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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid Fontaine, Antoine;
    Fontaine, Antoine
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Fontaine, Antoine in OpenAIRE
    orcid Rocher, Laurence;
    Rocher, Laurence
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Rocher, Laurence in OpenAIRE

    The sharp increase in and volatility of fossil fuel prices, due in particular to the Russian–Ukrainian conflict, is a powerful incentive for cities to accelerate their energy transition. Yet urban authorities have limited power over the construction of energy policies and the management of networks, and they remain dependent on remote and mainly carbon-intensive imported sources of energy. The recovery of waste heat from waste incineration or industrial emissions and its use in heating networks represents a solution for cities to control part of their energy supply, to develop their own capacities for action and to implement local transition strategies, in addition to the development of renewable energies. Based on the analysis of four case studies in France between 2019 and 2022, in the context preceding the current energy crisis, this article examines how cities are trying to develop waste heat recovery and the role this energy resource plays in the decarbonisation of urban energy systems. The analysis highlights that the emergence of these projects is more broadly part of the renegotiation dynamics of energy, ecological and economic relationships between cities and industries, and that their implementation results in the construction of new urban energy nexuses. The use of waste heat makes it possible to improve the energy efficiency of industrial and urban energy systems, sometimes significantly, but it must be seen as a transitional solution because it can temporarily increase cities’ dependency on high-carbon and energy-inefficient industrial activities.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Université Jean Monn...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Université Jean Monn...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-ENS-LYON
      Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      HAL-ENS-LYON
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      HAL-Lyon 3
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      addClaim
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid Fontaine, Antoine;
    Fontaine, Antoine
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Fontaine, Antoine in OpenAIRE
    orcid Rocher, Laurence;
    Rocher, Laurence
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Rocher, Laurence in OpenAIRE

    The sharp increase in and volatility of fossil fuel prices, due in particular to the Russian–Ukrainian conflict, is a powerful incentive for cities to accelerate their energy transition. Yet urban authorities have limited power over the construction of energy policies and the management of networks, and they remain dependent on remote and mainly carbon-intensive imported sources of energy. The recovery of waste heat from waste incineration or industrial emissions and its use in heating networks represents a solution for cities to control part of their energy supply, to develop their own capacities for action and to implement local transition strategies, in addition to the development of renewable energies. Based on the analysis of four case studies in France between 2019 and 2022, in the context preceding the current energy crisis, this article examines how cities are trying to develop waste heat recovery and the role this energy resource plays in the decarbonisation of urban energy systems. The analysis highlights that the emergence of these projects is more broadly part of the renegotiation dynamics of energy, ecological and economic relationships between cities and industries, and that their implementation results in the construction of new urban energy nexuses. The use of waste heat makes it possible to improve the energy efficiency of industrial and urban energy systems, sometimes significantly, but it must be seen as a transitional solution because it can temporarily increase cities’ dependency on high-carbon and energy-inefficient industrial activities.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Université Jean Monn...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-ENS-LYON
    Article . 2023
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-Lyon 3
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: HAL-Lyon 3
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    HAL Lumiere Lyon 2
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    HAL-Lyon 3
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Université Jean Monn...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-ENS-LYON
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: HAL-ENS-LYON
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-Lyon 3
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: HAL-Lyon 3
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      HAL Lumiere Lyon 2
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      addClaim
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid De Lary De Latour, Louis;
    De Lary De Latour, Louis
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    De Lary De Latour, Louis in OpenAIRE
    orcid Loschetter, Annick;
    Loschetter, Annick
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Loschetter, Annick in OpenAIRE
    Bouc, Olivier; orcid Rohmer, Jeremy;
    Rohmer, Jeremy
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Rohmer, Jeremy in OpenAIRE
    +1 Authors

    Abstract Geological storage of the greenhouse gas CO 2 has the potential to be a widespread and effective option to mitigate climate change. As any industrial activity, CO 2 storage may lead to adverse impact on human health and the environment in the case of unexpected leakage from the reservoir. These potential impacts should be considered in a risk assessment process. We present an approach to assess the impacts on human health in case of CO 2 leakage emerging in the unsaturated zone under a building. We first focus on the migration of the CO 2 in the unsaturated zone and the foundation through numerical simulation with sensitivity analysis. Our results show that the intrusion of CO 2 into a building is substantially attenuated by the unsaturated zone and the foundation and may lead only under very specific conditions (very low ventilated parts of buildings, high flow rate and/or building situated very close to a leaking pathway) to hazardous CO 2 indoor concentrations. We have then integrated the former results in a global toolbox that provides an efficient and easy-to-use tool for decision support, which enables to assess the impacts on human health of CO 2 leakage from the reservoir to a building.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
      Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: orcid De Lary De Latour, Louis;
    De Lary De Latour, Louis
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    De Lary De Latour, Louis in OpenAIRE
    orcid Loschetter, Annick;
    Loschetter, Annick
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Loschetter, Annick in OpenAIRE
    Bouc, Olivier; orcid Rohmer, Jeremy;
    Rohmer, Jeremy
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Rohmer, Jeremy in OpenAIRE
    +1 Authors

    Abstract Geological storage of the greenhouse gas CO 2 has the potential to be a widespread and effective option to mitigate climate change. As any industrial activity, CO 2 storage may lead to adverse impact on human health and the environment in the case of unexpected leakage from the reservoir. These potential impacts should be considered in a risk assessment process. We present an approach to assess the impacts on human health in case of CO 2 leakage emerging in the unsaturated zone under a building. We first focus on the migration of the CO 2 in the unsaturated zone and the foundation through numerical simulation with sensitivity analysis. Our results show that the intrusion of CO 2 into a building is substantially attenuated by the unsaturated zone and the foundation and may lead only under very specific conditions (very low ventilated parts of buildings, high flow rate and/or building situated very close to a leaking pathway) to hazardous CO 2 indoor concentrations. We have then integrated the former results in a global toolbox that provides an efficient and easy-to-use tool for decision support, which enables to assess the impacts on human health of CO 2 leakage from the reservoir to a building.

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    International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
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      International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
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    Authors: Qunxing Huang; orcid Ange Nzihou;
    Ange Nzihou
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Ange Nzihou in OpenAIRE
    Yong Chi; Jun Dong; +4 Authors

    Heavy metal emission is a great environmental concern for the development of municipal solid waste (MSW) thermal treatment techniques. In this study, both experimental investigations and theoretical simulations are carried out to identify the partitioning of heavy metals between the gaseous phase and solid fractions during pyrolysis, gasification, and incineration of simulated MSW. Two types of incinerators are used. A tubular furnace is applied to evaluate the evaporation of metals from residues, whereas the metal distribution among bottom ash, cyclone fly ash, and filter fly ash is further examined in a fluidized bed. Six target metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Ni) are studied. Results show that a reductive atmosphere favors the evaporation of Cd and Zn but refrains Cu, Ni, and Cr volatilization, because metals are mainly reduced to their elemental form or sulfide, according to thermodynamic equilibrium calculation. Oxides are the dominant species under oxidizing condition due to the abundance of alkalis...

