews conducted to staff of the company and other with whom the company has relationships.

[€] El objetivo del presente Trabajo Final de Carrera (TFG) consistirá en desarrollar el diseño de una instalación solar fotovoltaica para un local de restauración ubicado en Godella,Valencia, España. Esta instalación se ubicará en la cubierta del local. El sistema será diseñado principalmente para autoconsumo, permitiendo al local utilizar la energía generada durante su producción. No obstante, se establecerá una conexión interconectada con la red eléctrica para que cualquier excedente de energía generada pueda ser vertido a la red, permitiendo a la empresa obtener beneficios económicos adicionales. Durante la fase de desarrollo del proyecto, se analizará detalladamente el consumo eléctrico mensual del edificio, basándose en la información proporcionada por sus facturas de electricidad. Este análisis será fundamental para dimensionar adecuadamente el sistema fotovoltaico, asegurando que satisfaga las necesidades energéticas de la empresa de manera eficiente y rentable. Todo el proceso se llevará a cabo de acuerdo con la normativa vigente en España sobre autoconsumo fotovoltaico (RD 244/2019), garantizando que cualquier excedente de energía generada pueda ser vendido a la red eléctrica para obtener un retorno económico favorable. En cuanto al diseño técnico, se evaluarán diversas alternativas en términos de dimensionamiento y configuración de la instalación solar, con el objetivo de identificar la solución óptima en términos de eficiencia energética y coste económico para el local de restauración. [€] The objective of this Final Project (TFG) is to develop the design of a solar photovoltaic installation for a restaurant located in Godella, Valencia, Spain. This installation will be located on the roof of the restaurant. The system will be designed mainly for self consumption, allowing the restaurant to use the energy generated during its production. However, an interconnected connection to the grid will be established so that any surplus energy generated can be fed into the grid, allowing the company to obtain additional economic benefits. During the project development phase, the building's monthly electricity consumption will be analyzed in detail, based on the information provided by its electricity bills. This analysis will be fundamental to properly size the photovoltaic system, ensuring that it meets the company's energy needs in an efficient and cost-effective manner. The entire process will be carried out in accordance with current Spanish regulations on photovoltaic self-consumption (RD 244/2019), ensuring that any surplus energy generated can be sold to the electricity grid to obtain a favorable economic return. As for the technical design, various alternatives will be evaluated in terms of sizing and configuration of the solar installation, with the aim of identifying the optimal solution in terms of energy efficiency and economic cost for the restaurant.

