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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Perrotti, Daniela;

    Taking as a starting point a fundamental hypothesis that explores the possibility of considering the urban rurality as a platform for the experimentation of a new model of sustainability, this paper presents a critical analysis of a recent North-Italian rurban experience. This scientific goal will be pursued through the assessment of a pilot project carried out at the territorial level and of strategic action plans drawn by the local authorities of the Provincia of Milan and developed within the context of the Parco Agricolo Sud Milano. These experiences are examined, on the one hand, in terms of their interscalar socio-political impacts both at local and territorial scales, and on the other hand, of the increasing conceptual gap existing between the local sustainable activities and contemporary political discourse built on the principles of sustainable development. En partant de l’exploration d’une hypothèse fondamentale, concernant la possibilité d’appréhender la ruralité urbaine dans les termes de plateforme d’expérimentation d’un nouveau modèle de durabilité, l’approche analytique proposée par cette étude est fondée sur la mise en perspective critique d’une expérience rurbaine en Italie du Nord. Un premier projet pilote à l’échelle territoriale, ainsi que des outils plus récents de planification stratégique, développés au fil de la dernière décennie par la Provincia de Milan au sein du Parc agricole Sud de Milan, seront analysés par rapport à leurs retombées sur le contexte sociopolitique dans lequel ils s’insèrent, et à l’aune de l’émergence d’un décalage considérable entre discours politique et pratiques réelles de la durabilité.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Dépôt Institutionel ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Dépôt Institutionel ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lazzer, Stéphano; Meyer, Martine; Derumeaux, Hélène; Boirie, Yves; +1 Authors