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    Energy & Fuels
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    Energy & Fuels
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    Authors: Qunxing Huang; orcid Ange Nzihou;
    Ange Nzihou
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Ange Nzihou in OpenAIRE
    Yong Chi; Jun Dong; +4 Authors

    Heavy metal emission is a great environmental concern for the development of municipal solid waste (MSW) thermal treatment techniques. In this study, both experimental investigations and theoretical simulations are carried out to identify the partitioning of heavy metals between the gaseous phase and solid fractions during pyrolysis, gasification, and incineration of simulated MSW. Two types of incinerators are used. A tubular furnace is applied to evaluate the evaporation of metals from residues, whereas the metal distribution among bottom ash, cyclone fly ash, and filter fly ash is further examined in a fluidized bed. Six target metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Ni) are studied. Results show that a reductive atmosphere favors the evaporation of Cd and Zn but refrains Cu, Ni, and Cr volatilization, because metals are mainly reduced to their elemental form or sulfide, according to thermodynamic equilibrium calculation. Oxides are the dominant species under oxidizing condition due to the abundance of alkalis...

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    Energy & Fuels
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    Authors: orcid Chachuat, Benoit;
    Chachuat, Benoit
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    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Chachuat, Benoit in OpenAIRE
    orcid Roche, Nicolas;
    Roche, Nicolas
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Roche, Nicolas in OpenAIRE
    Latifi, Razak;

    This paper discusses the influence of time horizon on dynamic optimization of small-size wastewater treatment plants alternating aerobic and anoxic processes. The optimization problem consists in determining the aeration policy (air-on and air-off periods) that minimizes the energy dissipated by the aeration system subject to both effluent and operating constraints. Optimization over short time horizons is first considered and reductions of the energy consumption up to 30% are obtained with respect to the usual operating mode of the process. But the application of such aeration strategies eventually results in a biomass wash-out when applied over long time periods. Here, it is shown that long time horizon optimized policies guarantee a durable functioning of the treatment plant. The resulting energy consumption savings are however lower (up to 15%), but are still important.

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    Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification
    Article . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: orcid Chachuat, Benoit;
    Chachuat, Benoit
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Chachuat, Benoit in OpenAIRE
    orcid Roche, Nicolas;
    Roche, Nicolas
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Roche, Nicolas in OpenAIRE
    Latifi, Razak;

    This paper discusses the influence of time horizon on dynamic optimization of small-size wastewater treatment plants alternating aerobic and anoxic processes. The optimization problem consists in determining the aeration policy (air-on and air-off periods) that minimizes the energy dissipated by the aeration system subject to both effluent and operating constraints. Optimization over short time horizons is first considered and reductions of the energy consumption up to 30% are obtained with respect to the usual operating mode of the process. But the application of such aeration strategies eventually results in a biomass wash-out when applied over long time periods. Here, it is shown that long time horizon optimized policies guarantee a durable functioning of the treatment plant. The resulting energy consumption savings are however lower (up to 15%), but are still important.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Chemical Engineering...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification
    Article . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: orcid Bouillass, Ghada;
    Bouillass, Ghada
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    Bouillass, Ghada in OpenAIRE
    orcid Blanc, Isabelle;
    Blanc, Isabelle
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    Blanc, Isabelle in OpenAIRE
    orcid Perez-Lopez, Paula;
    Perez-Lopez, Paula
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    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Perez-Lopez, Paula in OpenAIRE

    Abstract Purpose Investigating potential social and socio-economic impacts should play a key role for the development of sustainable mobility alternatives. Social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) is becoming increasingly important to ensure holistic sustainability assessments. The present work aims at identifying and evaluating social and socio-economic impact subcategories in S-LCA. A novel participatory approach implying all concerned stakeholders is proposed to select relevant impact subcategories and thus contribute to a thorough interpretation of S-LCA results. It is applied to assess electric and conventional vehicles. Methodology This paper describes a comprehensive step-by-step S-LCA framework. The innovation of this work consists in defining a structured S-LCA framework integrating a systematic approach based on two stages: (1) a sectorial risk analysis for the identification of impact subcategories and (2) a participatory approach for their prioritization. The proposed participatory approach considers all concerned stakeholders to enable the selection of the most relevant impact subcategories. A set of social inventory indicators is attributed to subcategories that were perceived as the most relevant. These are used to perform the social evaluation and carry out a full analysis in the result interpretation allowing thus to integrate a multi-actor perspective to the materiality assessment. Results The defined S-LCA framework is implemented to compare two mobility scenarios, corresponding to electric and conventional vehicle technologies. A new set of mobility-related impact subcategories is proposed for users’ stakeholder. Following the new designed participatory approach, subcategories for all stakeholders are prioritized according to different actors’ perceptions. For example, “safe and healthy living conditions,” “local employment,” and “delocalization and migration” were perceived for local communities as the most relevant subcategories by the different consulted stakeholders (industrial, academic, and public actors and users). These results also showed that social significance varies depending on the consulted actors and on the geographical area of the study. Using PSILCA database, we have investigated the subcategories that were perceived as the most relevant. Results for the evaluation and interpretation phases are presented for both transportation technologies. Conclusions This approach aims at increasing local relevance of S-LCA results and their representativeness. Results for the considered mobility scenarios have demonstrated the need to extend the scope of the materiality assessment, generally used for determining subcategories’ social significance from a single stakeholder perspective, by involving other stakeholders into the prioritization stage. Moreover, the proposed comprehensive S-LCA framework integrating the participatory approach is general enough to be applied to other product systems and sectors.

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    The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
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    Authors: orcid Bouillass, Ghada;
    Bouillass, Ghada
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Bouillass, Ghada in OpenAIRE
    orcid Blanc, Isabelle;
    Blanc, Isabelle
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Blanc, Isabelle in OpenAIRE
    orcid Perez-Lopez, Paula;
    Perez-Lopez, Paula
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Perez-Lopez, Paula in OpenAIRE

    Abstract Purpose Investigating potential social and socio-economic impacts should play a key role for the development of sustainable mobility alternatives. Social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) is becoming increasingly important to ensure holistic sustainability assessments. The present work aims at identifying and evaluating social and socio-economic impact subcategories in S-LCA. A novel participatory approach implying all concerned stakeholders is proposed to select relevant impact subcategories and thus contribute to a thorough interpretation of S-LCA results. It is applied to assess electric and conventional vehicles. Methodology This paper describes a comprehensive step-by-step S-LCA framework. The innovation of this work consists in defining a structured S-LCA framework integrating a systematic approach based on two stages: (1) a sectorial risk analysis for the identification of impact subcategories and (2) a participatory approach for their prioritization. The proposed participatory approach considers all concerned stakeholders to enable the selection of the most relevant impact subcategories. A set of social inventory indicators is attributed to subcategories that were perceived as the most relevant. These are used to perform the social evaluation and carry out a full analysis in the result interpretation allowing thus to integrate a multi-actor perspective to the materiality assessment. Results The defined S-LCA framework is implemented to compare two mobility scenarios, corresponding to electric and conventional vehicle technologies. A new set of mobility-related impact subcategories is proposed for users’ stakeholder. Following the new designed participatory approach, subcategories for all stakeholders are prioritized according to different actors’ perceptions. For example, “safe and healthy living conditions,” “local employment,” and “delocalization and migration” were perceived for local communities as the most relevant subcategories by the different consulted stakeholders (industrial, academic, and public actors and users). These results also showed that social significance varies depending on the consulted actors and on the geographical area of the study. Using PSILCA database, we have investigated the subcategories that were perceived as the most relevant. Results for the evaluation and interpretation phases are presented for both transportation technologies. Conclusions This approach aims at increasing local relevance of S-LCA results and their representativeness. Results for the considered mobility scenarios have demonstrated the need to extend the scope of the materiality assessment, generally used for determining subcategories’ social significance from a single stakeholder perspective, by involving other stakeholders into the prioritization stage. Moreover, the proposed comprehensive S-LCA framework integrating the participatory approach is general enough to be applied to other product systems and sectors.

