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This data contents information about parental wood and charcoal characteristics of 16 tropical species growing in fast-growth condictions. The data details tha following characterist of parental wood: moisture content (PMC) and wood density (PWD). On the others hand the charcoal characteristics are: Density (CD), moisture content (CMC) and compression strength of charcoal, gross calorific value (GCV), ash and volatile matter and fixed carbon, Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) contents, C/N ratio, O/Cmol ratio and H/Cmol ratio. Besides it is presented FTIR spectra and the ignition temperature (Ti), the burnout temperature (Tf), the characteristic combustion index (S), the ignition index (Di), the time corresponding to the maximum combustion rate (tp), the ignition time (tig), and the average rate of combustion.

Global warming and direct anthropogenic impacts, such as water extraction, are largely affecting water budgets in Mediterranean wetlands, thereby increasing wetland salinities and isolation, and decreasing water depths and hydroperiods (duration of the inundation period). These wetland features are key elements structuring waterbird communities. However, the ultimate and net consequences of these dynamic conditions on waterbird assemblages are largely unknown. We combined a regular sampling on waterbird presence through the 2008 annual cycle with in-situ data on these relevant environmental predictors of waterbird distribution to model habitat selection for 69 individual species in a typical Mediterranean wetland network in south-western Spain. Species association with environmental features were subsequently used to predict changes in habitat suitability for each species under three climate change scenarios (encompassing changes in environment that ranged from 10% to 50% change as predicted by climatic models). Waterbirds distributed themselves unevenly throughout environmental gradients and water salinity was the most important gradient structuring the distribution of the community. Environmental suitability for the guilds of diving birds and vegetation gleaners will be reduced according to future climate scenarios, while most small wading birds will benefit from changing conditions. Resident species and those that breed in this wetland network will be also more impacted than those using this area for wintering or stopover. We provide here a tool that can be used in a horizon-scanning framework to identify emerging issues on waterbird conservation and to anticipate suitable management actions : Datasets as supporting information to article “How will climate change affect endangered Mediterranean waterbirds?” to be published in PLOS ONE. Address questions to Francisco Ramírez: ramirez@ub.edu

Format: raw binary. The raw binary archive is composed of 576 zipped files, corresponding to the SPEI index at time scales between 1 and 48 months for the whole World and divided by decades (except the last file, containing only data for the period 2001-2006). Each zipped file contains three files, one with the data itselt (.img), and two headers (.doc and .hdr). The information contained in the header files is equivalent, and allows direct access to the data using some widely used commercial programs. Naming convention: spei[tempscale]_[decade].zip, where [tempscale] is a number between 1 and 48 indicating the temporal scale of the index (months), and [decade] indicates the years of data contained in the file. Example: spei12_1910-1919.zip. All currently available gridded drought datasets at continental and global scales are based on either the PDSI or the sc-PDSI. A new global drought dataset based on the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) has been developed, which covers time scales from 1-48 months at a spatial resolution of 0.5°, and provides temporal coverage for the period 1901-2006. This dataset represents an improvement in spatial resolution and operative capability of previous gridded drought datasets based on the PDSI, and enables identification of various drought types. A monthly global dataset of a multiscalar drought index is presented and compared in terms of spatial and temporal variability with the existing continental and global drought datasets based on the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI, scPDSI). The new dataset is based on the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The index was obtained from the CRU TS3.0 data, covering time scales from 1 to 48 months for the period 1901-2006, and has a spatial resolution of 0.5°. The advantages of the new dataset are that: i) it improves the spatial resolution of the unique global drought dataset at a global scale; ii) it is spatially and temporally comparable to other datasets, given the probabilistic nature of the SPEI, and, in particular; iii) it enables identification of various drought types, given the multiscalar character of the SPEI. More details at: http://www.eead.csic.es/spei/spei.html A monthly global dataset of a multiscalar drought index is presented and compared in terms of spatial and temporal variability with the existing continental and global drought datasets based on the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI, scPDSI). The new dataset is based on the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The index was obtained from the CRU TS3.0 data, covering time scales from 1 to 48 months for the period 1901-2006, and has a spatial resolution of 0.5°. The advantages of the new dataset are that: i) it improves the spatial resolution of the unique global drought dataset at a global scale; ii) it is spatially and temporally comparable to other datasets, given the probabilistic nature of the SPEI, and, in particular; iii) it enables identification of various drought types, given the multiscalar character of the SPEI. More details at: http://www.eead.csic.es/spei/spei.html All currently available gridded drought datasets at continental and global scales are based on either the PDSI or the sc-PDSI. A new global drought dataset based on the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) has been developed, which covers time scales from 1-48 months at a spatial resolution of 0.5°, and provides temporal coverage for the period 1901-2006. This dataset represents an improvement in spatial resolution and operative capability of previous gridded drought datasets based on the PDSI, and enables identification of various drought types. The Global 0.5° gridded SPEI dataset is made available under the Open Database License. Any rights in individual contents of the database are licensed under the Database Contents License. Users of the dataset are free to share, create and adapt under the conditions of attribution and share-alike. Use of the newest version is recommended. Older versions are still available to allow replicability. The dataset is freely available on the web repository of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) in three different formats (NetCDF, binary raster, and plain text).

