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International conservation organisations have identified priority areas for biodiversity conservation. These global-scale prioritisations affect the distribution of funds for conservation interventions. As each organisation has a different focus, each prioritisation scheme is determined by different decision criteria and the resultant priority areas vary considerably. However, little is known about how the priority areas will respond to the impacts of climate change. In this paper, we examined the robustness of eight global-scale prioritisations to climate change under various climate predictions from seven global circulation models. We developed a novel metric of the climate stability for 803 ecoregions based on a recently introduced method to estimate the overlap of climate envelopes. The relationships between the decision criteria and the robustness of the global prioritisation schemes were statistically examined. We found that decision criteria related to level of endemism and landscape fragmentation were strongly correlated with areas predicted to be robust to a changing climate. Hence, policies that prioritise intact areas due to the likely cost efficiency, and assumptions related to the potential to mitigate the impacts of climate change, require further examination. Our findings will help determine where additional management is required to enable biodiversity to adapt to the impacts of climate change.

AbstractAs reserves of non‐renewable energy sources decline, the search for sustainable alternatives becomes increasingly critical. Next‐generation energy materials play a key role in this quest by enabling the manipulation of properties for effective energy solutions and understanding interfaces to enhance energy yield. Studying these interfaces is essential for managing charge transport in optoelectronic devices, yet it presents significant challenges. This review emphasizes the critical role of interfaces in kesterite solar cells (KSCs), focusing on interfacial architecture, carrier losses, and non‐radiative recombination. This review highlights the importance of addressing interface issues and utilizing advanced characterization tools to reveal interface properties. Current interface problems are addressed, recent advancements in interface engineering are summarized, and perspectives on future challenges and prospects are offered. The goal is to illuminate the nature of interfaces and tackle interface losses, which are crucial for improving device design and performance. Despite their pivotal role in device operation, comprehensive reviews on interfaces are lacking, underscoring the relevance of the work for researchers in material interfaces and device engineering. It is hoped that this article will spark interest and inspire further research into interface studies and the mitigation of interface losses.

AbstractAnticipating species’ responses to environmental change is a pressing mission in biodiversity conservation. Despite decades of research investigating how climate change may affect population sizes, historical context is lacking and the traits which mediate demographic sensitivity to changing climate remain elusive. We use whole-genome sequence data to reconstruct the demographic histories of 263 bird species over the past million years and identify networks of interacting morphological and life-history traits associated with changes in effective population size (Ne) in response to climate warming and cooling. Our results identify direct and indirect effects of key traits representing dispersal, reproduction, and survival on long-term demographic responses to climate change, thereby highlighting traits most likely to influence population responses to on-going climate warming.One-Sentence SummaryInteracting traits influence sensitivity of bird population sizes to climate warming and cooling over the past million years.

Climate change, driven by rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses released primarily from the use of fossil fuels,1 is occurring at such a rapid pace that the United Nations and its Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change consider it as one of the major global challenges of our time.2 Along with a changing climate, overuse and pollution of natural resources, dwindling water supplies, and extensive contamination of the environment with plastics pose additional threats. The effects of this changing climate on ecosystems, biodiversity, and human communities are increasingly obvious, although debates surrounding the scope and nature of the actions required to combat climate change remain contested and complex owing to competing political and economic priorities. Sadly, the burden of climate change and environmental pollution disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, particularly in low- and middleincome countries,3 which are less equipped to deal with the consequences. The 2022 International Society of Nephrology Emerging Leaders1 Correspondence: Letizia De Chiara, Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, FI 50139, Italy. E-mail: letizia.dechiara@ unifi.it 1Members of The 2022 International Society of Nephrology Emerging Leaders are listed in the Appendix. Ironically, the health care sector, which is dedicated to improving peoples’ lives, is an important contributor to climate change and environmental decline. The business of health care generates more than 4% of global greenhouse emissions and as high as 8% in some high-income countries.1 Medical supply chains account for a large proportion of this carbon footprint. The problem was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which created a tidal wave of medical waste in the face of single-use personal protective equipment and diagnostic tools. In addition, the treatment of advanced kidney disease (e.g., by dialysis) has among the highest carbon footprints in clinical care. As recognition of the environmental impact of health care has grown, many, mostly high-income, countries have made a formal commitment to providing health-related services in a more environmentally sustainable manner. This commitment includes reducing unnecessary consumption of resources, decarbonization of power generation, and investment in preventative care. However, creating sustainable health care is challenging, requiring parity between the mandate to deliver high-quality care and addressing the needs of the environment. Recognizing this pressing issue, Kidney International is launching series of minireviews dedicated to the topic of Green Nephrology. Our aim is to increase awareness of the climate and environmental impact of health care among the members of the nephrology community, conduct a deep dive into the relationship between kidney care and the environment, and promote environmentally friendly practices in nephrology. To this end, Kidney International partnered with the International Society of Nephrology’s Emerging Leaders 2022 Program (ISN-ELP 2022) to coordinate this initiative.

This is data set for the paper "Global assessment of the merit‑order effect and revenue cannibalisation for variable renewable energy". All Figures shown in the paper are produced from this data set. Abstract: The rapid growth of wind and solar power has been a major driver for decarbonisation worldwide. They tend to reduce wholesale electricity prices, both the time-weighted average (the merit‑order effect) and their own output-weighted average (price cannibalisation). Whilst these effects have been widely observed, most previous studies focus on single countries. Here, we compare 37 electricity markets across Europe, North America, Australia and Japan and explore variations between them. Merit-order and cannibalisation effects are observed in nearly all countries studied. However, only in Germany, Spain, Poland, Portugal, Denmark and California can renewable output explain more than 10% of variation in wholesale electricity prices. The global average merit‑order effect is €0.68±€0.54 /MWh per percentage point increase in variable renewable energy penetration, and this falls with higher penetration. Revenues captured by wind farms decrease by 0.23% (€0.16 /MWh) for each percentage point increase of wind penetration and by 1.94% (€0.90 /MWh) for solar PV. This is the version for submission.

Survey used and data gathered for research into adoption of carbon management strategies amongst universities 2022, which forms part of a PhD thesis and will be submitted for publication in a journal.

By attacking plants, herbivorous mammals, insects, and belowground pathogens are known to play an important role in maintaining biodiversity in grasslands. Foliar fungal pathogens are ubiquitous in grassland ecosystems, but little is known about their role as drivers of community composition and diversity. Here we excluded foliar fungal pathogens from perennial grassland by using fungicide to determine the effect of natural levels of disease on an otherwise undisturbed plant community. Importantly, we excluded foliar fungal pathogens along with rabbits, insects, and mollusks in a full factorial design, which allowed a comparison of pathogen effects along with those of better studied plant enemies. This revealed that fungal pathogens substantially reduced aboveground plant biomass and promoted plant diversity and that this especially benefited legumes. The scale of pathogen effects on productivity and biodiversity was similar to that of rabbits and insects, but different plant species responded to the exclusion of the three plant enemies. These results suggest that theories of plant coexistence and management of biodiversity in grasslands should consider foliar fungal pathogens as potentially important drivers of community composition.