[ES] En el contexto de la creciente urbanización y los desafíos socioeconómicos y nutricionales que enfrenta Bolivia, los huertos urbanos familiares emergen como una solución para mejorar la seguridad alimentaria, la nutrición y la sostenibilidad. Esta investigación, alineada a la Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) establecidos por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), analiza la transición hacia sistemas agrarios sostenibles mediante la implementación de huertos urbanos familiares en los jardines de las casas, que promuevan la autosuficiencia alimentaria, reduzcan la huella ecológica y fortalezcan la cohesión social en la comunidad de vecinos. El objetivo principal del estudio es diseñar una estrategia integral de huertos urbanos que se adapte a las necesidades, capacidades y expectativas de los vecinos de la urbanización SIDUMSS B, integrando factores sociales, técnicos y ambientales que aseguren su sostenibilidad a largo plazo. Este objetivo se logró en cuatro etapas específicas que abordaron diversos aspectos clave para la viabilidad del proyecto. En primer lugar, se realizó un diagnóstico de la percepción comunitaria mediante encuestas y entrevistas, identificando tanto el interés generalizado en mejorar la calidad de vida a través de prácticas ecológicas como las barreras percibidas en términos de espacio, tiempo y conocimientos. En segundo lugar, se llevó a cabo un análisis de factibilidad técnica y ambiental, evaluando las condiciones físicas, climáticas y ambientales del área para asegurar la viabilidad del proyecto. Este análisis incluyó la identificación de recursos naturales disponibles, como suelo y agua, y posibles limitaciones ambientales, lo cual contribuyó al diseño de huertos adaptados a las condiciones locales. La tercera etapa se centró en la creación de proyecciones socioeconómicas a partir de los Escenarios Socioeconómicos Compartidos (SSP), evaluando el impacto potencial de los huertos urbanos en el bienestar de la comunidad a largo plazo. Este análisis proyectivo proporcionó una visión de futuro sobre cómo los huertos pueden contribuir a la seguridad alimentaria, la inclusión social y el desarrollo económico local. Finalmente, se diseñó una estrategia de implementación y gestión sostenible que abarca aspectos técnicos y sociales. Esta estrategia busca empoderar a los vecinos y asegurar la continuidad del proyecto mediante capacitación, apoyo institucional y sensibilización. [EN] In the context of increasing urbanization and the socio-economic and nutritional challenges faced by Bolivia, family urban gardens emerge as a solution to enhance food security, nutrition, and sustainability. This research, aligned with the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established by the United Nations (UN), examines the transition toward sustainable agricultural systems through the implementation of family urban gardens. These gardens, located in household yards, aim to promote food self-sufficiency, reduce ecological footprints, and strengthen social cohesion within the neighborhood community. The primary objective of this study is to design a comprehensive urban gardening strategy tailored to the needs, capacities, and expectations of residents in the SIDUMSS B neighborhood. The strategy integrates social, technical, and environmental factors to ensure long-term sustainability. To achieve this goal, four specific stages addressing key aspects of the project¿s feasibility were developed. First, a community perception diagnosis was conducted using surveys and interviews, revealing widespread interest in improving quality of life through ecological practices while identifying perceived barriers such as space, time, and knowledge limitations. Second, a technical and environmental feasibility analysis evaluated the area¿s physical, climatic, and environmental conditions to ensure the project¿s viability. This analysis identified available natural resources, such as soil and water, along with potential environmental constraints, which informed the design of gardens adapted to local conditions. The third stage focused on creating socio-economic projections using Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), assessing the potential long-term impact of urban gardens on community well-being. This foresight analysis provided a forward-looking perspective on how the gardens could contribute to food security, social inclusion, and local economic development. Finally, a sustainable implementation and management strategy was designed, encompassing both technical and social aspects. This strategy aims to empower residents and ensure the project¿s continuity through training, institutional support, and awareness-raising initiatives.

Zn(CF3COO)2 promotes the dual reduction of anions to fluoride and sulfide, forming an amorphous hybrid solid electrolyte interface (SEI). This SEI significantly benefits the plating/stripping of Zn anode and thereby improves the battery performance.

Understanding the driving mechanisms of crop suitability is critical for ensuring global food security, particularly in promoting the sustainable development of alpine agriculture and alpine civilizations. In contrast to climate factors, how anthropogenic adaptation measures affect crop suitability remains largely unknown. This overlooked mechanism may explain why climate-driven model simulations underestimate the upper altitude limit for highland barley compared with observed records. Here, we used two decades of site-based phenological observations on the Tibetan Plateau and biophysical modeling, finding that anthropogenic adaptation measures can expand suitable cropping limits. These measures mainly involve breeding genotypes with lower thermal units, which enhance the adaptability of highland barley phenology to cold climates. Such adaptation mechanisms clarify the conflict between thermal niche model predictions and the observed distribution of highland barley up to an altitude of 5000 m. Considering these mechanisms, we developed an explainable framework to predict the potential habitat of highland barley under current climates. Results showed that anthropogenic adaptation measures expanded the suitable cropping area for highland barley by 27 × 104 km2 and the upper altitude limit for highland barley could reliably increase by approximately 50 m. This observation-based evidence underscores the crucial roles of anthropogenic adaptation measures in expanding suitable cropping limits of crops and highlights its importance for supporting food security and simulating accurate crop suitability.

This work is based on the development and optimization of a pressurized liquid extraction method to obtain extracts from peanut shells with the highest possible amount/number of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids, with senolytic activity and antioxidant capacity. To achieve optimal extraction conditions, a design of experiments approach was employed to perform a limited and relatively reduced number of experiments. The extracts were consecutively analyzed by methods adapted to the peanut shell matrix to determine antioxidant capacity, total flavonoids, and total phenolic compounds. Additionally, a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection method was developed and validated to quantify individual phenolic compounds, with confirmation provided by mass spectrometry. Moreover, amino acid profiling was performed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Finally, the optimized extraction conditions and analytical methods were applied to analyze six commercial peanut shell samples. The results indicate that the optimized pressurized liquid extraction method using ethanol effectively extracts substantial amounts of bioactive compounds, especially flavonoids, which have broad applications across different industries. This contributes to a strategic valorization approach that promotes a Circular Economy.

