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  • Authors: Moscovich, Fabio; Keller, Hector; Fernández, Roberto; Borhen, Alicia;

    Buscando determinar indicadores sobre el impacto ambiental, basados en características vegetales, que generarían los monocultivos forestales lindantes con bosques nativos, se instalaron 32 unidades de muestreo en un área de propiedad de la empresa LIPSIA, Departamento Esperanza (Misiones), que reunía estas características. Las parcelas, de 100 m2, se distribuyeron sistemáticamente a cada 25 m. La vegetación se dividió en tres estratos: superior (CAP ≥ 30 cm), medio (5 cm ≤ CAP > 30 cm) e inferior (CAP 10 cm) and inferior (DBH < cm). There were installed 10 plots in a logged native forest, 10 plots in a 18 years old Pinus Engelm. with approximately 400 trees/ha., 6 plots in a 10 – 25 years old Araucaria angustifolia (Bertd.) Kuntze limiting area with approximately 900 trees/ha., and 6 plots located in this plantation. In the studied area were identified 150 vegetation species. In the inferior stratum there were found differences as function of various floristic diversity indexes. In all the cases the native forest showed larger diversity than plantations, followed by Pinus elliottii, Araucaria plantation and Araucaria limiting area. All the studied forest fitted to a logarithmical series of species distributions, that would indicate the incidence of a environmental factor in this distribution.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jabbour, Charbel Jose Chiappetta; Santos, Fernando Cesar Almada;

    O objetivo deste artigo é lançar luzes sobre as implicações da mudança climática para as organizações. Para fazer frente a esse debate, são explorados: o conceito de "inteligência ambiental" (IA); as estratégias por meio das quais as organizações fazem frente ao desafio da mudança climática; as oportunidades que explicam a adoção dessas estratégias; e o papel fornecido pela função produção para que tais estratégias possuam o efeito desejado. Por fim, tais conceitos são sistematizados, buscando-se uma integração dos modelos teóricos existentes, até então considerados de maneira estanque.The aim of this paper is to enlighten the implications of climate change for organizations. To deal with this subject, the follow issues are analyzed: concept of environmental intelligence; opportunities which justify the adoption of these strategies, and the main role performed by the production function to implement such strategies. Finally, concepts of prior theoretical models are taken into account.

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    Article . 2009
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      Article . 2009
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  • Authors: Barichello, Leonir Rodrigues; Schumacher, Mauro Valdir; Vogel, Hamilton Luiz Munari;

    O presente estudo, em povoamento de Acácia-negra, aos 8 anos de idade, na Serra do Sudeste, no município de Minas do Leão, RS, teve o objetivo de quantificar a biomassa total do povoamento e a sua distribuição em cada componente da biomassa das árvores. Após a avaliação das características dendrométricas e quantidade da biomassa nos componentes: folhas; galhos vivos, galhos mortos; casca do tronco, madeira do tronco e raízes, foram selecionadas e abatidas 21 árvores do povoamento. Foram determinados os coeficientes da equação ln y = b0 + b1 * ln d para estimativa dos diferentes componentes da biomassa. Aos 8 anos de idade a Acácia-negra chega a concentrar mais de 60% de sua biomassa na madeira. A biomassa abaixo do solo nessas condições pode chegar à aproximadamente 12% da biomassa total. ; The present study was carried out in stand of Black wattle 8 years old, in the southeastern mountain range, in Minas do Leão - RS County. The objective of this work was to quantify the total biomass of the stand and its distribution in each component of the tree biomass. After evaluation of dendrometric characteristics, 21 trees were selected and cut for estimation of biomass in the components: leaves, live and dead branches, bark wood, stem wood and roots. To estimate the different components of the biomass, the coefficients of the equation ln y = b0 + b1 * ln d were determinated. At eight years old, a Black wattle can concentrate more than 60% of its biomass in the wood. The biomass below ground under these conditions can reach approximately 12% of total biomass.