    La prévalence de l’obésité infantile est en augmentation permanente et nécessite une prise en charge efficace. OBJECTIF: Analyser l’évolution des principaux paramètres anthropométriques et du métabolisme de base (MB) d’adolescents obèses pendant et après deux types de prise en charge : intensive en institution ou conventionnelle à domicile. SUJETS ET METHODES: Vingt-six adolescents âgés de 12 à 16 ans (Z-score de l’IMC = 4,72) ont suivi en institution (groupe I) un programme de réduction pondérale de neuf mois comprenant une restriction énergétique modérée et une activité physique régulière. Un deuxième groupe de 39 sujets de même âge (Z-score de l’IMC = 2,83) a bénéficié d’un suivi médical et diététique bimestriel au domicile des parents (groupe E). Les mesures de composition corporelle (impédancemétrie) et du MB (calorimétrie indirecte) ont été réalisées avant le début (M0), après quatre mois (M4) et neuf mois (M9) de prise en charge, puis quatre mois (M13) et 16 mois (M25) plus tard. RESULTATS: Deux et quatre des 26 adolescents du groupe I n’ont pas participé respectivement aux mesures aux temps M13 et M25. À M0, l’âge, le poids, la masse maigre (MM) et le MB des adolescents du groupe I étaient supérieurs à ceux des adolescents du groupe E, mais le stade pubertaire et le pourcentage de masse grasse (MG) n’étaient pas significativement différents entre les deux groupes. À M9, les adolescents du groupe I présentaient des diminutions du poids et de MG de 19 et 37 %, respectivement (p < 0,001), mais pas de variation significative de la MM. Le MB a diminué entre M0 et M4, tant en valeur absolue (–6,7 %, p < 0,001) qu’après ajustement pour les différences de MM (–5,8 %, p < 0,001) et la différence s’est maintenue jusqu’à M9. Entre M9 et M13, le poids corporel et le Z-score de l’IMC des adolescents du groupe I n’ont pas varié significativement chez 12 adolescents, mais ils ont augmenté significativement chez dix adolescents (+ 9,7 et 14,8 %, respectivement, p < 0,001) ; en revanche, le MB n’a pas varié significativement pour l’ensemble des adolescents. Entre M13 et M25, le poids corporel, la MG, la MM et le MB ont augmenté significativement pour l’ensemble des adolescents (+ 13 %, + 34 %, + 6 % et + 5 %, respectivement, p < 0,001). Dix-neuf des 39 adolescents du groupe E ont abandonné progressivement la prise en charge. Pour la plupart d’entre eux le poids et le Z-score de l’IMC avaient augmenté. En revanche, les 20 adolescents du groupe E qui ont suivi la prise en charge pendant les 25 mois n’ont pas présenté de variations significatives de leur IMC et du MB ajusté pour les différences de MM. CONCLUSION: La prise en charge en institution a été très efficace à court terme. Cependant, la diminution du MB observée au cours du programme de réduction pondérale a favorisé la reprise de poids des adolescents post-obèses qui n’ont pas maintenu les habitudes de vie acquises au cours de la période de prise en charge. La moitié des adolescents qui ont bénéficié d’une prise en charge à domicile et ont participé pendant les 25 mois au suivi hygiénodiététique ont stabilisé le Z-score de leur IMC. The prevalence of obesity in children has increased dramatically during the past decades, and requires efficient care. OBJECTIVES: To determine changes in anthropometric parameters and basal metabolic rate (BMR) in obese adolescents during and after 2 types of weight-reduction programs. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-six adolescents (group I, Z-score of BMI = 4.72) followed a 9-month-weight reduction program including a moderate energy restriction and regular physical activities in a specialized institution. In addition, 39 adolescents (group E, Z-score of BMI = 2.83) followed at home a 9-month-weight reduction program including medical and dietetic advices. Body composition (by impedancemetry) and BMR (by indirect calorimetry) were assessed before the beginning (M0), 4 months after (M4) and at the end (M9) of the programs, then 4 months (M13) and 16 month (M25) after the end of the weight-reduction programs. RESULTS: Twenty-two adolescents in group I and 20 adolescents in group E completed the study. At M0, age, body weight (BW), fat-free mass (FFM) and BMR of subjects of group I were higher (1.0 year, 36 %, 30 % and 23 %, respectively, P < 0.001), than those of group E. Pubertal stage and percentage of fat mass (FM) were not significantly different between the 2 groups. At M9, adolescents of group I showed significant reductions in BW and FM (-19 and -37 %, respectively, P < 0.001), but not significant differences in FFM. In addition, BMR decreased significantly between M0 and M4, both in absolute value (-6.7%, P < 0.001) and after adjustment for FFM (-5.8%, P < 0.001), and the difference was maintained until M9. Between M9 and M13, BW and Z-score of BMI were maintained in 12 adolescents, but increased (+9.7% and 14.8%, respectively, P < 0.001) in 10 adolescents. However, BMR did not change significantly in all adolescents. Between M13 and M25, BW, FM, FFM and BMR increased significantly (+13%, +34%, +6% et +5%, respectively, P < 0.001). During the 25 month period, adolescents of group E showed significant increases in BW, FFM and BMR (+8%, +14% and +10%, respectively, P < 0.001), and maintained their Z-score and FM. CONCLUSION: The reduction in BMR during the weight-reduction program at the institution could contribute to body weight regain in the post-obese adolescents if they do not maintain the lifestyle habits taught during the weight-reduction period. In other respects, Z-score was stabilized in 51% of domiciled obese adolescents.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    HAL INRAE
    Article . 2005
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      HAL INRAE
      Article . 2005
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Dierick, Frédéric;

    L’objectif principal de ce travail est d’étudier la faisabilité de réaliser des mesures du travail mécanique au cours de différentes marches pathologiques et de répondre à la question suivante : « La mesure du travail mécanique permet-elle d’expliquer l’augmentation du coût énergétique de la marche dans différents déficits unilatéraux ? ». L’énergétique et la mécanique de la marche ont été évaluées dans les quatre déficits unilatéraux suivants : l’hémiparésie, la gonarthrose unilatérale, l’arthroplastie totale d’un genou et l’amputation partielle d’un membre inférieur. Au terme de ce travail, il apparaît que : (a) les mesures du travail mécanique sont réalisables dans les quatre déficits unilatéraux choisis ; (b) les variables mécaniques permettent d’expliquer l’augmentation du coût énergétique de la marche ; (c) l’augmentation du coût énergétique ne peut être expliquée par l’inefficacité du mécanisme pendulaire de la marche. (READ 3) -- UCL, 2006