[ES] La base de datos consta de dos archivos en formato .txt con las mallas de anomalías de precipitación (Standardized Precipitation Index) calculadas a 1 y 12 meses sobre el dominio peninsular español, cubriendo el periodo 12/2015_12/2020. Estas han sido calculadas a partir de los datos mensuales de la malla de precipitación MOPREDAScentury (https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/15136). Además, se incluye un análisis descriptivo de los 40 episodios de sequía identificados según los criterios de intensidad de la sequía (SPI12 =20 % de la superficie de la malla). Para cada episodio se incluyen las series temporales del SPI01 y SPI12 promedio de toda la malla (expresadas en anomalías); el área de la malla en condiciones de sequía (SPI12 =< -0.84) (expresada en tanto por uno); los mapas integrales del episodio atendiendo a su duración (expresada en número de meses) e intensidad (promedio de las celdas en condiciones de sequía); y los mapas que representan la propagación espacial del episodio. Este registro se corresponde con la versión 1.0.0 del conjunto de datos. La base de datos se distribuye bajo una licencia abierta (Open Data Commons Attribution, ODC-By). [EN] The database consists of two files in .txt format with the precipitation anomaly grids (Standardized Precipitation Index) calculated at 1 and 12 months over the Spanish peninsular domain, covering the period 2015/12_2020/12. These have been calculated from the monthly data of the MOPREDAScentury precipitation grid (https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/15136). In addition, a descriptive analysis of the 40 drought episodes identified according to the criteria of drought intensity (SPI12 =20 % of the grid area) is included. For each episode we include the time series of the SPI01 and SPI12 average of the whole grid (expressed in anomalies); the area of the grid under drought conditions (SPI12 =< -0.84) (expressed in percent per one); the integral maps of the episode according to its duration (expressed in number of months) and intensity (average of the cells under drought conditions); and the maps representing the spatial propagation of the episode. This record corresponds to version 1.0.0 of the dataset. The database is distributed under an open license (Open Data Commons Attribution, ODC-By). [ES] Malla SPI01: texto plano. 5219 filas -descontando el encabezado- y 1261 columnas -descontando las coordenadas X e Y-. Malla SPI12: texto plano. 5219 filas -descontando el encabezado- y 1250 columnas -descontando las coordenadas X e Y-. Archivos descriptivos de los episodios: mapas integrales de duración e intensidad, promedios de SPI’1 y SPI12 y mapas de la propagación espacial. [EN] SPI01 grid: plain text. 5219 rows (excluding the header) and 1261 columns (excluding the X and Y coordinates). SPI12 grid: plain text. 5219 rows (excluding the header) and 1250 columns (excluding the X and Y coordinates). Episode descriptive files: duration and intensity integral maps, SPI01 and SPI12 averages, and spatial propagation maps. Project PID2020-116860RB-C22: Extremos térmicos y pluviométricos en la España peninsular 1916-2020), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science. Open Data Commons Attribution (ODC-By 1.0). Peer reviewed