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  • Authors: Hoppe, Juarez Martins; Witschoreck, Rudi; Schumacher, Mauro Valdir;

    Este trabalho teve por objetivo estimar a biomassa em um povoamento de Platanus x acerifolia, com 5,5 anos de idade, localizado no município de Dom Feliciano, Rio Grande do Sul. O inventário na área experimental consistiu no levantamento de cinco parcelas de 20m x 30m. As árvores foram agrupadas em oito classes de diâmetro, sendo abatidas três árvores por classe. Após o abate, foi realizada uma cubagem rigorosa, e a biomassa de cada componente das árvores (folha, fruto, galho, casca, madeira e raiz) foi determinada e amostrada. As estimativas da biomassa de cada um dos componentes foram realizadas por meio do ajuste de equaç;ões de regressão que correlacionaram características dendrométricas com os valores de biomassa dos respectivos componentes das árvores amostradas. A biomassa total foi de 45,28 Mg ha-1, distribuída em ordem decrescente em: madeira 21,07 Mg ha-1; galho 11,72 Mg ha-1; raiz 8,43 Mg ha-1; casca 2,01 Mg ha-1; folha 1,89 Mg ha-1 e fruto 0,16 Mg ha-1. A serapilheira acumulada foi de 12,80 Mg ha-1. ; This study aimed at estimating the biomass in a 5.5-year-Platanus x acerifolia stand, in Dom Feliciano county, Rio Grande do Sul. The inventory in the experimental area was done in five plots (20 m x 30 m each one). Trees were grouped in eight diameter classes, and 3 trees per class were cut. After cutting the trees, a cubing was done and the biomass of each component (leaf, fruit, branch, bark, wood and root) was determined and sampled. The biomasses estimative from each component were done through regression equations adjustment that correlated dendrometric characteristics with biomass volumes from the respective components of the trees. The total biomass was 45,28 Mg h-1, distributed in: wood 21,07 Mg ha-1; branch 11,72 Mg ha-1; root 8,43 Mg ha-1; bark 2,01 Mg ha-1; leaf 1,89 Mg ha-1 and fruit 0,16 Mg ha-1. The accumulated litter was 12,80 Mg ha-1.

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  • Authors: Nildo de S. Vianna, João; Duarte, Laura M.G.; de F. Wehrmann, Magda E. S.;

    Includes abstract in Portuguese ; The present study evaluates the contribution of the large-scale production and use of biodiesel to the promotion of sustainable development. The study identifies potential risks for the goals of social inclusion, global environmental development, conservation of biodiversity and contribution to energy independence. The study presents an analysis of the present stage of production and use of biodiesel, based on secondary data. It employs the dimensions of sustainable development as a theoretical reference. Risks of biodiesel use and options were analyzed. The adaptation of oilseed crops to climate changes was also considered. The study makes a series of recommendations for public policy designers.

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  • Texto en portugúes ; Versión en inglés disponible en la Biblioteca Digital del IDRC: Alliance of parliamentarians and local elected representatives at the service of climate management in the PRCM and ECOWAS areas : proceedings; sub regional workshop, 3 to 6 August 2009, Praia, Cap Vert ; Versión en francés disponible en la Biblioteca Digital del IDRC: Parlementaires et élus locaux au service de la gouvernance climatique dans l'espace PRCM et CEDEAO : actes; atelier sous régional, 3 au 6 août 2009, Praia, Cap Vert

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Vale, Ailton Teixera do; Sablowski, Alexander Rudolph Marin;