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Dépôt Institutionel ...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ledent, Gérald; Salembier, Chloé; Vanneste, Damien; Bernard, Nicolas; +1 Authors
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Dépôt Institutionel ...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Servais, Pierre; Laurent, P.; Billen, Gilles; Levi, Y.;

    La réduction de l'usage des biocides en général et du chlore en,particulier est actuellement un objectif important dans le traitement et la distribution de l'eau potable. Déjà un premier pas a été effectué en rejetant la chloration en fin de filiére dans certaines installa¬tions de production et en introduisant des étapes effi¬caces dans l'âbattement de la matière organique dissoute (filtration sur CAG, filtration biologique) ;ceci réduit largement les risques de formation de compo¬sés organochlorés aux propriétés organoleptiques in¬désirables et potentiellement cancérigènes. L'abandon de cette chloration, ou son remplacement par une autre technique de désinfection en fin de fi¬lière (ozonation), reste néanmoins un objectif souhai¬table. La poursuite de la chloration en fin de filière, ainsi que des rechlorations en cours de distribution, se justifient actuellement par la reviviscence bacté¬rienne que l'on observe dans le réseau; cette crois¬sance bactérienne sert de base à une chaîne alimentaire aboutissant au développement d'organis¬mes supérieurs indésirables. La détermination d'une stratégie valable de lutte contre ce phénomène néces¬site une bonne connaissance des facteurs de contrôle du développement bactérien. L'objectif de l'étude pré¬sentée ici est de partir d'observations de terrain me¬nées sur un réseau réel, afin de préciser les mécanismes responsables des phénomènes de revi¬viscence. Le réseau investigué est celui du Syndicat des Eaux d'ile-de-France qui alimente la banlieue de Paris. La plupart des mesures ont été effectuées sur le secteur nord de Paris alimenté par l'usine de Méry¬sur-Oise. Evolution de la qualité de l'eau dans les réseaux de distribution info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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    Article . 1992 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Criel, B.; Noumou Barry, A.; von Roenne, F.;
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    Authors: Coiro, Domenico;
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    Authors: Sy, Sams Dine;

    While the level of uncertainty enriched by the climate wars hypothesis, controversial moves on the finance field. Breaking with development aid and the conventional financial system, the climate financing enters a period of radical uncertainty. Data and information collected over the COP held, can lay the groundwork for a financial prospective. The study proposes socio-economic and financial scenarios inspired by the IPCC approach in assessing transformation with representative socioeconomic evolution pathways. The vision of long-term cooperative action allows to raise more funds to expand developing countries participation in the effort of data collection, development of good practice and guidelines. But reducing the time taken for adaptation and mitigation may lead to more radical solutions are needed to lower the temperature. The study proposes that Africa should adhere to the vision of development erga omnes around a futureresilient financial system. The study recommends the setting of an Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Financing to solve the problem of the transformation of global savings in very long term investment and to periodically report on the performance of the Global Investment Fund. Africa will also integrate the global value chain of carbon finance and to structure the innovation system with "clean tech" and "green business". Finally the study recommends several initiatives to provide financial support for large scale geoengeneering through reforestation, sequestration and storage of CO2 and solar radiation management. Keywords: Africa | climate | financing| prospective | resilience| development | innovation

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    Authors: African Capacity Building Foundation;