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    The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Article . 2021
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      The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: orcid Guillermo A. Baigorria;
    Guillermo A. Baigorria
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    Guillermo A. Baigorria in OpenAIRE
    John M. Antle; orcid Kenneth J. Boote;
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    Kenneth J. Boote in OpenAIRE
    Cheryl H. Porter; +14 Authors

    The Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) is a major international effort linking the climate, crop, and economic modeling communities with cutting-edge information technology to produce improved crop and economic models and the next generation of climate impact projections for the agricultural sector. The goals of AgMIP are to improve substantially the characterization of world food security due to climate change and to enhance adaptation capacity in both developing and developed countries. Analyses of the agricultural impacts of climate variability and change require a transdisciplinary effort to consistently link state-of-the-art climate scenarios to crop and economic models. Crop model outputs are aggregated as inputs to regional and global economic models to determine regional vulnerabilities, changes in comparative advantage, price effects, and potential adaptation strategies in the agricultural sector. Climate, Crop Modeling, Economics, and Information Technology Team Protocols are presented to guide coordinated climate, crop modeling, economics, and information technology research activities around the world, along with AgMIP Cross-Cutting Themes that address uncertainty, aggregation and scaling, and the development of Representative Agricultural Pathways (RAPs) to enable testing of climate change adaptations in the context of other regional and global trends. The organization of research activities by geographic region and specific crops is described, along with project milestones. Pilot results demonstrate AgMIP's role in assessing climate impacts with explicit representation of uncertainties in climate scenarios and simulations using crop and economic models. An intercomparison of wheat model simulations near Obregón, Mexico reveals inter-model differences in yield sensitivity to [CO2] with model uncertainty holding approximately steady as concentrations rise, while uncertainty related to choice of crop model increases with rising temperatures. Wheat model simulations with mid-century climate scenarios project a slight decline in absolute yields that is more sensitive to selection of crop model than to global climate model, emissions scenario, or climate scenario downscaling method. A comparison of regional and national-scale economic simulations finds a large sensitivity of projected yield changes to the simulations’ resolved scales. Finally, a global economic model intercomparison example demonstrates that improvements in the understanding of agriculture futures arise from integration of the range of uncertainty in crop, climate, and economic modeling results in multi-model assessments.

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    Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    Authors: orcid Guillermo A. Baigorria;
    Guillermo A. Baigorria
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    Guillermo A. Baigorria in OpenAIRE
    John M. Antle; orcid Kenneth J. Boote;
    Kenneth J. Boote
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    Kenneth J. Boote in OpenAIRE
    Cheryl H. Porter; +14 Authors

    The Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) is a major international effort linking the climate, crop, and economic modeling communities with cutting-edge information technology to produce improved crop and economic models and the next generation of climate impact projections for the agricultural sector. The goals of AgMIP are to improve substantially the characterization of world food security due to climate change and to enhance adaptation capacity in both developing and developed countries. Analyses of the agricultural impacts of climate variability and change require a transdisciplinary effort to consistently link state-of-the-art climate scenarios to crop and economic models. Crop model outputs are aggregated as inputs to regional and global economic models to determine regional vulnerabilities, changes in comparative advantage, price effects, and potential adaptation strategies in the agricultural sector. Climate, Crop Modeling, Economics, and Information Technology Team Protocols are presented to guide coordinated climate, crop modeling, economics, and information technology research activities around the world, along with AgMIP Cross-Cutting Themes that address uncertainty, aggregation and scaling, and the development of Representative Agricultural Pathways (RAPs) to enable testing of climate change adaptations in the context of other regional and global trends. The organization of research activities by geographic region and specific crops is described, along with project milestones. Pilot results demonstrate AgMIP's role in assessing climate impacts with explicit representation of uncertainties in climate scenarios and simulations using crop and economic models. An intercomparison of wheat model simulations near Obregón, Mexico reveals inter-model differences in yield sensitivity to [CO2] with model uncertainty holding approximately steady as concentrations rise, while uncertainty related to choice of crop model increases with rising temperatures. Wheat model simulations with mid-century climate scenarios project a slight decline in absolute yields that is more sensitive to selection of crop model than to global climate model, emissions scenario, or climate scenario downscaling method. A comparison of regional and national-scale economic simulations finds a large sensitivity of projected yield changes to the simulations’ resolved scales. Finally, a global economic model intercomparison example demonstrates that improvements in the understanding of agriculture futures arise from integration of the range of uncertainty in crop, climate, and economic modeling results in multi-model assessments.

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    Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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      Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    Authors: orcid Chollet, Simon;
    Chollet, Simon
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    orcid Rambal, Serge;
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    orcid Fayolle, Adeline;
    Fayolle, Adeline
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    Fayolle, Adeline in OpenAIRE
    Hubert, Daniel; +2 Authors

    Biomass production in grasslands, a key component of food provision for domestic herbivores, is known to depend on climate, resource availability, and on the functional characteristics of communities. However, the combined effects of these different factors remain largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to unravel the causes of variations in the standing biomass of plant communities using a long‐term experiment conducted in a Mediterranean rangeland of Southern France. Two management regimes, sheep grazing and grazing associated with mineral fertilization, were applied to different areas of the study site over the past 25 years. Abiotic (temperature, available water, nutrients) and biotic (components of the functional structure communities) factors were considered to explain interannual and spatial variations in standing biomass in these rangelands.Standing biomass was highly predictable, with the best model explaining ∼80% of variations in the amount of biomass produced, but the variation explained by abiotic and biotic factors was dependent on the season and on the management regime. Abiotic factors were found to have comparable effects in both management regimes: The amount of biomass produced in the spring was limited by cold temperatures, while it was limited by water availability and high temperatures in the summer. In the fertilized community, the progressive change in the functional structure of the communities had significant effects on the amount of biomass produced: the dominance of few productive species which were functionally close led to higher peak standing biomass in spring.

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    Ecology
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    Ecology
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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      Ecology
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: orcid Chollet, Simon;
    Chollet, Simon
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    Chollet, Simon in OpenAIRE
    orcid Rambal, Serge;
    Rambal, Serge
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    Rambal, Serge in OpenAIRE
    orcid Fayolle, Adeline;
    Fayolle, Adeline
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    Fayolle, Adeline in OpenAIRE
    Hubert, Daniel; +2 Authors

    Biomass production in grasslands, a key component of food provision for domestic herbivores, is known to depend on climate, resource availability, and on the functional characteristics of communities. However, the combined effects of these different factors remain largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to unravel the causes of variations in the standing biomass of plant communities using a long‐term experiment conducted in a Mediterranean rangeland of Southern France. Two management regimes, sheep grazing and grazing associated with mineral fertilization, were applied to different areas of the study site over the past 25 years. Abiotic (temperature, available water, nutrients) and biotic (components of the functional structure communities) factors were considered to explain interannual and spatial variations in standing biomass in these rangelands.Standing biomass was highly predictable, with the best model explaining ∼80% of variations in the amount of biomass produced, but the variation explained by abiotic and biotic factors was dependent on the season and on the management regime. Abiotic factors were found to have comparable effects in both management regimes: The amount of biomass produced in the spring was limited by cold temperatures, while it was limited by water availability and high temperatures in the summer. In the fertilized community, the progressive change in the functional structure of the communities had significant effects on the amount of biomass produced: the dominance of few productive species which were functionally close led to higher peak standing biomass in spring.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ecologyarrow_drop_down
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    Ecology
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    Ecology
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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    Ecology
    Article . 2014
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      Ecology
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      Ecology
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    Authors: Glato Kodjo; Atsou Aïdam; orcid Ndjido Ardo Kane;
    Ndjido Ardo Kane
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    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Ndjido Ardo Kane in OpenAIRE
    Diallo Bassirou; +5 Authors

