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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid Piotr Kanarek;
    Piotr Kanarek
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Piotr Kanarek in OpenAIRE
    Barbara Breza-Boruta; orcid Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska;
    Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska in OpenAIRE
    Robert Lamparski;

    Increasing climate change, through its impact on the economy, results in measures to reduce its negative effects. In agriculture, the expected positive effects may come from the implementation of practices with high carbon sequestration potential (e.g., straw incorporation). The idea of using straw as an energy feedstock requires an in-depth analysis of the impact of this practice on the organic carbon content of arable soils. Straw incorporation combined with the use of biopreparations can provide an attractive alternative to conventional fertilization and plant protection systems. This study aimed to assess the effect of straw, effective microorganisms preparation, and biostimulant on the physicochemical and biological soil parameters. The analyses included organic carbon, available P, K, and Mg, total and mineral nitrogen content, pH, bulk density, soil penetration resistance, and the number of soil-culturable heterotrophic bacteria, actinobacteria, and fungi determination. It was found that straw and EM addition resulted in the highest SOC content. Statistically lower values of bulk density and soil penetration resistance were also observed after straw incorporation. The results of our research revealed that, while the addition of straw beneficially affects soil quality, the impact of biopreparations application on soil parameters varies depending on the experimental combination used.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energies
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energies
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energies
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energies
      Article . 2022
      Data sources: DOAJ
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid A. Strużyk;
    A. Strużyk
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    A. Strużyk in OpenAIRE
    orcid J. Chlebowski;
    J. Chlebowski
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    J. Chlebowski in OpenAIRE
    orcid J. Klonowski;
    J. Klonowski
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    J. Klonowski in OpenAIRE
    orcid K. Kostyra;
    K. Kostyra
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    K. Kostyra in OpenAIRE
    +8 Authors

    Abstract The aim of the study was to explain the effect of pressure and compaction time, number of layers and compaction cycles of biomass from six energy plant species intended for silage on the density of mini silos as well as energy consumption and compaction indicators. A mathematical model was developed to predict the silage density against changed process factors. Chopped biomass was compacted in four layers using three cycles at 17–63 kPa pressure and 6–10 s per cycle. The greatest changes in compacted density were achieved in the first cycle of the first layer. At subsequent stages, the recompression curves were steeper, and more stable and higher densities were obtained. For giant knotweed the required silage dry matter density of 225 kg m−3 was achieved for plants at the physiological maturity stage, with a lower moisture content of 23.6%, than that obtained for plants harvested in June. The silage density was greater for deciduous plants (Virginia mallow and Jerusalem artichoke, but not giant knotweed) than that for grasses (miscanthus, Spartina pectinata, and big bluestem); this result was due to the lower moisture and to differences in the structure of the shoots. Silage density describes the model well in terms of pressure, number of layers, compaction time, particle size and dry matter.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biomass and Bioenergy
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biomass and Bioenergy
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Li, Xiaojun; orcid Wigneron, Jean-Pierre;
    Wigneron, Jean-Pierre
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Wigneron, Jean-Pierre in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Fan, Lei;
    Fan, Lei
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Fan, Lei in OpenAIRE
    orcid Frappart, Frédéric;
    Frappart, Frédéric
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Frappart, Frédéric in OpenAIRE
    +10 Authors