    Le Rapport sur les Capacités en Afrique (RICA) et les indicateurs qu'il propose offrent les intrants nécessaires pour éclairer les choix en matière d'appui au renforcement des capacités. Pour la plupart des pays, l'environnement institutionnel est très propice, et les processus de mise en œuvre sont en place. Cependant, les résultats de développement ne suivent pas, et encore moins les résultats en matière de renforcement des capacités. Le rapport et ses indicateurs soulignent également les réformes institutionnelles et en matière de règlementation qui sont nécessaires pour mieux soutenir les partenariats public-privé en matière d'investissement et de renforcement des capacités, ainsi que les investissements nécessaires pour renforcer davantage l'administration publique. De même, ils soulignent l'importance de la volonté politique dans l'inclusion sociale et le développement. Chaque rapport présente un thème annuel d'une importance clé pour le programme de développement de l'Afrique. Cette année, l'accent est mis sur les exigences de capacités pour l'intégration régionale, qui font partie du mandat de l'ACBF, et sur les capacités des communautés économiques régionales (CER). Le rapport dégage les points ci-après qui sont nécessaires pour renforcer les CER : intégrer le renforcement des capacités dans l'ensemble des efforts visant à réaliser un développement durable ; assurer des ressources administratives et financières suffisantes ; mettre l'accent sur la rétention et l'utilisation des compétences, et pas seulement sur leur acquisition ; et assurer le suivi-évaluation de tous les efforts de renforcement des capacités. Dans le cadre de l'intégration régionale, la dimension capacités est essentielle de nos jours puisque les pays, les CER, les institutions régionales spécialisées et les organisations régionales de développement, sont en train de développer des cadres stratégiques régionaux et de renforcer leurs capacités en vue de poursuivre l'intégration régionale à travers le continent. Les nombreuses ...

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    Authors: Catellani, Andrea;

    Lié aux « controverses climatiques », le phénomène de la négation du changement climatique fait partie d’une tendance plus globale qui consiste en la mise en question de la science ou des conséquences tirées des connaissances scientifiques (comme les politiques de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre). Ce phénomène a eu et a toujours un retentissement et des effets importants dans nos sociétés ; il résulte d’une convergence de facteurs différents (psychologiques, économiques, politiques, idéologiques, communicationnels…) qui en font une sorte de symbole troublant de notre époque.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Perrotti, Daniela;

    Taking as a starting point a fundamental hypothesis that explores the possibility of considering the urban rurality as a platform for the experimentation of a new model of sustainability, this paper presents a critical analysis of a recent North-Italian rurban experience. This scientific goal will be pursued through the assessment of a pilot project carried out at the territorial level and of strategic action plans drawn by the local authorities of the Provincia of Milan and developed within the context of the Parco Agricolo Sud Milano. These experiences are examined, on the one hand, in terms of their interscalar socio-political impacts both at local and territorial scales, and on the other hand, of the increasing conceptual gap existing between the local sustainable activities and contemporary political discourse built on the principles of sustainable development. En partant de l’exploration d’une hypothèse fondamentale, concernant la possibilité d’appréhender la ruralité urbaine dans les termes de plateforme d’expérimentation d’un nouveau modèle de durabilité, l’approche analytique proposée par cette étude est fondée sur la mise en perspective critique d’une expérience rurbaine en Italie du Nord. Un premier projet pilote à l’échelle territoriale, ainsi que des outils plus récents de planification stratégique, développés au fil de la dernière décennie par la Provincia de Milan au sein du Parc agricole Sud de Milan, seront analysés par rapport à leurs retombées sur le contexte sociopolitique dans lequel ils s’insèrent, et à l’aune de l’émergence d’un décalage considérable entre discours politique et pratiques réelles de la durabilité.