    L'agriculture subsaharienne a été identifiée comme vulnérable au changement climatique en cours. L'adaptation de l'agriculture a été suggérée comme un moyen de maintenir la productivité. Une meilleure connaissance de la diversité intra-spécifique des variétés est une condition préalable à la bonne gestion de cette adaptation. Parmi les cultures, les racines et les tubercules jouent un rôle important dans la sécurité alimentaire et la croissance économique des populations les plus vulnérables d'Afrique. Ici, nous nous concentrons sur la patate douce. La patate douce (Ipomoea batatas) a été domestiquée en Amérique centrale et en Amérique du Sud et a ensuite été introduite en Afrique et est maintenant cultivée dans toute l'Afrique tropicale. Nous avons évalué sa diversité en Afrique de l'Ouest en échantillonnant une région s'étendant de la zone côtière du Togo à la région septentrionale sahélienne du Sénégal qui représente une gamme de conditions climatiques. À l'aide de 12 marqueurs microsatellites, nous avons évalué 132 variétés le long de ce gradient. Des données phénotypiques issues d'essais sur le terrain menés en trois saisons ont également été obtenues. La diversité génétique en Afrique de l'Ouest s'est avérée inférieure de 18 % à celle des États-Unis. La diversité génétique en Afrique de l'Ouest est structurée en cinq groupes, certains groupes se trouvant dans des zones climatiques très spécifiques, par exemple sous un climat tropical humide ou sous un climat sahélien. Nous avons également observé des groupes génétiques qui se produisent dans un plus large éventail de climats. Les groupes génétiques ont également été associés à la différenciation morphologique, principalement la forme des feuilles et la couleur de la tige ou de la racine. Cette structure particulière de la diversité le long d'un gradient climatique avec association à la variabilité phénotypique peut être utilisée pour des stratégies de conservation. S'il s'avère qu'une telle structure est associée à une adaptation climatique spécifique, elle permettra également de développer des stratégies pour adapter l'agriculture aux variations climatiques en cours en Afrique de l'Ouest. La agricultura subsahariana ha sido identificada como vulnerable al cambio climático en curso. Se ha sugerido la adaptación de la agricultura como una forma de mantener la productividad. Un mejor conocimiento de la diversidad intraespecífica de variedades es un requisito previo para el manejo exitoso de dicha adaptación. Entre los cultivos, la raíz y los tubérculos desempeñan un papel importante en la seguridad alimentaria y el crecimiento económico de las poblaciones más vulnerables de África. Aquí, nos centramos en la batata. La batata (Ipomoea batatas) se domesticó en América Central y del Sur y más tarde se introdujo en África y ahora se cultiva en toda el África tropical. Evaluamos su diversidad en África Occidental mediante el muestreo de una región que se extiende desde la zona costera de Togo hasta la región septentrional del Sahel en Senegal y que representa una variedad de condiciones climáticas. Utilizando 12 marcadores de microsatélites, evaluamos 132 variedades a lo largo de este gradiente. También se obtuvieron datos fenotípicos de ensayos de campo realizados en tres temporadas. Se encontró que la diversidad genética en África Occidental era un 18% menor que en América. La diversidad genética en África Occidental se estructura en cinco grupos, y algunos grupos se encuentran en áreas climáticas muy específicas, por ejemplo, en un clima tropical húmedo o en un clima saheliano. También observamos grupos genéticos que se producen en una gama más amplia de climas. Los grupos genéticos también se asociaron con la diferenciación morfológica, principalmente la forma de las hojas y el color del tallo o raíz. Esta estructura particular de diversidad a lo largo de un gradiente climático con asociación a la variabilidad fenotípica se puede utilizar para estrategias de conservación. Si se demuestra que dicha estructura está asociada con una adaptación climática específica, también permitirá desarrollar estrategias para adaptar la agricultura a la variación climática en curso en África Occidental. Sub-Saharan agriculture has been identified as vulnerable to ongoing climate change. Adaptation of agriculture has been suggested as a way to maintain productivity. Better knowledge of intra-specific diversity of varieties is prerequisites for the successful management of such adaptation. Among crops, root and tubers play important roles in food security and economic growth for the most vulnerable populations in Africa. Here, we focus on the sweet potato. The Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) was domesticated in Central and South America and was later introduced into Africa and is now cultivated throughout tropical Africa. We evaluated its diversity in West Africa by sampling a region extending from the coastal area of Togo to the northern Sahelian region of Senegal that represents a range of climatic conditions. Using 12 microsatellite markers, we evaluated 132 varieties along this gradient. Phenotypic data from field trials conducted in three seasons was also obtained. Genetic diversity in West Africa was found to be 18% lower than in America. Genetic diversity in West Africa is structured into five groups, with some groups found in very specific climatic areas, e.g. under a tropical humid climate, or under a Sahelian climate. We also observed genetic groups that occur in a wider range of climates. The genetic groups were also associated with morphological differentiation, mainly the shape of the leaves and the color of the stem or root. This particular structure of diversity along a climatic gradient with association to phenotypic variability can be used for conservation strategies. If such structure is proved to be associated with specific climatic adaptation, it will also allow developing strategies to adapt agriculture to ongoing climate variation in West Africa. تم تحديد الزراعة في جنوب الصحراء على أنها عرضة لتغير المناخ المستمر. تم اقتراح تكييف الزراعة كوسيلة للحفاظ على الإنتاجية. إن المعرفة الأفضل بتنوع الأصناف داخل الأنواع هو شرط أساسي للإدارة الناجحة لهذا التكيف. من بين المحاصيل، تلعب الجذور والدرنات أدوارًا مهمة في الأمن الغذائي والنمو الاقتصادي للفئات السكانية الأكثر ضعفًا في أفريقيا. هنا، نركز على البطاطا الحلوة. تم تدجين البطاطا الحلوة (إيبومويا باتاتاس) في أمريكا الوسطى والجنوبية وتم إدخالها لاحقًا إلى إفريقيا ويتم زراعتها الآن في جميع أنحاء إفريقيا الاستوائية. قمنا بتقييم تنوعها في غرب إفريقيا من خلال أخذ عينات من منطقة تمتد من المنطقة الساحلية لتوغو إلى منطقة الساحل الشمالي للسنغال التي تمثل مجموعة من الظروف المناخية. باستخدام 12 علامة للأقمار الصناعية الصغيرة، قمنا بتقييم 132 نوعًا على طول هذا التدرج. كما تم الحصول على بيانات النمط الظاهري من التجارب الميدانية التي أجريت في ثلاثة مواسم. وجد أن التنوع الوراثي في غرب إفريقيا أقل بنسبة 18 ٪ منه في أمريكا. ينقسم التنوع الوراثي في غرب أفريقيا إلى خمس مجموعات، حيث توجد بعض المجموعات في مناطق مناخية محددة للغاية، على سبيل المثال في ظل مناخ استوائي رطب، أو في ظل مناخ الساحل. لاحظنا أيضًا المجموعات الوراثية التي تحدث في مجموعة واسعة من المناخات. ارتبطت المجموعات الوراثية أيضًا بالتمايز المورفولوجي، بشكل أساسي شكل الأوراق ولون الجذع أو الجذر. يمكن استخدام هذا الهيكل الخاص للتنوع على طول التدرج المناخي مع الارتباط بالتغير الظاهري لاستراتيجيات الحفظ. إذا ثبت أن هذا الهيكل مرتبط بتكيف مناخي محدد، فسيسمح أيضًا بتطوير استراتيجيات لتكييف الزراعة مع التقلبات المناخية المستمرة في غرب إفريقيا.