    Passive microwave remote sensing at L-band (1.4 GHz) provides an unprecedented opportunity to estimate global surface soil moisture (SM) and vegetation water content (via the vegetation optical depth, VOD), which are essential to monitor the Earth water and carbon cycles. Currently, only two space-borne L-band radiometer missions are operating: the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) missions in orbit since 2009 and 2015, respectively. This study presents a new mono-angle retrieval algorithm (called SMAP-INRAE-BORDEAUX, hereafter SMAP-IB) of SM and L-band VOD (L-VOD) from the dual-channel SMAP radiometric observations. The retrievals are based on the L-MEB (L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere) model which is the forward model of SMOS-IC and of the official SMOS retrieval algorithms. The SMAP-IB product aims at providing good performances for both SM and L-VOD while remaining independent of auxiliary data: neither modelled SM data nor optical vegetation indices are used as input in the algorithm. Inter-comparison with other SM and L-VOD products (i.e., MT-DCA, SMOS-IC, and the new versions of DCA and SCA-V extracted from SMAP passive Level 3 product) suggested that SMAP-IB performed well for both SM and L-VOD. In particular, SMAP-IB SM retrievals presented the higher scores (R = 0.74) in capturing the temporal trends of in-situ observations from ISMN (International Soil Moisture Network) during April 2015–March 2019, followed by MT-DCA (R = 0.71). While the lowest ubRMSD value was obtained by the new version of SMAP DCA (0.056 m3/m3), SMAP-IB SM retrievals presented best scores for R, ubRMSD (~ 0.058 m3/m3) and bias (0.002 m3/m3) when considering only products independent of optical vegetation indices (e.g., NDVI). L-VOD retrievals from SMAP-IB, MT-DCA, and SMOS-IC were well correlated (spatially) with aboveground biomass and tree height, with spatial R values of ~0.88 and ~ 0.90, respectively. All three L-VOD products exhibited a smooth non-linear density distribution with biomass and a good linear relationship with tree height, especially at high biomass levels, while the L-VOD datasets incorporating optical information in the algorithms (i.e., SCA-V and DCA) showed obvious saturation effects. It is expected that this new algorithm can facilitate the fusion of both SM and L-VOD retrievals from SMOS and SMAP to obtain long-term and continuous L-band earth observation products.ion