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    Authors: Lazzer, Stéphano; Meyer, Martine; Derumeaux, Hélène; Boirie, Yves; +1 Authors

    La prévalence de l’obésité infantile est en augmentation permanente et nécessite une prise en charge efficace. OBJECTIF: Analyser l’évolution des principaux paramètres anthropométriques et du métabolisme de base (MB) d’adolescents obèses pendant et après deux types de prise en charge : intensive en institution ou conventionnelle à domicile. SUJETS ET METHODES: Vingt-six adolescents âgés de 12 à 16 ans (Z-score de l’IMC = 4,72) ont suivi en institution (groupe I) un programme de réduction pondérale de neuf mois comprenant une restriction énergétique modérée et une activité physique régulière. Un deuxième groupe de 39 sujets de même âge (Z-score de l’IMC = 2,83) a bénéficié d’un suivi médical et diététique bimestriel au domicile des parents (groupe E). Les mesures de composition corporelle (impédancemétrie) et du MB (calorimétrie indirecte) ont été réalisées avant le début (M0), après quatre mois (M4) et neuf mois (M9) de prise en charge, puis quatre mois (M13) et 16 mois (M25) plus tard. RESULTATS: Deux et quatre des 26 adolescents du groupe I n’ont pas participé respectivement aux mesures aux temps M13 et M25. À M0, l’âge, le poids, la masse maigre (MM) et le MB des adolescents du groupe I étaient supérieurs à ceux des adolescents du groupe E, mais le stade pubertaire et le pourcentage de masse grasse (MG) n’étaient pas significativement différents entre les deux groupes. À M9, les adolescents du groupe I présentaient des diminutions du poids et de MG de 19 et 37 %, respectivement (p < 0,001), mais pas de variation significative de la MM. Le MB a diminué entre M0 et M4, tant en valeur absolue (–6,7 %, p < 0,001) qu’après ajustement pour les différences de MM (–5,8 %, p < 0,001) et la différence s’est maintenue jusqu’à M9. Entre M9 et M13, le poids corporel et le Z-score de l’IMC des adolescents du groupe I n’ont pas varié significativement chez 12 adolescents, mais ils ont augmenté significativement chez dix adolescents (+ 9,7 et 14,8 %, respectivement, p < 0,001) ; en revanche, le MB n’a pas varié significativement pour l’ensemble des adolescents. Entre M13 et M25, le poids corporel, la MG, la MM et le MB ont augmenté significativement pour l’ensemble des adolescents (+ 13 %, + 34 %, + 6 % et + 5 %, respectivement, p < 0,001). Dix-neuf des 39 adolescents du groupe E ont abandonné progressivement la prise en charge. Pour la plupart d’entre eux le poids et le Z-score de l’IMC avaient augmenté. En revanche, les 20 adolescents du groupe E qui ont suivi la prise en charge pendant les 25 mois n’ont pas présenté de variations significatives de leur IMC et du MB ajusté pour les différences de MM. CONCLUSION: La prise en charge en institution a été très efficace à court terme. Cependant, la diminution du MB observée au cours du programme de réduction pondérale a favorisé la reprise de poids des adolescents post-obèses qui n’ont pas maintenu les habitudes de vie acquises au cours de la période de prise en charge. La moitié des adolescents qui ont bénéficié d’une prise en charge à domicile et ont participé pendant les 25 mois au suivi hygiénodiététique ont stabilisé le Z-score de leur IMC. The prevalence of obesity in children has increased dramatically during the past decades, and requires efficient care. OBJECTIVES: To determine changes in anthropometric parameters and basal metabolic rate (BMR) in obese adolescents during and after 2 types of weight-reduction programs. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-six adolescents (group I, Z-score of BMI = 4.72) followed a 9-month-weight reduction program including a moderate energy restriction and regular physical activities in a specialized institution. In addition, 39 adolescents (group E, Z-score of BMI = 2.83) followed at home a 9-month-weight reduction program including medical and dietetic advices. Body composition (by impedancemetry) and BMR (by indirect calorimetry) were assessed before the beginning (M0), 4 months after (M4) and at the end (M9) of the programs, then 4 months (M13) and 16 month (M25) after the end of the weight-reduction programs. RESULTS: Twenty-two adolescents in group I and 20 adolescents in group E completed the study. At M0, age, body weight (BW), fat-free mass (FFM) and BMR of subjects of group I were higher (1.0 year, 36 %, 30 % and 23 %, respectively, P < 0.001), than those of group E. Pubertal stage and percentage of fat mass (FM) were not significantly different between the 2 groups. At M9, adolescents of group I showed significant reductions in BW and FM (-19 and -37 %, respectively, P < 0.001), but not significant differences in FFM. In addition, BMR decreased significantly between M0 and M4, both in absolute value (-6.7%, P < 0.001) and after adjustment for FFM (-5.8%, P < 0.001), and the difference was maintained until M9. Between M9 and M13, BW and Z-score of BMI were maintained in 12 adolescents, but increased (+9.7% and 14.8%, respectively, P < 0.001) in 10 adolescents. However, BMR did not change significantly in all adolescents. Between M13 and M25, BW, FM, FFM and BMR increased significantly (+13%, +34%, +6% et +5%, respectively, P < 0.001). During the 25 month period, adolescents of group E showed significant increases in BW, FFM and BMR (+8%, +14% and +10%, respectively, P < 0.001), and maintained their Z-score and FM. CONCLUSION: The reduction in BMR during the weight-reduction program at the institution could contribute to body weight regain in the post-obese adolescents if they do not maintain the lifestyle habits taught during the weight-reduction period. In other respects, Z-score was stabilized in 51% of domiciled obese adolescents.