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    Authors: Glato Kodjo; Atsou Aïdam; orcid Ndjido Ardo Kane;
    Ndjido Ardo Kane
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Ndjido Ardo Kane in OpenAIRE
    Diallo Bassirou; +5 Authors

    L'agriculture subsaharienne a été identifiée comme vulnérable au changement climatique en cours. L'adaptation de l'agriculture a été suggérée comme un moyen de maintenir la productivité. Une meilleure connaissance de la diversité intra-spécifique des variétés est une condition préalable à la bonne gestion de cette adaptation. Parmi les cultures, les racines et les tubercules jouent un rôle important dans la sécurité alimentaire et la croissance économique des populations les plus vulnérables d'Afrique. Ici, nous nous concentrons sur la patate douce. La patate douce (Ipomoea batatas) a été domestiquée en Amérique centrale et en Amérique du Sud et a ensuite été introduite en Afrique et est maintenant cultivée dans toute l'Afrique tropicale. Nous avons évalué sa diversité en Afrique de l'Ouest en échantillonnant une région s'étendant de la zone côtière du Togo à la région septentrionale sahélienne du Sénégal qui représente une gamme de conditions climatiques. À l'aide de 12 marqueurs microsatellites, nous avons évalué 132 variétés le long de ce gradient. Des données phénotypiques issues d'essais sur le terrain menés en trois saisons ont également été obtenues. La diversité génétique en Afrique de l'Ouest s'est avérée inférieure de 18 % à celle des États-Unis. La diversité génétique en Afrique de l'Ouest est structurée en cinq groupes, certains groupes se trouvant dans des zones climatiques très spécifiques, par exemple sous un climat tropical humide ou sous un climat sahélien. Nous avons également observé des groupes génétiques qui se produisent dans un plus large éventail de climats. Les groupes génétiques ont également été associés à la différenciation morphologique, principalement la forme des feuilles et la couleur de la tige ou de la racine. Cette structure particulière de la diversité le long d'un gradient climatique avec association à la variabilité phénotypique peut être utilisée pour des stratégies de conservation. S'il s'avère qu'une telle structure est associée à une adaptation climatique spécifique, elle permettra également de développer des stratégies pour adapter l'agriculture aux variations climatiques en cours en Afrique de l'Ouest. La agricultura subsahariana ha sido identificada como vulnerable al cambio climático en curso. Se ha sugerido la adaptación de la agricultura como una forma de mantener la productividad. Un mejor conocimiento de la diversidad intraespecífica de variedades es un requisito previo para el manejo exitoso de dicha adaptación. Entre los cultivos, la raíz y los tubérculos desempeñan un papel importante en la seguridad alimentaria y el crecimiento económico de las poblaciones más vulnerables de África. Aquí, nos centramos en la batata. La batata (Ipomoea batatas) se domesticó en América Central y del Sur y más tarde se introdujo en África y ahora se cultiva en toda el África tropical. Evaluamos su diversidad en África Occidental mediante el muestreo de una región que se extiende desde la zona costera de Togo hasta la región septentrional del Sahel en Senegal y que representa una variedad de condiciones climáticas. Utilizando 12 marcadores de microsatélites, evaluamos 132 variedades a lo largo de este gradiente. También se obtuvieron datos fenotípicos de ensayos de campo realizados en tres temporadas. Se encontró que la diversidad genética en África Occidental era un 18% menor que en América. La diversidad genética en África Occidental se estructura en cinco grupos, y algunos grupos se encuentran en áreas climáticas muy específicas, por ejemplo, en un clima tropical húmedo o en un clima saheliano. También observamos grupos genéticos que se producen en una gama más amplia de climas. Los grupos genéticos también se asociaron con la diferenciación morfológica, principalmente la forma de las hojas y el color del tallo o raíz. Esta estructura particular de diversidad a lo largo de un gradiente climático con asociación a la variabilidad fenotípica se puede utilizar para estrategias de conservación. Si se demuestra que dicha estructura está asociada con una adaptación climática específica, también permitirá desarrollar estrategias para adaptar la agricultura a la variación climática en curso en África Occidental. Sub-Saharan agriculture has been identified as vulnerable to ongoing climate change. Adaptation of agriculture has been suggested as a way to maintain productivity. Better knowledge of intra-specific diversity of varieties is prerequisites for the successful management of such adaptation. Among crops, root and tubers play important roles in food security and economic growth for the most vulnerable populations in Africa. Here, we focus on the sweet potato. The Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) was domesticated in Central and South America and was later introduced into Africa and is now cultivated throughout tropical Africa. We evaluated its diversity in West Africa by sampling a region extending from the coastal area of Togo to the northern Sahelian region of Senegal that represents a range of climatic conditions. Using 12 microsatellite markers, we evaluated 132 varieties along this gradient. Phenotypic data from field trials conducted in three seasons was also obtained. Genetic diversity in West Africa was found to be 18% lower than in America. Genetic diversity in West Africa is structured into five groups, with some groups found in very specific climatic areas, e.g. under a tropical humid climate, or under a Sahelian climate. We also observed genetic groups that occur in a wider range of climates. The genetic groups were also associated with morphological differentiation, mainly the shape of the leaves and the color of the stem or root. This particular structure of diversity along a climatic gradient with association to phenotypic variability can be used for conservation strategies. If such structure is proved to be associated with specific climatic adaptation, it will also allow developing strategies to adapt agriculture to ongoing climate variation in West Africa. تم تحديد الزراعة في جنوب الصحراء على أنها عرضة لتغير المناخ المستمر. تم اقتراح تكييف الزراعة كوسيلة للحفاظ على الإنتاجية. إن المعرفة الأفضل بتنوع الأصناف داخل الأنواع هو شرط أساسي للإدارة الناجحة لهذا التكيف. من بين المحاصيل، تلعب الجذور والدرنات أدوارًا مهمة في الأمن الغذائي والنمو الاقتصادي للفئات السكانية الأكثر ضعفًا في أفريقيا. هنا، نركز على البطاطا الحلوة. تم تدجين البطاطا الحلوة (إيبومويا باتاتاس) في أمريكا الوسطى والجنوبية وتم إدخالها لاحقًا إلى إفريقيا ويتم زراعتها الآن في جميع أنحاء إفريقيا الاستوائية. قمنا بتقييم تنوعها في غرب إفريقيا من خلال أخذ عينات من منطقة تمتد من المنطقة الساحلية لتوغو إلى منطقة الساحل الشمالي للسنغال التي تمثل مجموعة من الظروف المناخية. باستخدام 12 علامة للأقمار الصناعية الصغيرة، قمنا بتقييم 132 نوعًا على طول هذا التدرج. كما تم الحصول على بيانات النمط الظاهري من التجارب الميدانية التي أجريت في ثلاثة مواسم. وجد أن التنوع الوراثي في غرب إفريقيا أقل بنسبة 18 ٪ منه في أمريكا. ينقسم التنوع الوراثي في غرب أفريقيا إلى خمس مجموعات، حيث توجد بعض المجموعات في مناطق مناخية محددة للغاية، على سبيل المثال في ظل مناخ استوائي رطب، أو في ظل مناخ الساحل. لاحظنا أيضًا المجموعات الوراثية التي تحدث في مجموعة واسعة من المناخات. ارتبطت المجموعات الوراثية أيضًا بالتمايز المورفولوجي، بشكل أساسي شكل الأوراق ولون الجذع أو الجذر. يمكن استخدام هذا الهيكل الخاص للتنوع على طول التدرج المناخي مع الارتباط بالتغير الظاهري لاستراتيجيات الحفظ. إذا ثبت أن هذا الهيكل مرتبط بتكيف مناخي محدد، فسيسمح أيضًا بتطوير استراتيجيات لتكييف الزراعة مع التقلبات المناخية المستمرة في غرب إفريقيا.

