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Although GPS coordinates for current populations are not included due to the potential threat of poaching, the climate variables for each species are provided. The records for extant gecko and skinks mainly came from the New Zealand's Department of Conervation Herpetofauna Database. After updating the taxonomy and cleaning the data to reflect the taxonomy as at 2019 of 43 geckos speceis recognised across seven genera and 61 species in genus, we then thinned the occurrence records at a 1 km resolution for all species then predicted distributions for those with > 15 records using species distribution models. The climate variables for each species were selected among annual mean temperature (bio1), maximum temperature of the warmest month (bio5), minimum temperature of the coldest month (bio6), mean temperature of driest quarter (bio9), mean temperature of wettest quarter (bio10), and precipitation of the driest quarter (bio17). To reduce multicollinearity in species distribution models for each species, we only retained climate variables with a variable inflation factor < 10. The climate variables were from the CHELSA database (https://chelsa-climate.org/), which can be freely downloaded for current and future scenarios. We also provide MCC tree files for the geckos and skinks. The phylogenetic trees have been constructed for NZ geckos by (Nielsen et al., 2011) and for NZ skinks by (Chapple et al., 2009). For geckos we used a subset of the sequences used by Nielsen et al. (2011) for four genes, two nuclear (RAG 1, PDC) and two mitochondrial (16S, ND2 along with flanking tRNA sequences). For skinks, we used sequences from Chapple et al. (2009) for one nuclear (RAG 1) and five mitochondrial (ND2, ND4, Cyt b, 12S and 16S) genes, and additional ND2 sequences for taxa not included in the original phylogeny (Chapple et al., 2011, p. 201). In total we used sequences for all recognised extant taxa (Hitchmough et al., 2016) as at 2019 except for three species of skink (O. aff. inconspicuum “Okuru”, O. robinsoni, and O. aff. inconspicuum “North Otago”) and two species of gecko (M. “Cupola” and W. “Kaikouras”) for which genetic data were not available. Aim: The primary drivers of species and population extirpations have been habitat loss, overexploitation, and invasive species, but human-mediated climate change is expected to be a major driver in future. To minimise biodiversity loss, conservation managers should identify species vulnerable to climate change and prioritise their protection. Here, we estimate climatic suitability for two speciose taxonomic groups, then use phylogenetic analyses to assess vulnerability to climate change. Location: Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) Taxa: NZ lizards: diplodactylid geckos and eugongylinae skinks Methods: We built correlative species distribution models (SDMs) for NZ geckos and skinks to estimate climatic suitability under current climate and 2070 future-climate scenarios. We then used Bayesian phylogenetic mixed models (BPMMs) to assess vulnerability for both groups with predictor variables for life history traits (body size and activity phase) and current distribution (elevation and latitude). We explored two scenarios: an unlimited dispersal scenario, where projections track climate, and a no-dispersal scenario, where projections are restricted to areas currently identified as suitable. Results: SDMs projected vulnerability to climate change for most modelled lizards. For species’ ranges projected to decline in climatically suitable areas, average decreases were between 42–45% for geckos and 33–91% for skinks, although area did increase or remain stable for a minority of species. For the no-dispersal scenario, the average decrease for geckos was 37–52% and for skinks was 33–52%. Our BPMMs showed phylogenetic signal in climate change vulnerability for both groups, with elevation increasing vulnerability for geckos, and body size reducing vulnerability for skinks. Main conclusions: NZ lizards showed variable vulnerability to climate change, with most species’ ranges predicted to decrease. For species whose suitable climatic space is projected to disappear from within their current range, managed relocation could be considered to establish populations in regions that will be suitable under future climates.

Ekvivalentinės juodosios anglies matavimai Isproje, Italijoje. Măsurători ale carbonului negru echivalent în Ispra, Italia. Вимірювання еквівалентного чорного вуглецю в Іспрі, Італія. Измервания на еквивалентен черен въглерод в Испра, Италия. Merania ekvivalentného čierneho uhlíka v Ispre, Taliansko. Tomhais de charbón dubh coibhéiseach in Ispra na hIodáile. Metingen van equivalente zwarte koolstof in Ispra, Italië. Mediciones de carbono negro equivalente en Ispra, Italia. Measurements of equivalent black carbon in Ispra, Italy. Pomiary równoważnego czarnego węgla w Ispra we Włoszech.