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Remote Sensing of En...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Remote Sensing of Environment
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Remote Sensing of Environment
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    HAL-CEA
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Remote Sensing of En...arrow_drop_down
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      Remote Sensing of Environment
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    L'innovation scientifique et ses avantages dérivés ont eu de profondes implications pour l'humanité au cours du siècle dernier. La discipline passionnante de la biotechnologie a attiré les intérêts des biologistes traditionnels, des biochimistes, des microbiologistes, des scientifiques médicaux et agricoles dans l'application de modèles mathématiques et d'ingénierie à la compréhension de la biologie. En outre, plusieurs scientifiques des sciences exactes des mathématiques, de la physique et de la chimie ont commencé à utiliser des approches systémiques pour percer le mystère et la complexité de la biologie. Et du côté du diagnostic, de la biopharmaceutique, les industries biochimiques et agricoles tirent rapidement parti et appliquent les résultats de la recherche en biotechnologie. De plus, de nouvelles industries s'appuyant sur la génomique surgissent quotidiennement pour remettre en question la façon dont les choses ont été faites. Les résultats finaux peuvent être dans plusieurs années, mais la biotechnologie connaîtra une révolution comme aucune autre dans les sciences de la vie et affectera toutes les facettes de nos vies, de l'amélioration des cultures au commerce, en passant par les médicaments et le développement durable. Beaucoup des problèmes les plus importants et les plus difficiles de la science moderne nécessitent une approche multidisciplinaire et intégrative. Travailler dans des domaines qui se situent entre les disciplines standard exige que les barrières soient en panne.Les biotechnologies modernes ont mis en place des mécanismes permettant le développement de la recherche intégrative.Même les grandes entreprises, les filiales et les coentreprises, les universités, les organismes de recherche, les petites entreprises et les startups commencent à interagir de manière non traditionnelle.Les récents progrès révolutionnaires dans le séquençage génomique ont ouvert la voie à une compréhension approfondie de l'organisation des génomes et de la manière dont les variations de l'ADN des individus influencent leurs phénotypes.L' objectif fondamental de la biologie cellulaire est de comprendre la physiologie en termes d'informations codées dans le génome de la cellule.La biologie moléculaire, d'autre part, fournit une description détaillée des composants des réseaux biologiques, et les principes organisationnels de ces réseaux deviennent de plus en plus apparents.Par conséquent, le principal défi auquel sont confrontés les biologistes humains au XXIe siècle est d'identifier comment les variations du génome humain contribuent à l'apparition et à la progression de troubles communs qui ont des déterminants à la fois génétiques et environnementaux.Dans ce premier numéro spécial de l'African Journal of Biotechnology, il y a des revues et des perspectives par des spécialistes avec des informations opportunes sur les questions de biotechnologie dans divers domaines y compris l'écologie industrielle, les techniques de culture in vitro, la technologie transgénique, la conservation génétique, le diagnostic moléculaire et les produits biopharmaceutiques. Le défi pour l'Afrique est double. Il est urgent d'être compétent dans l'application de ces recherches innovantes dans les industries et d'enseigner les compétences nécessaires à la prochaine génération de scientifiques. Cela nécessitera un programme pour attirer des chercheurs africains qualifiés du monde occidental vers les universités et le secteur privé afin de faciliter l'éducation et l'industrialisation de la biotechnologie. La innovación científica y sus beneficios derivados han tenido profundas implicaciones para la humanidad en el último siglo. La emocionante disciplina de la biotecnología ha atraído los intereses de biólogos, bioquímicos, microbiólogos, científicos médicos y agrícolas tradicionales en la aplicación de modelos matemáticos y de ingeniería para comprender la biología. Además, varios científicos en las ciencias exactas de las matemáticas, la física y la química han comenzado a utilizar enfoques sistémicos para desentrañar el misterio y la complejidad de la biología. Y desde el lado, diagnóstico, biofarmacéutico, industrias bioquímicas y agrícolas están rápidamente aprovechando y aplicando los resultados de la investigación de la biotecnología. Además, nuevas industrias que dependen de la genómica están surgiendo diariamente para desafiar la forma en que se han hecho las cosas. Los resultados finales pueden tardar varios años, pero la biotecnología experimentará una revolución como ninguna antes en las ciencias de la vida y afectará todas las facetas de nuestras vidas, desde la mejora de los cultivos hasta el comercio y las drogas hasta el desarrollo sostenible. Muchos de los problemas más importantes y desafiantes de la ciencia moderna requieren un enfoque multidisciplinario e integrador. Trabajar en áreas que se encuentran entre las disciplinas estándar requiere que las barreras sean desglosado. Las biotecnologías modernas han establecido mecanismos para permitir el desarrollo de la investigación integradora. Incluso las grandes empresas, subsidiarias y empresas conjuntas, universidades, organizaciones de investigación, pequeñas empresas y nuevas empresas están comenzando a interactuar de maneras no tradicionales. Los recientes avances revolucionarios en la secuenciación genómica han abierto el camino para una comprensión más profunda de la organización de los genomas y la forma en que las variaciones en el ADN de los individuos influyen en sus fenotipos. El objetivo fundamental de la biología celular es comprender fisiología en términos de la información codificada en el genoma de la célula. La biología molecular, por otro lado, proporciona una descripción detallada de los componentes de las redes biológicas, y los principios organizativos de estas redes son cada vez más evidentes. Por lo tanto, el principal desafío que enfrentan los biólogos humanos en el siglo XXI es identificar cómo las variaciones