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    Authors: orcid Epron, Daniel;
    Epron, Daniel
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    Epron, Daniel in OpenAIRE
    orcid Nouvellon, Yann;
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    orcid Mareschal, Louis;
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    Moreira E Moreira, Rildo; +7 Authors

    Abstract The introduction of nitrogen fixing species (NFS) in fast-growing tree plantations is an alternative option to reduce fertilizer inputs. However, the success of mixed-species plantations depends on the balance between positive interactions among species (resulting from facilitation and/or complementarity) and the negative effects of interspecific competition. Using a carbon budget approach and coupling measurements of standing biomass, aboveground litterfall and soil CO2 efflux, we assessed the influence of replacing half of eucalypt trees by Acacia mangium on total belowground carbon flux (TBCF), net primary production (NPP) and its partitioning between above- and belowground growth at two tropical sites in Brazil (Itatinga) and in Congo (Kissoko) exhibiting contrasting climates, edaphic conditions and wood productions. Annual soil CO2 efflux (FS) was significantly lower in the acacia monocultures than in eucalypt monocultures and mixed-species stands at both sites. Annual FS was significantly lower at Itatinga compared to Kissoko for all stands while TBCF was significantly lower in the eucalypt stands only. In the eucalypt monocultures we found a significantly lower aboveground NPP (ANPP) and wood production (wood NPP) at Kissoko compared to Itatinga that was almost fully balanced by a significantly higher belowground NPP (BNPP), leading to similar NPP. Similarly, acacia monocultures exhibited significantly higher ANPP and wood NPP at Itatinga than at Kissoko. The mixed-species stands exhibited a significantly lower wood NPP and ANPP than the eucalypt monocultures at the Brazilian site while NPP of the mixture was not significantly different than the average NPP of the two monocultures. At the Congolese site, NPP of the mixture was significantly higher than the average NPP of the two monocultures. NPP was similar in the mixed-species stand and the eucalypt monoculture with a significantly lower partitioning of NPP to belowground production, leading to a one third higher wood biomass at harvest in the mixed-species stand. A positive effect of growing eucalypts with the nitrogen fixing acacia trees on stand wood production occurred at Kissoko but not at Itatinga. Mixed-species plantations with NFS can be advocated at sites where the productive gains resulting from nitrogen fixation are not compromised by other resource limitations.

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    Forest Ecology and Management
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    Authors: orcid Epron, Daniel;
    Epron, Daniel
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    Epron, Daniel in OpenAIRE
    orcid Nouvellon, Yann;
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    Nouvellon, Yann in OpenAIRE
    orcid Mareschal, Louis;
    Mareschal, Louis
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    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Mareschal, Louis in OpenAIRE
    Moreira E Moreira, Rildo; +7 Authors

    Abstract The introduction of nitrogen fixing species (NFS) in fast-growing tree plantations is an alternative option to reduce fertilizer inputs. However, the success of mixed-species plantations depends on the balance between positive interactions among species (resulting from facilitation and/or complementarity) and the negative effects of interspecific competition. Using a carbon budget approach and coupling measurements of standing biomass, aboveground litterfall and soil CO2 efflux, we assessed the influence of replacing half of eucalypt trees by Acacia mangium on total belowground carbon flux (TBCF), net primary production (NPP) and its partitioning between above- and belowground growth at two tropical sites in Brazil (Itatinga) and in Congo (Kissoko) exhibiting contrasting climates, edaphic conditions and wood productions. Annual soil CO2 efflux (FS) was significantly lower in the acacia monocultures than in eucalypt monocultures and mixed-species stands at both sites. Annual FS was significantly lower at Itatinga compared to Kissoko for all stands while TBCF was significantly lower in the eucalypt stands only. In the eucalypt monocultures we found a significantly lower aboveground NPP (ANPP) and wood production (wood NPP) at Kissoko compared to Itatinga that was almost fully balanced by a significantly higher belowground NPP (BNPP), leading to similar NPP. Similarly, acacia monocultures exhibited significantly higher ANPP and wood NPP at Itatinga than at Kissoko. The mixed-species stands exhibited a significantly lower wood NPP and ANPP than the eucalypt monocultures at the Brazilian site while NPP of the mixture was not significantly different than the average NPP of the two monocultures. At the Congolese site, NPP of the mixture was significantly higher than the average NPP of the two monocultures. NPP was similar in the mixed-species stand and the eucalypt monoculture with a significantly lower partitioning of NPP to belowground production, leading to a one third higher wood biomass at harvest in the mixed-species stand. A positive effect of growing eucalypts with the nitrogen fixing acacia trees on stand wood production occurred at Kissoko but not at Itatinga. Mixed-species plantations with NFS can be advocated at sites where the productive gains resulting from nitrogen fixation are not compromised by other resource limitations.

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    Forest Ecology and Management
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    Authors: James M. Njeru; Fred Kanampiu; Dan Makumbi; Leonard Rusinamhodzi; +1 Authors