This spreadsheet contains the results for the article, "Meeting the costs of decarbonising industry – the potential effects on prices and competitiveness (a case study of the UK)". These include projected impacts for industrial process decarbonisation (costs, fuel use, residual emissions), for key years (2030, 2040, 2050), distributed in the following ways: - Directly allocated to industrial sector in which they occur - Shared between sectors in proportion to the share of GVA of each supply chain - Embodied in final products - Embodied in final products, aggregated to consumption patterns The source of the projections and the method to perform the distribution are described in detail in the associated article. Further relevant documentation may be found in the following resources. Cooper, S. J.G., Allen, S. R., Gailani, A., Norman, J. B., Owen, A., Barrett, J., and Taylor, P., 2024. Meeting the costs of decarbonising industry – The potential effects on prices and competitiveness (a case study of the UK). Energy Policy, 184, 113904. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113904. For details of the methods used, please see the associated journal article.

Στοιχεία σχετικά με: (1) χωρική κατανομή της αστικής μελισσοκομίας (αριθμός κυψελών και αριθμός μελισσοκομικών τοποθεσιών) σε 14 ελβετικές πόλεις (Γενεύη, Λωζάνη, Biel, Neuchatel, Βασιλεία, Ζυρίχη, Chur, Luzern, St. Gallen, Winterthur, Βέρνη, Λουγκάνο, Bellinzona, Thun) για την περίοδο 2012-2018· (2) συγκεντρωτικά δεδομένα για τη μοντελοποίηση της βιωσιμότητας της αστικής μελισσοκομίας. Στοιχεία σχετικά με: (1) χωρική κατανομή της αστικής μελισσοκομίας (αριθμός κυψελών και αριθμός μελισσοκομικών τοποθεσιών) σε 14 ελβετικές πόλεις (Γενεύη, Λωζάνη, Biel, Neuchatel, Βασιλεία, Ζυρίχη, Chur, Luzern, St. Gallen, Winterthur, Βέρνη, Λουγκάνο, Bellinzona, Thun) για την περίοδο 2012-2018· (2) συγκεντρωτικά δεδομένα για τη μοντελοποίηση της βιωσιμότητας της αστικής μελισσοκομίας. Στοιχεία σχετικά με: (1) χωρική κατανομή της αστικής μελισσοκομίας (αριθμός κυψελών και αριθμός μελισσοκομικών τοποθεσιών) σε 14 ελβετικές πόλεις (Γενεύη, Λωζάνη, Biel, Neuchatel, Βασιλεία, Ζυρίχη, Chur, Luzern, St. Gallen, Winterthur, Βέρνη, Λουγκάνο, Bellinzona, Thun) για την περίοδο 2012-2018· (2) συγκεντρωτικά δεδομένα για τη μοντελοποίηση της βιωσιμότητας της αστικής μελισσοκομίας. Données sur: (1) répartition spatiale de l’apiculture urbaine (nombre de ruches et nombre de sites apicoles) dans 14 villes suisses (Genève, Lausanne, Biel, Neuchatel, Bâle, Zurich, Chur, Luzern, St Gallen, Winterthur, Berne, Lugano, Bellinzona, Thun) pour la période 2012-2018; (2) des données agrégées pour modéliser la durabilité de l’apiculture urbaine. Données sur: (1) répartition spatiale de l’apiculture urbaine (nombre de ruches et nombre de sites apicoles) dans 14 villes suisses (Genève, Lausanne, Biel, Neuchatel, Bâle, Zurich, Chur, Luzern, St