en el genoma humano contribuyen a la aparición y progresión de trastornos comunes que tienen determinantes genéticos y ambientales. En este primer número especial de la Revista Africana de Biotecnología, hay revisiones y perspectivas de especialistas con información oportuna sobre temas de biotecnología en diversos campos incluida la ecología industrial, las técnicas de cultivo in vitro, la tecnología transgénica, la conservación genética, el diagnóstico molecular y los productos biofarmacéuticos. El desafío para África es doble. Existe la necesidad urgente de ser competente en la aplicación de estas investigaciones innovadoras en las industrias y de enseñar las habilidades necesarias a la próxima generación de científicos. Esto requerirá un esquema para atraer de nuevo a investigadores africanos calificados del mundo occidental a las universidades y al sector privado con el fin de facilitar la educación y la industrialización de la biotecnología. Scientific innovation and its derivative benefits have had profound implications to humanity within the last century.The exciting discipline of biotechnology has drawn the interests of traditional biologists, biochemists, microbiologists, medical and agricultural scientists into applying mathematical and engineering models to understanding biology.Furthermore, several scientists in the exact sciences of mathematics, physics, and chemistry have begun to use system approaches to unravel the mystery and complexity of biology.And from the side, diagnostic, biopharmaceutical, biochemical and agricultural industries are rapidly drawing from and applying the research results of biotechnology.Moreover new industries relying on genomics are springing up daily to challenge the way things have been done.The final results may be several years away, but biotechnology will experience a revolution like none before in the life sciences and will affect every facet of our lives, from crop improvement to commerce, and drugs to sustainable development.Many of the most important and challenging problems of modern science require a multidisciplinary and an integrative approach.Working in areas that fall between the standard disciplines requires that barriers be broken down.Modern biotechnologies have established mechanisms to enable integrative research to develop.Even large companies, subsidiaries and joint ventures, universities, research organizations, small companies and startups are starting to interact in non-traditional ways.Recent revolutionary advances in genomic sequencing has opened the way for a deepened understanding of the organization of genomes and the way in which variations in the DNA of individuals influence their phenotypes.The fundamental goal of cell biology is to understand physiology in terms of the information encoded in the cell's genome.Molecular biology on the other hand provides a detailed description of the components of biological networks, and the organizational principles of these networks are becoming increasingly apparent.Therefore, the major challenge facing human biologists in the 21st century is in identifying how variations in the human genome contribute to the onset and progression of common disorders which have both genetic and environmental determinants.In this first special issue of the African Journal of Biotechnology, there are reviews and perspectives by specialists with timely information on biotechnology issues in diverse fields including industrial ecology, in vitro culture techniques, transgenic technology, genetic conservation, molecular diagnostics and biopharmaceuticals.The challenge for Africa is two-fold.There is the urgent need to be competent in the application of these innovative researches in industries and to teach the necessary skills to the next generation of scientists.This will require a scheme to lure back skilled African researchers from the western world to the universities and private sector in order to facilitate biotechnology education and industrialization. كان للابتكار العلمي وفوائده المشتقة آثار عميقة على البشرية خلال القرن الماضي. اجتذب التخصص المثير للتكنولوجيا الحيوية اهتمامات علماء الأحياء التقليديين والكيمياء الحيوية وعلماء الأحياء الدقيقة والعلماء الطبيين والزراعيين في تطبيق النماذج الرياضية والهندسية لفهم علم الأحياء. علاوة على ذلك، بدأ العديد من العلماء في العلوم الدقيقة للرياضيات والفيزياء والكيمياء في استخدام مناهج النظام لكشف لغز وتعقيد علم الأحياء. ومن الجانب، التشخيصي، الصيدلاني الحيوي، تعتمد الصناعات الكيميائية الحيوية والزراعية بسرعة على نتائج أبحاث التكنولوجيا الحيوية وتطبقها. علاوة على ذلك، تظهر صناعات جديدة تعتمد على علم الجينوم يوميًا لتحدي الطريقة التي تم بها إنجاز الأمور. قد تكون النتائج النهائية على بعد عدة سنوات، لكن التكنولوجيا الحيوية ستشهد ثورة لم يسبق لها مثيل في علوم الحياة وستؤثر على كل جانب من جوانب حياتنا، من تحسين المحاصيل إلى التجارة، والمخدرات إلى التنمية المستدامة. تتطلب العديد من المشكلات الأكثر أهمية وتحديًا في العلوم الحديثة نهجًا متعدد التخصصات وتكامليًا. يتطلب العمل في المجالات التي تقع بين التخصصات القياسية أن تكون الحواجز معطلة. أنشأت التقنيات الحيوية الحديثة آليات لتمكين البحث التكاملي من التطور. حتى الشركات الكبيرة والشركات التابعة والمشاريع المشتركة والجامعات والمنظمات البحثية والشركات الصغيرة والشركات الناشئة بدأت في التفاعل بطرق غير تقليدية. لقد فتحت التطورات الثورية الحديثة في التسلسل الجيني الطريق لفهم أعمق لتنظيم الجينوم والطريقة التي تؤثر بها الاختلافات في الحمض النووي للأفراد على أنماطهم الظاهرية. الهدف الأساسي لبيولوجيا الخلية هو فهم علم وظائف الأعضاء من حيث المعلومات المشفرة في جينوم الخلية. من ناحية أخرى، يقدم علم الأحياء الجزيئي وصفًا تفصيليًا لمكونات الشبكات البيولوجية، والمبادئ التنظيمية لهذه الشبكات أصبحت واضحة بشكل متزايد. لذلك، فإن التحدي الرئيسي الذي يواجه علماء الأحياء البشرية في القرن الحادي والعشرين هو تحديد كيفية مساهمة الاختلافات في الجينوم البشري في ظهور وتطور الاضطرابات الشائعة التي لها محددات وراثية وبيئية على حد سواء. في هذا العدد الخاص الأول من المجلة الأفريقية للتكنولوجيا الحيوية، هناك مراجعات ووجهات نظر من قبل متخصصين لديهم معلومات في الوقت المناسب حول قضايا التكنولوجيا الحيوية في مجالات متنوعة بما في ذلك البيئة الصناعية، وتقنيات الاستزراع في المختبر، والتكنولوجيا المعدلة وراثيًا، والحفظ الجيني، والتشخيص الجزيئي، والمستحضرات الصيدلانية الحيوية. التحدي الذي تواجهه إفريقيا ذو شقين. هناك حاجة ملحة إلى الكفاءة في تطبيق هذه الأبحاث المبتكرة في الصناعات وتعليم المهارات اللازمة للجيل القادم من العلماء. سيتطلب هذا مخططًا لجذب الباحثين الأفارقة المهرة من العالم الغربي إلى الجامعات والقطاع الخاص من أجل تسهيل تعليم التكنولوجيا الحيوية والتصنيع.