    La combinaison de différents systèmes de culture et de travail du sol avec différents génotypes au cours de plusieurs saisons de culture peut révéler des opportunités d'intensification durable (IS). L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer la performance de six génotypes de maïs en culture intercalaire avec labour de conservation (sans labour) - deux options prometteuses pour le SI. L'expérience a été menée sur trois ans (ou six saisons de culture) à la station de recherche de Kiboko, au Kenya, avec la culture de la sole et le labour des plaques de moulage comme systèmes de production de base. Les résultats ont montré que les génotypes et les systèmes de culture du maïs avaient un effet significatif sur le rendement, mais que l'effet du travail du sol n'était pas significatif. De plus, il n'y avait pas d'effets interactifs significatifs des facteurs testés sur le rendement du maïs. Le génotype de maïs CKH10085 avait le rendement le plus élevé de 7,7 t ha-1 en culture en solitaire, mais il a également enregistré la plus grande pénalité de rendement en raison de la culture intercalaire de 1,1 t ha-1. D'autre part, le génotype CKH10717 a maintenu le même rendement moyen de 7,1 t ha-1 dans les systèmes de travail du sol conventionnels et de conservation. Les génotypes commerciaux CKH10080 et CKH08051 étaient plus stables que les autres génotypes expérimentaux dans les conditions variables de croissance et de gestion. Ces deux génotypes sont de maturité intermédiaire et de tolérance à la sécheresse, deux attributs essentiels à l'amélioration de la production de maïs. Les cultures intercalaires ont réduit les rendements de maïs en raison de la concurrence accrue, par exemple, le rendement global de la culture de la sole était de 7,1 t ha-1 par rapport à 6,4 t ha-1 en cultures intercalaires ; ce qui représente une pénalité de rendement global de 0,7 t ha-1. Les différences de performance des génotypes de maïs ont révélé des possibilités de déploiement de génotypes pour réduire les risques ou maximiser le rendement, en fonction des circonstances biophysiques et de l'objectif de production de l'agriculteur. La combinación de diferentes sistemas de cultivo y labranza con diferentes genotipos a lo largo de varias temporadas de cultivo puede revelar oportunidades para la intensificación sostenible (IS). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el rendimiento de seis genotipos de maíz en cultivos intercalados con labranza conservadora (sin labranza), dos opciones prometedoras para SI. El experimento se llevó a cabo durante tres años (o seis temporadas de cultivo) en la Estación de Investigación de Kiboko, Kenia, con el cultivo de lenguado y el arado de vertederos como sistemas de producción de referencia. Los resultados mostraron que los genotipos de maíz y los sistemas de cultivo tuvieron un efecto significativo en el rendimiento, pero el efecto de la labranza no fue significativo. Además, no hubo efectos interactivos significativos de los factores probados en el rendimiento del maíz. El genotipo de maíz CKH10085 tuvo el mayor rendimiento de 7,7 t ha-1 en el cultivo de lenguado, pero también registró la mayor penalización de rendimiento debido al cultivo intercalado de 1,1 t ha-1. Por otro lado, el genotipo CKH10717 mantuvo el mismo rendimiento medio de 7,1 t ha-1 tanto en sistemas de labranza convencional como conservadora. Los genotipos comerciales CKH10080 y CKH08051 fueron más estables que los otros genotipos experimentales en las condiciones variables de crecimiento y manejo. Estos dos genotipos son de madurez intermedia y tolerancia a la sequía, dos atributos críticos para mejorar la producción de maíz. Los cultivos intercalados redujeron los rendimientos de maíz debido a una mayor competencia, por ejemplo, el rendimiento general del cultivo de lenguado fue de 7,1 t ha-1 en comparación con 6,4 t ha-1 en cultivos intercalados; lo que representa una penalización de rendimiento general de 0,7 t ha-1. Las diferencias en el rendimiento de los genotipos de maíz revelaron oportunidades para desplegar genotipos para reducir el riesgo o maximizar el rendimiento, dependiendo de las circunstancias biofísicas y el objetivo de producción del agricultor. Combining different cropping and tillage systems with different genotypes across several cropping seasons can reveal opportunities for sustainable intensification (SI). The objective of this study was to assess the performance of six maize genotypes under intercropping with conservation tillage (no-till) - two promising options for SI. The experiment was carried out over three years (or six cropping seasons) at Kiboko Research Station, Kenya with sole cropping and mouldboard ploughing as baseline production systems. Results showed that maize genotypes and cropping systems had a significant effect on yield, but the effect of tillage was not significant. Moreover, there was no significant interactive effects of the tested factors on maize yield. The maize genotype CKH10085 had the highest yield of 7.7 t ha-1 under sole cropping yet it also recorded the largest yield penalty due to intercropping of 1.1 t ha-1. On the other hand, genotype CKH10717 maintained the same average yield of 7.1 t ha-1 in both conventional and conservation tillage systems. The commercial genotype genotype CKH10080 and CKH08051 were more stable than the other experimental genotypes under the variable growing and management conditions. These two genotypes are of intermediate maturity and drought tolerance, two critical attributes to improved maize production. Intercropping reduced maize yields due to increased competition, for example the overall yield of sole cropping was 7.1 t ha-1 compared with 6.4 t ha-1 under intercropping; representing an overall yield penalty of 0.7 t ha-1. The differences in performance of maize genotypes revealed opportunities to deploy genotypes to reduce risk or maximize yield, depending on the biophysical circumstances and the production objective of the farmer. يمكن أن يكشف الجمع بين أنظمة المحاصيل والحراثة المختلفة والأنماط الجينية المختلفة عبر العديد من مواسم المحاصيل عن فرص للتكثيف المستدام (SI). كان الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تقييم أداء ستة أنماط جينية للذرة تحت الزراعة البينية مع حراثة الحفظ (بدون حراثة) - وهما خياران واعدان لـ SI. تم إجراء التجربة على مدى ثلاث سنوات (أو ستة مواسم زراعة) في محطة أبحاث كيبوكو، كينيا باستخدام الزراعة الوحيدة وحرث ألواح القوالب كنظم إنتاج أساسية. أظهرت النتائج أن الأنماط الجينية للذرة وأنظمة المحاصيل كان لها تأثير كبير على المحصول، لكن تأثير الحراثة لم يكن كبيرًا. علاوة على ذلك، لم تكن هناك آثار تفاعلية كبيرة للعوامل التي تم اختبارها على محصول الذرة. كان للنمط الجيني للذرة CKH10085 أعلى إنتاجية تبلغ 7.7 طن هكتار -1 تحت المحصول الوحيد، ومع ذلك فقد سجل أيضًا أكبر عقوبة على المحصول بسبب المحصول البيني البالغ 1.1 طن هكتار -1. من ناحية أخرى، حافظ النمط الجيني CKH10717 على نفس متوسط العائد البالغ 7.1 طن هكتار -1 في كل من أنظمة الحراثة التقليدية وأنظمة الحفظ. كان النمط الجيني التجاري CKH10080 و CKH08051 أكثر استقرارًا من الأنماط الجينية التجريبية الأخرى في ظل ظروف النمو والإدارة المتغيرة. هذان النمطان الوراثيان لهما نضج متوسط وتحمل للجفاف، وهما سمتان حاسمتان لتحسين إنتاج الذرة. قللت الزراعة البينية من غلة الذرة بسبب زيادة المنافسة، على سبيل المثال، كان العائد الإجمالي للمحصول الوحيد 7.1 طن هكتار -1 مقارنة بـ 6.4 طن هكتار -1 تحت الزراعة البينية ؛ مما يمثل عقوبة إنتاجية إجمالية قدرها 0.7 طن هكتار -1. كشفت الاختلافات في أداء الأنماط الجينية للذرة عن فرص لنشر الأنماط الجينية لتقليل المخاطر أو زيادة الغلة، اعتمادًا على الظروف الفيزيائية الحيوية وهدف الإنتاج للمزارع.