Gallen, Winterthur, Berne, Lugano, Bellinzona, Thun) pour la période 2012-2018; (2) des données agrégées pour modéliser la durabilité de l’apiculture urbaine. Données sur: (1) répartition spatiale de l’apiculture urbaine (nombre de ruches et nombre de sites apicoles) dans 14 villes suisses (Genève, Lausanne, Biel, Neuchatel, Bâle, Zurich, Chur, Luzern, St Gallen, Winterthur, Berne, Lugano, Bellinzona, Thun) pour la période 2012-2018; (2) des données agrégées pour modéliser la durabilité de l’apiculture urbaine. Údaje o: (1) prostorové rozložení včelařství (počet úlů a počet včelařských lokalit) ve 14 švýcarských městech (Ženeva, Lausanne, Biel, Neuchatel, Basilej, Curych, Chur, Luzern, St. Gallen, Winterthur, Bern, Lugano, Bellinzona, Thun) na období 2012–2018; (2) souhrnné údaje pro modelování udržitelnosti včelařství ve městech. Údaje o: (1) prostorové rozložení včelařství (počet úlů a počet včelařských lokalit) ve 14 švýcarských městech (Ženeva, Lausanne, Biel, Neuchatel, Basilej, Curych, Chur, Luzern, St. Gallen, Winterthur, Bern, Lugano, Bellinzona, Thun) na období 2012–2018; (2) souhrnné údaje pro modelování udržitelnosti včelařství ve městech. Údaje o: (1) prostorové rozložení včelařství (počet úlů a počet včelařských lokalit) ve 14 švýcarských městech (Ženeva, Lausanne, Biel, Neuchatel, Basilej, Curych, Chur, Luzern, St. Gallen, Winterthur, Bern, Lugano, Bellinzona, Thun) na období 2012–2018; (2) souhrnné údaje pro modelování udržitelnosti včelařství ve městech. Data dwar: (1) id-distribuzzjoni spazjali tal-apikultura urbana (l-għadd ta’ doqqajs u n-numru ta’ postijiet tat-trobbija tan-naħal) f’14-il belt Svizzera (Ġinevra, Lausanne, Biel, Neuchatel, Basel, Zurich, Chur, Luzern, St. Gallen, Winterthur, Bern, Lugano, Bellinzona, Thun) għall-perjodu 2012–2018; (2) dejta aggregata biex timmudella s-sostenibbiltà tat-trobbija urbana tan-naħal. Data dwar: (1) id-distribuzzjoni spazjali tal-apikultura urbana (l-għadd ta’ doqqajs u n-numru ta’ postijiet tat-trobbija tan-naħal) f’14-il belt Svizzera (Ġinevra, Lausanne, Biel, Neuchatel, Basel, Zurich, Chur, Luzern, St. Gallen, Winterthur, Bern, Lugano, Bellinzona, Thun) għall-perjodu 2012–2018; (2) dejta aggregata biex timmudella s-sostenibbiltà tat-trobbija urbana tan-naħal. Daten zu: (1) räumliche Verteilung der Bienenzucht (Anzahl der Bienenstöcke und Anzahl der Imkereistandorte) in 14 Schweizer Städten (Genf, Lausanne, Biel, Neuchatel, Basel, Zürich, Chur, Luzern, St. Gallen, Winterthur, Bern, Lugano, Bellinzona, Thun) für den Zeitraum 2012-2018; (2) aggregierte Daten zur Modellierung der Nachhaltigkeit der städtischen Bienenzucht. Daten zu: (1) räumliche Verteilung der Bienenzucht (Anzahl der Bienenstöcke und Anzahl der Imkereistandorte) in 14 Schweizer Städten (Genf, Lausanne, Biel, Neuchatel, Basel, Zürich, Chur, Luzern, St. Gallen, Winterthur, Bern, Lugano, Bellinzona, Thun) für den Zeitraum 