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    Article . 2005
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      HAL INRAE
      Article . 2005
      Data sources: HAL INRAE
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    Authors: Dierick, Frédéric;

    L’objectif principal de ce travail est d’étudier la faisabilité de réaliser des mesures du travail mécanique au cours de différentes marches pathologiques et de répondre à la question suivante : « La mesure du travail mécanique permet-elle d’expliquer l’augmentation du coût énergétique de la marche dans différents déficits unilatéraux ? ». L’énergétique et la mécanique de la marche ont été évaluées dans les quatre déficits unilatéraux suivants : l’hémiparésie, la gonarthrose unilatérale, l’arthroplastie totale d’un genou et l’amputation partielle d’un membre inférieur. Au terme de ce travail, il apparaît que : (a) les mesures du travail mécanique sont réalisables dans les quatre déficits unilatéraux choisis ; (b) les variables mécaniques permettent d’expliquer l’augmentation du coût énergétique de la marche ; (c) l’augmentation du coût énergétique ne peut être expliquée par l’inefficacité du mécanisme pendulaire de la marche. (READ 3) -- UCL, 2006

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    Authors: Ledent, Gérald; Salembier, Chloé; Vanneste, Damien; Bernard, Nicolas; +1 Authors
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    Authors: Servais, Pierre; Laurent, P.; Billen, Gilles; Levi, Y.;

    La réduction de l'usage des biocides en général et du chlore en,particulier est actuellement un objectif important dans le traitement et la distribution de l'eau potable. Déjà un premier pas a été effectué en rejetant la chloration en fin de filiére dans certaines installa¬tions de production et en introduisant des étapes effi¬caces dans l'âbattement de la matière organique dissoute (filtration sur CAG, filtration biologique) ;ceci réduit largement les risques de formation de compo¬sés organochlorés aux propriétés organoleptiques in¬désirables et potentiellement cancérigènes. L'abandon de cette chloration, ou son remplacement par une autre technique de désinfection en fin de fi¬lière (ozonation), reste néanmoins un objectif souhai¬table. La poursuite de la chloration en fin de filière, ainsi que des rechlorations en cours de distribution, se justifient actuellement par la reviviscence bacté¬rienne que l'on observe dans le réseau; cette crois¬sance bactérienne sert de base à une chaîne alimentaire aboutissant au développement d'organis¬mes supérieurs indésirables. La détermination d'une stratégie valable de lutte contre ce phénomène néces¬site une bonne connaissance des facteurs de contrôle du développement bactérien. L'objectif de l'étude pré¬sentée ici est de partir d'observations de terrain me¬nées sur un réseau réel, afin de préciser les mécanismes responsables des phénomènes de revi¬viscence. Le réseau investigué est celui du Syndicat des Eaux d'ile-de-France qui alimente la banlieue de Paris. La plupart des mesures ont été effectuées sur le secteur nord de Paris alimenté par l'usine de Méry¬sur-Oise. Evolution de la qualité de l'eau dans les réseaux de distribution info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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    Article . 1992 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Criel, B.; Noumou Barry, A.; von Roenne, F.;
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    Authors: Coiro, Domenico;
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    Authors: Sy, Sams Dine;