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    African Journal of Biotechnology
    Article . 2003 . Peer-reviewed
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    African Journal of Biotechnology
    Article . 2007 . Peer-reviewed
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    African Journal of Biotechnology
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/ex...
    Other literature type . 2003
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/v1...
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      African Journal of Biotechnology
      Article . 2003 . Peer-reviewed
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      African Journal of Biotechnology
      Article . 2007 . Peer-reviewed
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      African Journal of Biotechnology
      Article
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/ex...
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/v1...
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    Authors: orcid Voisin, Anne-Sophie;
    Voisin, Anne-Sophie
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    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Voisin, Anne-Sophie in OpenAIRE
    Guéguen, Jacques; orcid bw Huyghe, Christian;
    Huyghe, Christian
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    Huyghe, Christian in OpenAIRE
    Jeuffroy, Marie-Helene; +5 Authors

    Legume growing has many benefits. Indeed legumes provide plant proteins for animal feed and human food. Legumes fix atmospheric N2 and, in turn, provide cheap and green N fertilisers. Additionally, legumes are used as diversification crops in rotations based on oilseed rape and cereals. Despite those benefits, legume crops in Europe represent less than 4 % of arable lands, and European legume seeds are underused for animal and human nutrition. Nonetheless, European authorities are now fostering the development of legume crops for sustainable agriculture. Here, we analyse forage and grain legume-producing systems since 1950 in order to identify the actual constraints of legume development. We show that legumes can contribute to the agroecological transition for sustainable agriculture, food and energy and for sustainable agri-food systems. Then, we point out that high added-value niche markets are required for supporting legume production. The major research needs identified are (1) analysing the constraints of the current systems and identifying ways of moving towards systems that include more legumes, (2) identifying new and diversified uses for legumes in a sustainable food chain, (3) assessing and improving the ecosystem services provided by legumes at cropping system and territory scales and (4) promoting agroecology through and for legume crop management.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Agronomy for Sustain...arrow_drop_down
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    Agronomy for Sustainable Development
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    ProdInra
    Article . 2014
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    HAL INRAE
    Article . 2013
    Data sources: HAL INRAE
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    Agronomy for Sustainable Development
    Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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      Agronomy for Sustainable Development
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      ProdInra
      Article . 2014
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      HAL INRAE
      Article . 2013
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      Agronomy for Sustainable Development
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    Authors: V. Moreno-Arribas; Aline Lonvaud-Funel;

    Tyramine, a frequent amine in wines, is produced from tyrosine by the tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC) activity of bacteria. The tyramine-producing strain Lactobacillus brevis IOEB 9809 isolated from wine and the reference strain L. brevis ATCC 367 were studied. At the optimum pH, 5.0, K(m) values of IOEB 9809 and ATCC 367 crude extracts for L-tyrosine were 0.58 mM and 0.67 mM, and V(max) was higher for the wine strain (115 U) than the ATCC 367 (66 U). TDC exhibited a preference for L-tyrosine over L-DOPA as substrate. Enzyme activity was pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent and it was stabilized by the substrate and coenzyme. In contrast, glycerol and beta-mercaptoethanol strongly inhibited TDC. Tyramine competitively inhibited TDC for both strains. Citric acid, lactic acid and ethanol had an inhibitory effect on cells and crude extracts, but none could inhibit TDC at the usual concentrations in wines.