2012-2018; (2) aggregierte Daten zur Modellierung der Nachhaltigkeit der städtischen Bienenzucht. Sonraí maidir le: (1) dáileadh spásúil na beachaireachta uirbí (líon na gcoirceog agus líon na láithreacha beachaireachta) i 14 chathair na hEilvéise (an Ghinéiv, Lausanne, Biel, Neuchatel, Basel, Zurich, Chur, Luzern, St. Gallen, Winterthur, Bern, Lugano, Bellinzona, Thun) don tréimhse 2012-2018; (2) sonraí comhiomlánaithe chun inbhuanaitheacht na beachaireachta uirbí a shamhaltú. Gegevens over: (1) ruimtelijke verdeling van de stedelijke bijenteelt (aantal bijenkasten en aantal bijenteeltlocaties) in 14 Zwitserse steden (Geneva, Lausanne, Biel, Neuchatel, Bazel, Zürich, Chur, Luzern, St. Gallen, Winterthur, Bern, Lugano, Bellinzona, Thun) voor de periode 2012-2018; (2) geaggregeerde gegevens om de duurzaamheid van de stedelijke bijenteelt te modelleren. Dane dotyczące: 1) rozmieszczenie przestrzenne pszczelarstwa miejskiego (liczba uli i liczba miejsc pszczelarskich) w 14 miastach Szwajcarii (Genewa, Lozanna, Biel, Neuchatel, Bazylea, Zurych, Chur, Luzern, St. Gallen, Winterthur, Berno, Lugano, Bellinzona, Thun) w latach 2012–2018; 2) dane zagregowane w celu modelowania zrównoważonego rozwoju pszczelarstwa miejskiego. Tiedot seuraavista: 1) kaupunkien mehiläishoidon alueellinen jakautuminen (pesien lukumäärä ja mehiläishoitopaikkojen lukumäärä) 14 Sveitsin kaupungissa (Geneva, Lausanne, Biel, Neuchatel, Basel, Zürich, Chur, Luzern, St. Gallen, Winterthur, Bern, Lugano, Bellinzona, Thun) vuosina 2012–2018; (2) aggregoidut tiedot kaupunkien mehiläishoidon kestävyyden mallintamiseksi. Datos sobre: (1) distribución espacial de la apicultura urbana (número de colmenas y número de lugares de apicultura) en 14 ciudades suizas (Ginebra, Lausana, Biel, Neuchatel, Basilea, Zúrich, Chur, Luzern, St. Gallen, Winterthur, Bern, Lugano, Bellinzona, Thun) para el período 2012-2018; (2) datos agregados para modelar la sostenibilidad de la apicultura urbana.

This database includes more than 100 decarbonisation innovations in Paper, Plastic, Steel and Meat & Dairy sectors, across their value chains, as well as in Finance. For each innovation there is a description, information about its contribution to decarbonisation, actors and collaborators involved, sources of funding, drivers, (co)benefits and disadvantages. More information on the method for selecting innovations for the database is available here. The database was created as part of REINVENT – a Horizon 2020 research project funded by the European Commission (grant agreement 730053). REINVENT involves five research institutions from four countries: Lund University (Sweden), Durham University (United Kingdom), Wuppertal Institute (Germany), PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (the Netherlands) and Utrecht University (the Netherlands). More information can be found on our website: www.reinvent-project.eu.