[EN] The German industry sector is a major consumer of electricity and heat, significantly influencing the country’s energy landscape and environmental foot print. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate whether the electricity and heat con sumption patterns within this sector can be estimated using mainly the Han delsregister, as it is an openly available dataset of Germany’s industrial and non-industrial companies. The methodology applied integrates data analysis to use energy consump tion datasets available, to then identify the sources and locations of energy consumption in Germany. This is to serve as a means to evaluate whether these locations’ energy consumption can be correlated with the financial data available in Germany’s commercial register, the Handelsregister. Thus giving insight into the extent and quality of openly available information of this source. The findings are reflected in various formats and are thoroughly analyzed, in order to identify whether financial data can correlate with energy consump tion as a whole, or exclusively to certain industry sectors or company types. Despite these insights, the thesis also identifies a lack of comprehensive data, leading to the use of estimations to fill information gaps. The accuracy of these estimations is critically evaluated by comparing them with other found data sources. This approach underscores the importance of improving data transparency and availability to enhance the precision of energy consumption analyses. All in all, this thesis contributes to identifying whether financial data of energy-intensive industrial companies can correlate with energy consumption, presenting a data source which can provide additional information to be used for optimizing energy use and supporting the transition towards a more sus tainable industrial sector. [ES] El objetivo de este trabajo de fin de máster es crear una base de datos para registrar los puntos de mayor consumo de energía eléctrica y térmica en Alemania, de cara a contribuir a la gestión energética y a desarrollar un plan para un sistema de energía regional. Esto se llevará a cabo mediante la estimación y análisis del consumo de las empresas del Sector Industrial en Alemania con la información disponible en bases de datos públicas. La precisión de la base de datos finalmente obtenida será evaluada y comparada con otras fuentes de información.

Extreme climatic events, such as drought, can significantly alter belowground microbial diversity and species interactions, leading to unknown consequences for ecosystem functioning. Here, we simulated a drought gradient by removing 30 %, 50 %, and 70 % of precipitation in a semi-arid grassland over five years. We assessed the effects of drought on bacterial and fungal diversity, as well as on their species interactions. We also evaluated the impact of drought on ecosystem individual functions (e.g., plant biomass and microbial activity), and on multifunctionality (EMF). Finally, we linked the drought-induced changes in microbial communities with the variations in EMF. Drought significantly increased fungal diversity and intensified species interactions, but it decreased bacterial diversity and species interactions. Both plant and microbial biomass significantly decreased with increasing drought severity, while microbial activity showed the opposite trend. Only the -50 % rainfall treatment notably reduced EMF. Bacterial diversity and species interactions positively correlated with most ecosystem functions. However, fungal parameters were negatively associated with these functions. Structural equation modeling indicated that bacterial diversity had a strong direct positive effect on EMF (standardized path coefficient: 0.52), and that bacterial diversity was indirectly suppressed by drought through decreasing soil water content and bacterial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). In contrast, fungal species interactions had a significant direct negative effect on EMF with the highest standardized path coefficient (-0.6) and were directly enhanced by fungal diversity. Drought had indirect positive effects on fungal diversity by decreasing soil water content and stimulating fungal PLFAs. Our results highlight the importance of considering soil microbial species interactions when evaluating the ecological impacts of drought. Furthermore, the divergent regulatory pathways of bacterial and fungal communities to EMF suggest that improving ecosystem functionality may be achieved by enhancing bacterial diversity while mitigating fungal species interactions through reducing fungal diversity.

Iron–air batteries have been proposed and developed for use as rechargeable stationary power storage or as batteries for automotive applications. The iron-air system has a high theoretical specific energy close to 1200 Wh kg−1, because the air for the cathode can be extracted from the environment rather than being stored inside the battery. However, the achievable specific energy has been around an order of magnitude lower. This is mainly caused by parasitic reactions such as hydrogen evolution, and the large overpotentials at the air cathode caused by slow electrochemical reaction kinetics. In this article, the history of the iron-air battery is outlined, followed by a description of the construction of the battery, and the current state of research into its uses. Second Edition.--This is an update of M. Egashira, SECONDARY BATTERIES – METAL-AIR SYSTEMS | Iron–Air (Secondary and Primary), Editor(s): Jürgen Garche, Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, Elsevier, 2009, Pages 372–375, ISBN 9780444527455, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044452745-5.00102-7. Peer reviewed