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    FEMS Microbiology Letters
    Article . 1999 . Peer-reviewed
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      FEMS Microbiology Letters
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    Authors: orcid van Oort, P.A.J.;
    van Oort, P.A.J.
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    de Vries, M. in OpenAIRE
    Yoshida, H.; Saito, K.;

    We integrated recent research on cardinal temperatures for phenology and early leaf growth, spikelet formation, early morning flowering, transpirational cooling, and heat- and cold-induced sterility into an existing to crop growth model ORYZA2000. We compared for an arid environment observed potential yields with yields simulated with default ORYZA2000, with modified subversions of ORYZA2000 and with ORYZA_S, a model developed for the region of interest in the 1990s. Rice variety 'IR64' was sown monthly 15-times in a row in two locations in Senegal. The Senegal River Valley is located in the Sahel, near the Sahara desert with extreme temperatures during day and night. The existing subroutines underestimated cold stress and overestimated heat stress. Forcing the model to use observed spikelet number and phenology and replacing the existing heat and cold subroutines improved accuracy of yield simulation from EF = -0.32 to EF =0.70 (EF is modelling efficiency). The main causes of improved accuracy were that the new model subversions take into account transpirational cooling (which is high in arid environments) and early morning flowering for heat sterility, and minimum rather than average temperature for cold sterility. Simulations were less accurate when also spikelet number and phenology were simulated. Model efficiency was 0.14 with new heat and cold routines and improved to 0.48 when using new cardinal temperatures for phenology and early leaf growth. The new adapted subversion of ORYZA2000 offers a powerful analytic tool for climate change impact assessment and cropping calendar optimisation in arid regions.

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    Research@WUR
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    PLoS ONE
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    Authors: Brieuc Hardy; Brieuc Hardy; Steven Sleutel; Joseph E. Dufey; +1 Authors

    Soil amendment with biochar can modify soil microbial abundance, activity and community structure. Nevertheless, the long-term evolution of these effects is unknown and of critical importance because biochar persists in soil for centuries. We selected nine charcoal kiln sites (CKS) from forests (four sites) and croplands (five sites) and determined the microbial properties of their topsoil, largely enriched with charcoal for >150 years. Adjacent soils were used as references unaffected by charcoal production. Soils were incubated in controlled conditions and emissions of CO2 were measured for 138 days. At day 68, an aliquot was sampled from each soil to determine microbial abundance and community structure by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Before the extraction, one standard PLFA (C21:0 PC) was added to the soil to test the influence of charcoal on PLFAs recovery. The content of uncharred SOC and pH explained a main part of the variance of soil CO2 emissions, which supports the view that charcoal had a limited effect on soil respiration. The recovery of C21:0 PC was increased in presence of aged charcoal, which contrasts with the decreased recovery recorded shortly after biochar application. This underlines that properties of charcoal evolve dramatically over time, and that a long-term vision is critical in the perspective of amending soils with biochar. Land-use had an overriding control on the microbial community structure, surpassing the effect of a vast amount of charcoal present in the soil. In forests, 10 PLFAs from gram positive and general bacteria were significantly different between CKS and adjacent reference soils, whereas in croplands only four PLFAs from fungi, gram negative bacteria and actinomycetes were significantly affected. These results suggest that the long-term effect of charcoal on soil microbiota is overwritten by management practices. Biochar properties must therefore be regarded altogether with soil conditions to correctly design a successful soil amendment with biochar. Additionally, the absence of a relationship between individual PLFAs and charcoal-C supports the idea that the long-term effect of charcoal is related to a modification of soil ecological niche (e.g., nutrient availability, pH) rather than to an alteration of the source of organic C available to biota.