The atmosphere concentration of CO2 is steadily increasing and causing climate change. To achieve the Paris 1.5 or 2 oC target, negative emissions technologies must be deployed in addition to reducing carbon emissions. The ocean is a large carbon sink but the potential of marine primary producers to contribute to carbon neutrality remains unclear. Here we review the alterations to carbon capture and sequestration of marine primary producers (including traditional ‘blue carbon’ plants, microalgae, and macroalgae) in the Anthropocene, and, for the first time, assess and compare the potential of various marine primary producers to carbon neutrality and climate change mitigation via biogeoengineering approaches. The contributions of marine primary producers to carbon sequestration have been decreasing in the Anthropocene due to the decrease in biomass driven by direct anthropogenic activities and climate change. The potential of blue carbon plants (mangroves, saltmarshes, and seagrasses) is limited by the available areas for their revegetation. Microalgae appear to have a large potential due to their ubiquity but how to enhance their carbon sequestration efficiency is very complex and uncertain. On the other hand, macroalgae can play an essential role in mitigating climate change through extensive offshore cultivation due to higher carbon sequestration capacity and substantial available areas. This approach seems both technically and economically feasible due to the development of offshore aquaculture and a well-established market for macroalgal products. Synthesis and applications: This paper provides new insights and suggests promising directions for utilizing marine primary producers to achieve the Paris temperature target. We propose that macroalgae cultivation can play an essential role in attaining carbon neutrality and climate change mitigation, although its ecological impacts need to be assessed further. To calculate the parameters presented in Table 1, the relevant keywords "mangroves, salt marshes, macroalgae, microalgae, global area, net primary productivity, CO2 sequestration" were searched through the ISI Web of Science and Google Scholar in July 2021. Recent data published after 2010 were collected and used since area and productivity of plants change with decade. For data with limited availability, such as net primary productivity (NPP) of seagrasses and global area and NPP of wild macroalgae, data collection was extended back to 1980. Total NPP and CO2 sequestration for mangroves, salt marshes, seagrasses and wild macroalgae were obtained by the multiplication of area and NPP/CO2 sequestration density and subjected to error propagation analysis. Data were expressed as means ± standard error.

This repository contains a series of .csv files developed for the study titled "Plant canopies promote climatic disequilibrium in Mediterranean recruit communities", authored by: Perez-Navarro MA, Lloret F, Molina-Venegas R, Alcántara JM and Verdú M. The author of these files is Perez-Navarro MA. These files are used to characterize species niches, estimate climatic disequilibrium for recruit communities growing under plant canopies and open spaces, and conduct statistical analyses. Variables description of each table is compiled in the METADATA.txt file. Please visit Github readme () to correctly place these files in the folder tree and check for the corresponding scripts where they are required. Please notice that although alternative approaches were calibrated to estimate species niche (accordingly producing multiple niche, distances and disequilibrium dataframes), only niche centroid calibrated discarding 95 percentile of lowest niche density was used for paper results and figures. Also, in case of univariate analyses only bio01, bio06 and bio12 were used in analyses, though species niche and further niche and community estimations were obtained for all 19 variables. This is version 2 (v2) and include extra intermediate .csv required to run all the R scripts included in the abovementioned Github repository. NAs or empty cells present in the .csv files of this repository means no data and do not contribute to the analyses. Visit METADATA.txt file for variables description. These data are under CC0 license. It is possible to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose. Studies using R scripts or any data files from these study should cite the abovementioned paper (Perez-Navarro MA, Lloret F, Molina-Venegas R, Alcantara JM, Verdu M. (2024). Plant canopies promote climatic disequilibrium in Mediterranean recruit communities). Please contact m.angeles582@gmail.com in case of having doubts or problems with the existing files and scripts. Current rates of climate change are exceeding the capacity of many plant species to track climate, thus leading communities to be in disequilibrium with climatic conditions. Plant canopies can contribute to this disequilibrium by buffering macro-climatic conditions and sheltering poorly adapted species to the oncoming climate, particularly in their recruitment stages. Here we analyze differences in climatic disequilibrium between understory and open ground woody plant recruits in 28 localities, covering more than 100,000 m2, across an elevation range embedding temperature and aridity gradients in the southern Iberian Peninsula. This study demonstrates higher climatic disequilibrium under canopies compared with open ground, supporting that plant canopies would affect future community climatic lags by allowing the recruitment of less arid-adapted species in warm and dry conditions, but also it endorse that canopies could favor warm-adapted species in extremely cold environments as mountain tops, thus pre-adapting communities living in these habitats to climate change.

This dataset contains the underlying data for the following publication: Doukas, H., Spiliotis, E., Jafari, M. A., Giarola, S. & Nikas, A. (2021). Low-cost emissions cuts in container shipping: Thinking inside the box. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 94, 102815, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102815.