    RESUMO Neste trabalho, é feita a análise da eficiência de produção de uma serraria de pequeno porte, localizada no estado de São Paulo, utilizando como ferramentas a “análise de fluxo de massa” e “análise de fluxo de energia”. O objetivo foi avaliar a linha de produção e comparar as ferramentas utilizadas em função dos resultados obtidos e aplicabilidade. Concluiu-se que o “lay out” de disposição dos maquinários deve ser alterado e deve-se utilizar um melhor planejamento do gabarito de corte para que o sistema se torne viável em função da baixa eficiência com grande porcentagem de perda e uso inadequado dos equipamentos e matéria-prima. As ferramentas forneceram resultados similares e por causa da aplicabilidade, propõe-se a utilização da “análise de fluxo de massa” para avaliação de comportamento produtivo de serrarias. ; ABSTRACT This is the analysis of the efficiency of production of one small sawmill, located in São Paulo, using as an instrument of study the “Mass and Energy Flow”, available in the production line. It was concluded that the disposal of the machines should be modified, and that the inclusion of a process of planning of cut design is necessary so that the system becomes viable, since the current configuration presents low income with great percentage of loss and inadequate use of equipment and raw material. Concerning the tools, similar results were found and because of its ease of utilization the “mass and flow” is recommended to the sawmill pattern evaluation.

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    Authors: Cabral, Alexandre;

    Resumo: O aproveitamento energético do biogás de aterros sanitários é uma alternativa sustentável para a disposição final de gases residuais. A estimativa teórica da produção desse biogás torna-se uma ferramenta muito útil para a avaliação de viabilidade e dimensionamento de sistemas de coleta de gás. Os modelos de geração de biogás de aterro mais utilizados atualmente são os baseados em equações de decaimento de primeira ordem. Os modelos LandGEM e IPCC foram utilizados neste trabalho para a estimativa da geração de gases no aterro municipal de Guarapuava (PR, Brasil), onde os principais parâmetros foram escolhidos com base nos dados frequentemente aplicados para cada modelo: valores default sugeridos para as condições locais específicas, para a aplicação do software LandGEM; e cálculo do potencial de geração de metano (L0) a partir da análise gravimétrica dos resíduos, para a aplicação da equação sugerida pelo IPCC. Estimou-se uma produção total de biogás de 44.466.711 Nm3.ano-1 aplicando LandGEM e 60.080.906 Nm3.ano-1 aplicando IPCC, onde os picos de produção foram observados nos anos de 2021 e 2020, respectivamente. A escolha do modelo mais adequado dependerá dos dados disponíveis e, para maior aproximação de resultados reais, os parâmetros adotados devem ser analisados com cautela, considerando as diferentes condições climáticas e operacionais de cada caso. ; Abstract: The energetic use of landfill biogas is a sustainable alternative for the final disposal of waste gases. The theoretical estimation of the production of this biogas becomes a very useful tool for evaluating the feasibility and design of gas collection systems sizing. The most widely used landfill biogas generation models are those based on first-order-decay equations. LandGEM and IPCC models were used in this work to estimate the generation of gases in the municipal landfill of Guarapuava (PR), and the main parameters were chosen based on the frequently applied data for each model: default values suggested for the specific local conditions,for the application of LandGEM software; and calculating the methane generation potential (L0) from the gravimetric analysis of the residues, for the application of the equation suggested by the IPCC. A total biogas production of 44,466,711 Nm³.ano-1 was estimated by applying LandGEM and 60,080,906 Nm³.ano-1 using IPCC, whose production peaks were observed in the years 2021 and 2020, respectively. The choice of the most appropriate model will depend on the available data and, for better approximation to real results, the parameters adopted should be analyzed with caution, considering the difference in climatic and operational conditions of each case.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Cabral, Alexandre; Capanema, Marlon André;

    Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a estrutura de correlação do volume de biogás gerado com as variáveis físico-químicas umidade, pH, alcalinidade, demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) e sólidos totais voláteis (STV), mediante uma análise de componentes principais (ACP). As repetições de cada tratamento, tanto para o inóculo quanto para o substrato, foram submetidas à análise de correlação de Pearson para se determinar se poderiam ser tratadas como réplicas. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 92 unidades amostrais (número de medições diárias referentes à produção de biogás). A produção de biogás dos dois tratamentos (inóculo e substrato) foi avaliada durante 91 dias e entre os tratamentos mediante uma análise de variância (ANOVA). Os tratamentos foram aninhados dentro do tempo, constituindo uma ANOVA com delineamento hierarquizado, com 5% de significância. Os resultados mostraram que a geração de biogás estava mais relacionada com o pH, seguido dos STV, umidade e DQO. A soma da ACP 1 e 2 explicou 98% dos dados de produção de biogás. ; Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation structure of the biogas volume generated with the physical and chemical variables moisture, pH, alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total volatile solids (STV), through a principal component analysis (PCA). The replicates of each treatment, for both the inoculum and for the substrate were subjected to Pearson correlation analysis to determine if they could be treated as replicas. To this end, we used 92 sampling units (number of daily measurements on the production of biogas). The biogas production of the two treatments (inoculum and substrate) was evaluated for 91 days and between treatments using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The treatments were nested within time, constituting an ANOVA with hierarchical design, with 5% significance. The results showed that the generation of biogas was more related to the pH, followed by STV, moisture and COD. The sum of the ACP 1 and 2 explained 98% of the biogas production data.

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  • Authors: Lima, Letícia Schlichting Hostin; Franco, Elci Terezinha Henz; Schumacher, Mauro Valdir;

    Este trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar o efeito de dosagens de fósforo no crescimento de mudas de palmiteiro, bem como determinar o teor de macro e micronutrientes do sistema radicial e aéreo dessa planta. O ensaio foi conduzido em casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos foram quantitativos e eqüidistantes, constituídos por: T1-testemunha solo sem adição de fósforo (P); T2-90 mg.kg-1; T3-180 mg; T4-270 mg.dm-3; T5-360mg dm-3; T6-450 mg.dm-3; T7-540 mg.dm-3; T8-630 mg.dm-3; de P respectivamente. Decorridos 12 meses da semeadura, foram avaliadas variáveis: altura e biomassa aérea, radicial e total, pela análise nutricional dos tecidos. Os resultados indicam que houve crescimento de plantas jovens de palmiteiro para todos os parâmetros avaliados. O crescimento em altura e o aumento da biomassa aérea das plantas jovens de palmito foram até a dosagem de 540 mg.dm-3 de fósforo. A resposta foi positiva para o desenvolvimento da biomassa radical até a dosagem de 450 mg.dm-3, sendo que o desenvolvimento de biomassa total foi alcançado com a dosagem de 540 mg.dm-3 de fósforo. Para os teores de macro na biomassa aérea obteve-se a seguinte seqüência, respectivamente: N > Ca > K > Mg > P>S; e micronutrientes Fe > Mn > Zn > B > Cu; e para radical: N > Ca > Mg > S > K > P; Fe > Mn > Zn > B > Cu, sendo que os teores de P não alteraram os teores de nutrientes na planta. ; The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of phosphorus doses in the growth of seedling of palm as well as to determine the content of macro and micronutrients from the below and above ground biomass through a tissue analysis. The assay was conducted in a greenhouse. The treatments were quantitative and equidistant, constituted by: T1- control (soil without P); T2-90 mg.dm-3; T3-180 mg.dm-3; T4-270 mg.dm-3; T5-360 mg.dm-3; T6-450 mg.dm-3; T7-540 mg.dm-3; T8-630 mg.dm-3; of P, respectively. 12 months after sowing, the following variables were evaluated: above ground height and biomass, below ground biomass and total. The nutritional analysis from below and above ground biomass was done to obtain the amount of macro and micronutrients. Results show that the growth of young palm plants was achieved to the analyzed parameters. Growth was obtained for height and it increased the aerial biomass of the plants to the doses of 540 mg.dm-3 of P, the answer was positive for the development of the below ground biomass to the doses of 450 mg dm-3, and the development of total biomass was reached with the doses of 540 mg.dm-3. For the macro tenors and micronutrients in the above ground biomass, the following sequence has been obtained, respectively: N> Ca> K> Mg> P>S; Fe> Mn> Zn> B> Cu, and for below ground: N> Ca> Mg> S> K> P; Fe> Mn> Zn> B> Cu, and the tenors of P didn't alter the tenors of nutrients in the plant.