Organic waste production has greatly increased following human sprawl and led to the development of landfills in recent decades. This abundant and reliable anthropogenic food source has favoured several species, some of which consequently became overabundant. Landfills present hazards to wildlife, which may suffocate on plastic materials, tangle on cords, and get exposed to pollutants and pathogens. In response to environmental and public health concerns over the maintenance of landfills, the European Commission proposed to close the landfills. Our objective was to determine the impact of the Landfill European Directive on the White Stork, Ciconia ciconia, whose population recovery and growth were linked to landfill exploitation. We implemented species distribution models to project future distribution in the absence of landfills in the Community of Madrid (Spain). Habitat suitability was estimated based on nest occurrence and we included data from land cover types, human population density and two different climate change scenarios (i.e., emissions in low and high shared socioeconomic pathways). Given that protection measures, particularly implemented in protected areas, were associated with population recovery, we also evaluated the overlapping degree between protected areas and projected distribution. Our models predicted a sharp decline in breeding population distribution with landfill closure, reaching values similar to the 1984 breeding census when the species was categorized as threatened. Our results also suggest a decrease in maximum habitat suitability. Climate change also contributed to a reduction in breeding population distribution given model predictions for the extreme emission pathway (ssp5). Measures such as gradual change in landfill management, continuous monitoring of breeding populations, and evaluation of the Stork use of natural feeding areas before and after landfill closure, should be considered.  Direct census searching for nests in the whole Community of Madrid.

The questionnaire is provided in pdf "GreenSoul_Questionnaire.pdf" The coded data from 303 interviewees is provided in "all_code_final_zenodo.xlsx" The dataset is composed of several factors which are all explained in different TXT files. * socio-economic_description_not_dependent_of_work.txt - Contains all the information from participants which is irrespective of their current workplace. This file contains typical socio-demographic and cultural attributes from respondents. * socio-economic_description_dependent_of_work.txt - Contains socio-economic and cultural information from participants which is relevant to the workplace in relation to energy efficient practices in such an environment. * actions-at-work.txt - Are a set of attributes which describe certain practices of employees in relation to energy efficiency. * persuasive_strategies.txt - Explain the ratings from 1 to 5 that participants attributed to a set of persuasive strategies. These strategies are framed within Psychological Persuasive principles which are also explained in the file. * all_attributes_together.txt - All the variables together without distinction of the environment where they are applicable. Finally, plots from every construct or attribute are provided in the files uploaded in "PNG" extension

The integration of Grid-Connected PV systems into buildings or public areas is one of the most usual applications of the photovoltaic solar energy in developed countries. Since early 2009, the University is working on an ambitious project, the so-called UNIVERSOL project, where its main goal is to convert the University Campus in a big public area which combines the PV electricity generation with the common uses of a university place. The aim of this paper is to show to the scientific community the main results of this project and that the methodology proposed for the “large urban-area photovoltaic potential” estimation can be easily exportable to other locations with similar characteristics, so the photovoltaic generators integration examples proposed in this project, and the software tools used to represent it, can be helpful for other designers, taking into account that this project has been adapted to the new Spanish legislation. 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4068-4072

In this paper we study a community or firm considering to diversify its investment in two distinct renewable energy technologies, namely wind and solar PV electricity. We assume technological learning curves as a function of cumulative capital investment. A real options approach is applied as it takes into account uncertainty about prices and learning, as well as irreversibility associated with investment decisions. We investigate three different cases, dealing with uncertainty about future electricity prices, and uncertainty about the speed with which learning drives the costs of wind and solar electricity down. We assess the minimum threshold for the stochastic price and the maximum electricity production cost that makes it optimal for the firm to invest in the two technologies. The results show that the learning rate affects the option to invest in but reducing critical threshold for exercising it. The greater the amount of capital invested, the more learning stimulates earlier exercising of the option to invest. The firm will then anticipate the option to invest and exercise it for lower critical threshold values if all capital is invested in one technology. If capital investment is diversified, the option should be exercised at a higher critical threshold. More uncertainty in energy prices or technology costs postpones the option to invest. Although investing in both solar and wind may be profitable under particular conditions of price and cost uncertainty, the theoretically optimal strategy is generally investing in only one technology, that is, solar or wind, depending on their relative initial costs and learning rates. This suggests that the practice in most countries of diversifying renewable energy may reflect a mistaken strategy.

In most cases, building service designers choose between Solar thermal (ST) and District Heating (DH) technologies for their integration in buildings. By doing so, only a fraction of the buildings within a particular district is used for ST, while at the same time energy intensity in DH networks can be reduced. In some cases, building-integrated solar thermal systems are connected to DH networks by means of dedicated pipes. In all these cases, sub-optimal situations are reached with lower fraction of renewable heat, reduced network strength and/or additional heat losses. In this paper, a consummer substation concept is proposed with reversible heat flow and net metering, which avoids local thermal storage in the solar loop. Adaptations required for multi-dwelling buildings are presented