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    Frontiers in Environmental Science
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    Authors: S.H. Evers; S.H. Evers; orcid K.M. Pierce;
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    Brendan Horan in OpenAIRE
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    Abstract The efficient production of milk is an important determinant of both, farm productivity and the environmental impact of intensive dairy systems. The objective of the present study was to use a large dataset of commercial dairy cows to determine the relationship among animal breed, Irish total merit index (Economic Breeding Index; EBI), parity, and production efficiency parameters, which included milk solids (MS) production per kg of mid-lactation bodyweight (MSperBW) and the estimated net energy requirement per kg of MS produced (ENperMS). Data from 80 different spring-calving commercial dairy herds located in southern Ireland comprising 20,051 cows across 34,002 lactations from Holstein-Friesian (HF) and Jersey × Holstein-Friesian crossbred (JFX) cows were accessible for the study across 4 years. The data available included individual cow EBI, 305-day MS production, which is kg fat yield plus kg protein yield, calving and dry-off dates, and a mid-lactation bodyweight (BW) at 143 ± 26 days in milk. To evaluate the productive efficiency in this study, firstly, individual cow MSperBW was calculated by dividing 305-day MS production by mid-lactation BW, with higher values being desirable (Prendiville et al., 2009; O'Sullivan et al., 2019a). Secondly, ENperMS was established by dividing the total net energy requirement (in Unite Fourragere Lait; UFL) for an animal for maintenance (from BW), milk production, and growth (for animals up to lactation 3) by the 305-day MS production ( INRA, 2010 ; Faverdin et al., 2011 ), where lower values indicate increased efficiency due to lower energy requirement per unit output. Statistical analyses were undertaken using mixed models. Overall, average MSperBW was 0.94 ±0.16 kg MS/ kg BW with large variation between animals within herds (0.42 to 1.47 kg MS/ kg BW) and between herds (0.73 to 1.14 kg MS/ kg BW). Similarly, ENperMS on farm averaged 9.8 total UFL/ kg MS ranging from 9.0 to 10.9 total UFL/ kg MS between farms. The MSperBW was significantly greater for JFX (1.01 kg MS/ kg BW) compared to HF animals (0.92 kg MS/ kg BW), resulting in a reduction in total energy requirements per kg of MS produced (ENperMS) (9.5 vs. 9.8 total UFL/ kg MS for JFX and HF, respectively). Animals with increased MSperBW produced 140 kg/cow more MS per 305-day lactation and were 58 kg lighter than lower MSperBW contemporaries. These results corroborate the benefits of both, selection on EBI and crossbreeding to increase aforementioned production efficiency parameters within intensive grazing systems. The results also provide a further compelling basis for dairy farmers to routinely weigh and milk record their herds to identify more efficient animals on which to increase animal performance and profitability in future generations.

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    Livestock Science
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      HAL INRAE
      Article . 2021
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: HAL INRAE
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    Authors: orcid Bloor, Juliette;
    Bloor, Juliette
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Bloor, Juliette in OpenAIRE
    Bardgett, R.D.;

    Extreme drought events have the potential to cause dramatic changes in ecosystem structure and function, but the controls upon ecosystem stability to drought remain poorly understood. Here we used model systems of two commonly occurring, temperate grassland communities to investigate the shortterm interactive effects of a simulated 100-year summer drought event, soil nitrogen (N) availability and plant species diversity (low/high) on key ecosystem processes related to carbon (C) and N cycling. Whole ecosystem CO2 fluxes and leaching losses were recorded during drought and post-rewetting. Litter decomposition and C/N stocks in vegetation, soil and soil microbes were assessed 4 weeks after the end of drought. Experimental drought caused strong reductions in ecosystem respiration and net ecosystem CO2 exchange, but ecosystem fluxes recovered rapidly following rewetting irrespective of N and species diversity. As expected, root C stocks and litter decomposition were adversely affected by drought across all N and plant diversity treatments. In contrast, drought increased soil water retention, organic nutrient leaching losses and soil fertility. Drought responses of above-ground vegetation C stocks varied depending on plant diversity, with greater stability of above-ground vegetation C to drought in the high versus low diversity treatment. This positive effect of high plant diversity on above-ground vegetation C stability coincided with a decrease in the stability of microbial biomass C. Unlike species diversity, soil N availability had limited effects on the stability of ecosystem processes to extreme drought. Overall, our findings indicate that extreme drought events promote post-drought soil nutrient retention and soil fertility, with cascading effects on ecosystem C fixation rates. Data on above-ground ecosystem processes underline the importance of species diversity for grassland function in a changing environment. Furthermore, our results suggest that plant–soil interactions play a key role for the short-term stability of above-ground vegetation C storage to extreme drought events.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Institut National de...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Hal
    Article . 2012
    Data sources: Hal
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    ProdInra
    Article . 2012
    License: CC BY SA
    Data sources: ProdInra
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    Article . 2012
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    Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Institut National de...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hal
      Article . 2012
      Data sources: Hal
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ProdInra
      Article . 2012
      License: CC BY SA
      Data sources: ProdInra
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL INRAE
      Article . 2012
      Data sources: HAL INRAE
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics
      Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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