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  • Authors: Moscovich, Fabio; Keller, Hector; Fernández, Roberto; Borhen, Alicia;

    Buscando determinar indicadores sobre el impacto ambiental, basados en características vegetales, que generarían los monocultivos forestales lindantes con bosques nativos, se instalaron 32 unidades de muestreo en un área de propiedad de la empresa LIPSIA, Departamento Esperanza (Misiones), que reunía estas características. Las parcelas, de 100 m2, se distribuyeron sistemáticamente a cada 25 m. La vegetación se dividió en tres estratos: superior (CAP ≥ 30 cm), medio (5 cm ≤ CAP > 30 cm) e inferior (CAP 10 cm) and inferior (DBH < cm). There were installed 10 plots in a logged native forest, 10 plots in a 18 years old Pinus Engelm. with approximately 400 trees/ha., 6 plots in a 10 – 25 years old Araucaria angustifolia (Bertd.) Kuntze limiting area with approximately 900 trees/ha., and 6 plots located in this plantation. In the studied area were identified 150 vegetation species. In the inferior stratum there were found differences as function of various floristic diversity indexes. In all the cases the native forest showed larger diversity than plantations, followed by Pinus elliottii, Araucaria plantation and Araucaria limiting area. All the studied forest fitted to a logarithmical series of species distributions, that would indicate the incidence of a environmental factor in this distribution.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jabbour, Charbel Jose Chiappetta; Santos, Fernando Cesar Almada;

    O objetivo deste artigo é lançar luzes sobre as implicações da mudança climática para as organizações. Para fazer frente a esse debate, são explorados: o conceito de "inteligência ambiental" (IA); as estratégias por meio das quais as organizações fazem frente ao desafio da mudança climática; as oportunidades que explicam a adoção dessas estratégias; e o papel fornecido pela função produção para que tais estratégias possuam o efeito desejado. Por fim, tais conceitos são sistematizados, buscando-se uma integração dos modelos teóricos existentes, até então considerados de maneira estanque.The aim of this paper is to enlighten the implications of climate change for organizations. To deal with this subject, the follow issues are analyzed: concept of environmental intelligence; opportunities which justify the adoption of these strategies, and the main role performed by the production function to implement such strategies. Finally, concepts of prior theoretical models are taken into account.

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    Article . 2009
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      Article . 2009
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  • Authors: Barichello, Leonir Rodrigues; Schumacher, Mauro Valdir; Vogel, Hamilton Luiz Munari;

    O presente estudo, em povoamento de Acácia-negra, aos 8 anos de idade, na Serra do Sudeste, no município de Minas do Leão, RS, teve o objetivo de quantificar a biomassa total do povoamento e a sua distribuição em cada componente da biomassa das árvores. Após a avaliação das características dendrométricas e quantidade da biomassa nos componentes: folhas; galhos vivos, galhos mortos; casca do tronco, madeira do tronco e raízes, foram selecionadas e abatidas 21 árvores do povoamento. Foram determinados os coeficientes da equação ln y = b0 + b1 * ln d para estimativa dos diferentes componentes da biomassa. Aos 8 anos de idade a Acácia-negra chega a concentrar mais de 60% de sua biomassa na madeira. A biomassa abaixo do solo nessas condições pode chegar à aproximadamente 12% da biomassa total. ; The present study was carried out in stand of Black wattle 8 years old, in the southeastern mountain range, in Minas do Leão - RS County. The objective of this work was to quantify the total biomass of the stand and its distribution in each component of the tree biomass. After evaluation of dendrometric characteristics, 21 trees were selected and cut for estimation of biomass in the components: leaves, live and dead branches, bark wood, stem wood and roots. To estimate the different components of the biomass, the coefficients of the equation ln y = b0 + b1 * ln d were determinated. At eight years old, a Black wattle can concentrate more than 60% of its biomass in the wood. The biomass below ground under these conditions can reach approximately 12% of total biomass.