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    Authors: James M. Njeru; Fred Kanampiu; Dan Makumbi; Leonard Rusinamhodzi; +1 Authors

    La combinaison de différents systèmes de culture et de travail du sol avec différents génotypes au cours de plusieurs saisons de culture peut révéler des opportunités d'intensification durable (IS). L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer la performance de six génotypes de maïs en culture intercalaire avec labour de conservation (sans labour) - deux options prometteuses pour le SI. L'expérience a été menée sur trois ans (ou six saisons de culture) à la station de recherche de Kiboko, au Kenya, avec la culture de la sole et le labour des plaques de moulage comme systèmes de production de base. Les résultats ont montré que les génotypes et les systèmes de culture du maïs avaient un effet significatif sur le rendement, mais que l'effet du travail du sol n'était pas significatif. De plus, il n'y avait pas d'effets interactifs significatifs des facteurs testés sur le rendement du maïs. Le génotype de maïs CKH10085 avait le rendement le plus élevé de 7,7 t ha-1 en culture en solitaire, mais il a également enregistré la plus grande pénalité de rendement en raison de la culture intercalaire de 1,1 t ha-1. D'autre part, le génotype CKH10717 a maintenu le même rendement moyen de 7,1 t ha-1 dans les systèmes de travail du sol conventionnels et de conservation. Les génotypes commerciaux CKH10080 et CKH08051 étaient plus stables que les autres génotypes expérimentaux dans les conditions variables de croissance et de gestion. Ces deux génotypes sont de maturité intermédiaire et de tolérance à la sécheresse, deux attributs essentiels à l'amélioration de la production de maïs. Les cultures intercalaires ont réduit les rendements de maïs en raison de la concurrence accrue, par exemple, le rendement global de la culture de la sole était de 7,1 t ha-1 par rapport à 6,4 t ha-1 en cultures intercalaires ; ce qui représente une pénalité de rendement global de 0,7 t ha-1. Les différences de performance des génotypes de maïs ont révélé des possibilités de déploiement de génotypes pour réduire les risques ou maximiser le rendement, en fonction des circonstances biophysiques et de l'objectif de production de l'agriculteur. La combinación de diferentes sistemas de cultivo y labranza con diferentes genotipos a lo largo de varias temporadas de cultivo puede revelar oportunidades para la intensificación sostenible (IS). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el rendimiento de seis genotipos de maíz en cultivos intercalados con labranza conservadora (sin labranza), dos opciones prometedoras para SI. El experimento se llevó a cabo durante tres años (o seis temporadas de cultivo) en la Estación de Investigación de Kiboko, Kenia, con el cultivo de lenguado y el arado de vertederos como sistemas de producción de referencia. Los resultados mostraron que los genotipos de maíz y los sistemas de cultivo tuvieron un efecto significativo en el rendimiento, pero el efecto de la labranza no fue significativo. Además, no hubo efectos interactivos significativos de los factores probados en el rendimiento del maíz. El genotipo de maíz CKH10085 tuvo el mayor rendimiento de 7,7 t ha-1 en el cultivo de lenguado, pero también registró la mayor penalización de rendimiento debido al cultivo intercalado de 1,1 t ha-1. Por otro lado, el genotipo CKH10717 mantuvo el mismo rendimiento medio de 7,1 t ha-1 tanto en sistemas de labranza convencional como conservadora. Los genotipos comerciales CKH10080 y CKH08051 fueron más estables que los otros genotipos experimentales en las condiciones variables de crecimiento y manejo. Estos dos genotipos son de madurez intermedia y tolerancia a la sequía, dos atributos críticos para mejorar la producción de maíz. Los cultivos intercalados redujeron los rendimientos de maíz debido a una mayor competencia, por ejemplo, el rendimiento general del cultivo de lenguado fue de 7,1 t ha-1 en comparación con 6,4 t ha-1 en cultivos intercalados; lo que representa una penalización de rendimiento general de 0,7 t ha-1. Las diferencias en el rendimiento de los genotipos de maíz revelaron oportunidades para desplegar genotipos para reducir el riesgo o maximizar el rendimiento, dependiendo de las circunstancias biofísicas y el objetivo de producción del agricultor. Combining different cropping and tillage systems with different genotypes across several cropping seasons can reveal opportunities for sustainable intensification (SI). The objective of this study was to assess the performance of six maize genotypes under intercropping with conservation tillage (no-till) - two promising options for SI. The experiment was carried out over three years (or six cropping seasons) at Kiboko Research Station, Kenya with sole cropping and mouldboard ploughing as baseline production systems. Results showed that maize genotypes and cropping systems had a significant effect on yield, but the effect of tillage was not significant. Moreover, there was no significant interactive effects of the tested factors on maize yield. The maize genotype CKH10085 had the highest yield of 7.7 t ha-1 under sole cropping yet it also recorded the largest yield penalty due to intercropping of 1.1 t ha-1. On the other hand, genotype CKH10717 maintained the same average yield of 7.1 t ha-1 in both conventional and conservation tillage systems. The commercial genotype genotype CKH10080 and CKH08051 were more stable than the other experimental genotypes under the variable growing and management conditions. These two genotypes are of intermediate maturity and drought tolerance, two critical attributes to improved maize production. Intercropping reduced maize yields due to increased competition, for example the overall yield of sole cropping was 7.1 t ha-1 compared with 6.4 t ha-1 under intercropping; representing an overall yield penalty of 0.7 t ha-1. The differences in performance of maize genotypes revealed opportunities to deploy genotypes to reduce risk or maximize yield, depending on the biophysical circumstances and the production objective of the farmer. يمكن أن يكشف الجمع بين أنظمة المحاصيل والحراثة المختلفة والأنماط الجينية المختلفة عبر العديد من مواسم المحاصيل عن فرص للتكثيف المستدام (SI). كان الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تقييم أداء ستة أنماط جينية للذرة تحت الزراعة البينية مع حراثة الحفظ (بدون حراثة) - وهما خياران واعدان لـ SI. تم إجراء التجربة على مدى ثلاث سنوات (أو ستة مواسم زراعة) في محطة أبحاث كيبوكو، كينيا باستخدام الزراعة الوحيدة وحرث ألواح القوالب كنظم إنتاج أساسية. أظهرت النتائج أن الأنماط الجينية للذرة وأنظمة المحاصيل كان لها تأثير كبير على المحصول، لكن تأثير الحراثة لم يكن كبيرًا. علاوة على ذلك، لم تكن هناك آثار تفاعلية كبيرة للعوامل التي تم اختبارها على محصول الذرة. كان للنمط الجيني للذرة CKH10085 أعلى إنتاجية تبلغ 7.7 طن هكتار -1 تحت المحصول الوحيد، ومع ذلك فقد سجل أيضًا أكبر عقوبة على المحصول بسبب المحصول البيني البالغ 1.1 طن هكتار -1. من ناحية أخرى، حافظ النمط الجيني CKH10717 على نفس متوسط العائد البالغ 7.1 طن هكتار -1 في كل من أنظمة الحراثة التقليدية وأنظمة الحفظ. كان النمط الجيني التجاري CKH10080 و CKH08051 أكثر استقرارًا من الأنماط الجينية التجريبية الأخرى في ظل ظروف النمو والإدارة المتغيرة. هذان النمطان الوراثيان لهما نضج متوسط وتحمل للجفاف، وهما سمتان حاسمتان لتحسين إنتاج الذرة. قللت الزراعة البينية من غلة الذرة بسبب زيادة المنافسة، على سبيل المثال، كان العائد الإجمالي للمحصول الوحيد 7.1 طن هكتار -1 مقارنة بـ 6.4 طن هكتار -1 تحت الزراعة البينية ؛ مما يمثل عقوبة إنتاجية إجمالية قدرها 0.7 طن هكتار -1. كشفت الاختلافات في أداء الأنماط الجينية للذرة عن فرص لنشر الأنماط الجينية لتقليل المخاطر أو زيادة الغلة، اعتمادًا على الظروف الفيزيائية الحيوية وهدف الإنتاج للمزارع.

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    Field Crops Research
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CGIAR CGSpace (Consu...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Field Crops Research
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2020
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: PubMed Central
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/6x...
      Other literature type . 2020
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/9d...
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