    While the level of uncertainty enriched by the climate wars hypothesis, controversial moves on the finance field. Breaking with development aid and the conventional financial system, the climate financing enters a period of radical uncertainty. Data and information collected over the COP held, can lay the groundwork for a financial prospective. The study proposes socio-economic and financial scenarios inspired by the IPCC approach in assessing transformation with representative socioeconomic evolution pathways. The vision of long-term cooperative action allows to raise more funds to expand developing countries participation in the effort of data collection, development of good practice and guidelines. But reducing the time taken for adaptation and mitigation may lead to more radical solutions are needed to lower the temperature. The study proposes that Africa should adhere to the vision of development erga omnes around a futureresilient financial system. The study recommends the setting of an Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Financing to solve the problem of the transformation of global savings in very long term investment and to periodically report on the performance of the Global Investment Fund. Africa will also integrate the global value chain of carbon finance and to structure the innovation system with "clean tech" and "green business". Finally the study recommends several initiatives to provide financial support for large scale geoengeneering through reforestation, sequestration and storage of CO2 and solar radiation management. Keywords: Africa | climate | financing| prospective | resilience| development | innovation

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    Authors: African Capacity Building Foundation;

    Le Rapport sur les Capacités en Afrique (RICA) et les indicateurs qu'il propose offrent les intrants nécessaires pour éclairer les choix en matière d'appui au renforcement des capacités. Pour la plupart des pays, l'environnement institutionnel est très propice, et les processus de mise en œuvre sont en place. Cependant, les résultats de développement ne suivent pas, et encore moins les résultats en matière de renforcement des capacités. Le rapport et ses indicateurs soulignent également les réformes institutionnelles et en matière de règlementation qui sont nécessaires pour mieux soutenir les partenariats public-privé en matière d'investissement et de renforcement des capacités, ainsi que les investissements nécessaires pour renforcer davantage l'administration publique. De même, ils soulignent l'importance de la volonté politique dans l'inclusion sociale et le développement. Chaque rapport présente un thème annuel d'une importance clé pour le programme de développement de l'Afrique. Cette année, l'accent est mis sur les exigences de capacités pour l'intégration régionale, qui font partie du mandat de l'ACBF, et sur les capacités des communautés économiques régionales (CER). Le rapport dégage les points ci-après qui sont nécessaires pour renforcer les CER : intégrer le renforcement des capacités dans l'ensemble des efforts visant à réaliser un développement durable ; assurer des ressources administratives et financières suffisantes ; mettre l'accent sur la rétention et l'utilisation des compétences, et pas seulement sur leur acquisition ; et assurer le suivi-évaluation de tous les efforts de renforcement des capacités. Dans le cadre de l'intégration régionale, la dimension capacités est essentielle de nos jours puisque les pays, les CER, les institutions régionales spécialisées et les organisations régionales de développement, sont en train de développer des cadres stratégiques régionaux et de renforcer leurs capacités en vue de poursuivre l'intégration régionale à travers le continent. Les nombreuses ...

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    Authors: Catellani, Andrea;

    Lié aux « controverses climatiques », le phénomène de la négation du changement climatique fait partie d’une tendance plus globale qui consiste en la mise en question de la science ou des conséquences tirées des connaissances scientifiques (comme les politiques de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre). Ce phénomène a eu et a toujours un retentissement et des effets importants dans nos sociétés ; il résulte d’une convergence de facteurs différents (psychologiques, économiques, politiques, idéologiques, communicationnels…) qui en font une sorte de symbole troublant de notre époque.

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