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  • Authors: Hoppe, Juarez Martins; Witschoreck, Rudi; Schumacher, Mauro Valdir;

    Este trabalho teve por objetivo estimar a biomassa em um povoamento de Platanus x acerifolia, com 5,5 anos de idade, localizado no município de Dom Feliciano, Rio Grande do Sul. O inventário na área experimental consistiu no levantamento de cinco parcelas de 20m x 30m. As árvores foram agrupadas em oito classes de diâmetro, sendo abatidas três árvores por classe. Após o abate, foi realizada uma cubagem rigorosa, e a biomassa de cada componente das árvores (folha, fruto, galho, casca, madeira e raiz) foi determinada e amostrada. As estimativas da biomassa de cada um dos componentes foram realizadas por meio do ajuste de equaç;ões de regressão que correlacionaram características dendrométricas com os valores de biomassa dos respectivos componentes das árvores amostradas. A biomassa total foi de 45,28 Mg ha-1, distribuída em ordem decrescente em: madeira 21,07 Mg ha-1; galho 11,72 Mg ha-1; raiz 8,43 Mg ha-1; casca 2,01 Mg ha-1; folha 1,89 Mg ha-1 e fruto 0,16 Mg ha-1. A serapilheira acumulada foi de 12,80 Mg ha-1. ; This study aimed at estimating the biomass in a 5.5-year-Platanus x acerifolia stand, in Dom Feliciano county, Rio Grande do Sul. The inventory in the experimental area was done in five plots (20 m x 30 m each one). Trees were grouped in eight diameter classes, and 3 trees per class were cut. After cutting the trees, a cubing was done and the biomass of each component (leaf, fruit, branch, bark, wood and root) was determined and sampled. The biomasses estimative from each component were done through regression equations adjustment that correlated dendrometric characteristics with biomass volumes from the respective components of the trees. The total biomass was 45,28 Mg h-1, distributed in: wood 21,07 Mg ha-1; branch 11,72 Mg ha-1; root 8,43 Mg ha-1; bark 2,01 Mg ha-1; leaf 1,89 Mg ha-1 and fruit 0,16 Mg ha-1. The accumulated litter was 12,80 Mg ha-1.

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  • Authors: Nildo de S. Vianna, João; Duarte, Laura M.G.; de F. Wehrmann, Magda E. S.;

    Includes abstract in Portuguese ; The present study evaluates the contribution of the large-scale production and use of biodiesel to the promotion of sustainable development. The study identifies potential risks for the goals of social inclusion, global environmental development, conservation of biodiversity and contribution to energy independence. The study presents an analysis of the present stage of production and use of biodiesel, based on secondary data. It employs the dimensions of sustainable development as a theoretical reference. Risks of biodiesel use and options were analyzed. The adaptation of oilseed crops to climate changes was also considered. The study makes a series of recommendations for public policy designers.

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  • Texto en portugúes ; Versión en inglés disponible en la Biblioteca Digital del IDRC: Alliance of parliamentarians and local elected representatives at the service of climate management in the PRCM and ECOWAS areas : proceedings; sub regional workshop, 3 to 6 August 2009, Praia, Cap Vert ; Versión en francés disponible en la Biblioteca Digital del IDRC: Parlementaires et élus locaux au service de la gouvernance climatique dans l'espace PRCM et CEDEAO : actes; atelier sous régional, 3 au 6 août 2009, Praia, Cap Vert

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Vale, Ailton Teixera do; Sablowski, Alexander Rudolph Marin;