Input files for the ForClim model (version 4.0.1) used in the associated paper. They can be used to to reproduce results of the simulation study. The ForClim model, including the source code, executable and documentation, is freely available under an Open Access license from the website of the original developers at https://ites-fe.ethz.ch/openaccess/. The original climatic dataset used to generate the ForClim input climate files at each site in South Tyrol is freely available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.924502 while the CHELSA climate data for future scenarios are available at https://www.chelsa-climate.org. If interested in using this dataset for a research study or a project, please contact Marco Mina ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Hillebrand L, Marzini S, Crespi A, Hiltner U & Mina M (2023) Contrasting impacts of climate change on protection forests of the Italian Alps. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 6, 2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1240235 ABSTRACT. Protection forests play a key role in protecting settlements, people, and infrastructures from gravitational hazards such as rockfalls and avalanches in mountain areas. Rapid climate change is challenging the role of protection forests by altering their dynamics, structure, and composition. Information on local- and regional-scale impacts of climate change on protection forests is critical for planning adaptations in forest management. We used a model of forest dynamics (ForClim) to assess the succession of mountain forests in the Eastern Alps and their protective effects under future climate change scenarios. We investigated eleven representative forest sites along an elevational gradient across multiple locations within an administrative region, covering wide differences in tree species structure, composition, altitude, and exposition. We evaluated protective performance against rockfall and avalanches using numerical indices (i.e., linker functions) quantifying the degree of protection from metrics of simulated forest structure and composition. Our findings reveal that climate warming has a contrasting impact on protective effects in mountain forests of the Eastern Alps. Climate change is likely to not affect negatively all protection forest stands but its impact depends on site and stand conditions. Impacts were highly contingent to the magnitude of climate warming, with increasing criticality under the most severe climate projections. Forests in lower-montane elevations and those located in dry continental valleys showed drastic changes in forest structure and composition due to drought-induced mortality while subalpine forests mostly profited from rising temperatures and a longer vegetation period. Overall, avalanche protection will likely be negatively affected by climate change, while the ability of forests to maintain rockfall protection depends on the severity of expected climate change and their vulnerability due to elevation and topography, with most subalpine forests less prone to loosing protective effects. Proactive measures in management should be taken in the near future to avoid losses of protective effects in the case of severe climate change in the Alps. Given the heterogeneous impact of climate warming, such adaptations can be aided by model-based projections and high local resolution studies to identify forest stand types that might require management priority for maintaining protective effects in the future.

Aim: We propose that forest trees create a vertical dimension for ecological niche variation that generates different regimes of climatic exposure, which in turn drives species elevation distributions. We test this hypothesis by statistically modelling the vertical and elevation distributions and microclimate exposure of rainforest ants. Location: Wet Tropics Bioregion, Australia Methods: We conducted 60 ground-to-canopy surveys to determine the vertical (tree) and elevation distributions, and microclimate exposure of ants (101 species) at 15 sites along four mountain ranges. We statistically modelled elevation range size as a function of ant species’ vertical niche breadth and exposure to temperature variance for 55 species found at two or more trees. Results: We found a positive association between vertical niche and elevation range of ant species: for every 3 m increase in vertical niche breadth our models predict a ~150% increase in mean elevation range size. Temperature variance increased with vertical height along the arboreal gradient and ant species exposure to temperature variance explained some of the variation in elevation range size. Main Conclusions: We demonstrate that arboreal ants have broader elevation ranges than ground-dwelling ants and are likely to have increased resilience to climatic variance. The capacity of species to expand their niche by climbing trees could influence their ability to persist over broader elevation ranges. We propose that wherever vertical layering exists - from oceans to forest ecosystems - vertical niche breadth is a potential mechanism driving macrogeographic distribution patterns and resilience to climate change. Data_collections.csv Main survey collections data in a site by species matrix showing all data for all sites surveyed. Tuna baited vials were placed every three metres from ground to canopy in trees at elevation sites at four subregion mountain ranges of the Australian Wet Tropics Bioregion. Note data file includes empty vials that lacked ants. Microclimate_AthertonTemp.csv This file contains Atherton Uplands temperature data from ibuttons deployed at one tree per elevation (200, 400, 600, 800, 1000) at every three metres in height in Dec-Jan 2017- 2018 set to record every half hour. See file Metadata for details of column names and data values.