    RESUMO Neste trabalho, é feita a análise da eficiência de produção de uma serraria de pequeno porte, localizada no estado de São Paulo, utilizando como ferramentas a “análise de fluxo de massa” e “análise de fluxo de energia”. O objetivo foi avaliar a linha de produção e comparar as ferramentas utilizadas em função dos resultados obtidos e aplicabilidade. Concluiu-se que o “lay out” de disposição dos maquinários deve ser alterado e deve-se utilizar um melhor planejamento do gabarito de corte para que o sistema se torne viável em função da baixa eficiência com grande porcentagem de perda e uso inadequado dos equipamentos e matéria-prima. As ferramentas forneceram resultados similares e por causa da aplicabilidade, propõe-se a utilização da “análise de fluxo de massa” para avaliação de comportamento produtivo de serrarias. ; ABSTRACT This is the analysis of the efficiency of production of one small sawmill, located in São Paulo, using as an instrument of study the “Mass and Energy Flow”, available in the production line. It was concluded that the disposal of the machines should be modified, and that the inclusion of a process of planning of cut design is necessary so that the system becomes viable, since the current configuration presents low income with great percentage of loss and inadequate use of equipment and raw material. Concerning the tools, similar results were found and because of its ease of utilization the “mass and flow” is recommended to the sawmill pattern evaluation.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Cabral, Alexandre;

    Resumo: O aproveitamento energético do biogás de aterros sanitários é uma alternativa sustentável para a disposição final de gases residuais. A estimativa teórica da produção desse biogás torna-se uma ferramenta muito útil para a avaliação de viabilidade e dimensionamento de sistemas de coleta de gás. Os modelos de geração de biogás de aterro mais utilizados atualmente são os baseados em equações de decaimento de primeira ordem. Os modelos LandGEM e IPCC foram utilizados neste trabalho para a estimativa da geração de gases no aterro municipal de Guarapuava (PR, Brasil), onde os principais parâmetros foram escolhidos com base nos dados frequentemente aplicados para cada modelo: valores default sugeridos para as condições locais específicas, para a aplicação do software LandGEM; e cálculo do potencial de geração de metano (L0) a partir da análise gravimétrica dos resíduos, para a aplicação da equação sugerida pelo IPCC. Estimou-se uma produção total de biogás de 44.466.711 Nm3.ano-1 aplicando LandGEM e 60.080.906 Nm3.ano-1 aplicando IPCC, onde os picos de produção foram observados nos anos de 2021 e 2020, respectivamente. A escolha do modelo mais adequado dependerá dos dados disponíveis e, para maior aproximação de resultados reais, os parâmetros adotados devem ser analisados com cautela, considerando as diferentes condições climáticas e operacionais de cada caso. ; Abstract: The energetic use of landfill biogas is a sustainable alternative for the final disposal of waste gases. The theoretical estimation of the production of this biogas becomes a very useful tool for evaluating the feasibility and design of gas collection systems sizing. The most widely used landfill biogas generation models are those based on first-order-decay equations. LandGEM and IPCC models were used in this work to estimate the generation of gases in the municipal landfill of Guarapuava (PR), and the main parameters were chosen based on the frequently applied data for each model: default values suggested for the specific local conditions,for the application of LandGEM software; and calculating the methane generation potential (L0) from the gravimetric analysis of the residues, for the application of the equation suggested by the IPCC. A total biogas production of 44,466,711 Nm³.ano-1 was estimated by applying LandGEM and 60,080,906 Nm³.ano-1 using IPCC, whose production peaks were observed in the years 2021 and 2020, respectively. The choice of the most appropriate model will depend on the available data and, for better approximation to real results, the parameters adopted should be analyzed with caution, considering the difference in climatic and operational conditions of each case.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Cabral, Alexandre; Capanema, Marlon André;

    Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a estrutura de correlação do volume de biogás gerado com as variáveis físico-químicas umidade, pH, alcalinidade, demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) e sólidos totais voláteis (STV), mediante uma análise de componentes principais (ACP). As repetições de cada tratamento, tanto para o inóculo quanto para o substrato, foram submetidas à análise de correlação de Pearson para se determinar se poderiam ser tratadas como réplicas. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 92 unidades amostrais (número de medições diárias referentes à produção de biogás). A produção de biogás dos dois tratamentos (inóculo e substrato) foi avaliada durante 91 dias e entre os tratamentos mediante uma análise de variância (ANOVA). Os tratamentos foram aninhados dentro do tempo, constituindo uma ANOVA com delineamento hierarquizado, com 5% de significância. Os resultados mostraram que a geração de biogás estava mais relacionada com o pH, seguido dos STV, umidade e DQO. A soma da ACP 1 e 2 explicou 98% dos dados de produção de biogás. ; Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation structure of the biogas volume generated with the physical and chemical variables moisture, pH, alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total volatile solids (STV), through a principal component analysis (PCA). The replicates of each treatment, for both the inoculum and for the substrate were subjected to Pearson correlation analysis to determine if they could be treated as replicas. To this end, we used 92 sampling units (number of daily measurements on the production of biogas). The biogas production of the two treatments (inoculum and substrate) was evaluated for 91 days and between treatments using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The treatments were nested within time, constituting an ANOVA with hierarchical design, with 5% significance. The results showed that the generation of biogas was more related to the pH, followed by STV, moisture and COD. The sum of the ACP 1 and 2 explained 98% of the biogas production data.

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  • Authors: Lima, Letícia Schlichting Hostin; Franco, Elci Terezinha Henz; Schumacher, Mauro Valdir;

    Este trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar o efeito de dosagens de fósforo no crescimento de mudas de palmiteiro, bem como determinar o teor de macro e micronutrientes do sistema radicial e aéreo dessa planta. O ensaio foi conduzido em casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos foram quantitativos e eqüidistantes, constituídos por: T1-testemunha solo sem adição de fósforo (P); T2-90 mg.kg-1; T3-180 mg; T4-270 mg.dm-3; T5-360mg dm-3; T6-450 mg.dm-3; T7-540 mg.dm-3; T8-630 mg.dm-3; de P respectivamente. Decorridos 12 meses da semeadura, foram avaliadas variáveis: altura e biomassa aérea, radicial e total, pela análise nutricional dos tecidos. Os resultados indicam que houve crescimento de plantas jovens de palmiteiro para todos os parâmetros avaliados. O crescimento em altura e o aumento da biomassa aérea das plantas jovens de palmito foram até a dosagem de 540 mg.dm-3 de fósforo. A resposta foi positiva para o desenvolvimento da biomassa radical até a dosagem de 450 mg.dm-3, sendo que o desenvolvimento de biomassa total foi alcançado com a dosagem de 540 mg.dm-3 de fósforo. Para os teores de macro na biomassa aérea obteve-se a seguinte seqüência, respectivamente: N > Ca > K > Mg > P>S; e micronutrientes Fe > Mn > Zn > B > Cu; e para radical: N > Ca > Mg > S > K > P; Fe > Mn > Zn > B > Cu, sendo que os teores de P não alteraram os teores de nutrientes na planta. ; The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of phosphorus doses in the growth of seedling of palm as well as to determine the content of macro and micronutrients from the below and above ground biomass through a tissue analysis. The assay was conducted in a greenhouse. The treatments were quantitative and equidistant, constituted by: T1- control (soil without P); T2-90 mg.dm-3; T3-180 mg.dm-3; T4-270 mg.dm-3; T5-360 mg.dm-3; T6-450 mg.dm-3; T7-540 mg.dm-3; T8-630 mg.dm-3; of P, respectively. 12 months after sowing, the following variables were evaluated: above ground height and biomass, below ground biomass and total. The nutritional analysis from below and above ground biomass was done to obtain the amount of macro and micronutrients. Results show that the growth of young palm plants was achieved to the analyzed parameters. Growth was obtained for height and it increased the aerial biomass of the plants to the doses of 540 mg.dm-3 of P, the answer was positive for the development of the below ground biomass to the doses of 450 mg dm-3, and the development of total biomass was reached with the doses of 540 mg.dm-3. For the macro tenors and micronutrients in the above ground biomass, the following sequence has been obtained, respectively: N> Ca> K> Mg> P>S; Fe> Mn> Zn> B> Cu, and for below ground: N> Ca> Mg> S> K> P; Fe> Mn> Zn> B> Cu, and the tenors of P didn't alter the tenors of nutrients in the plant.

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