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Meeting report on the symposium ‘New solutions to monitor plants, pollinators and their interactions in a changing world’, held at Collège de France and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France, 23–24 May 2024 International audience

This report comprises the output of Task 2.2 Strategies and indicators for data modelling and data analysis. It provides a suggestion for strategies to monitor CO2 emissions and a list of indicators that can be used to measure the performance of strategies to reduce CO2 emissions. These indicators are grouped and linked to a set of key questions, which are relevant for strategies to plan, design and implement low-carbon urban developments. The indicators identified in this report will be used to monitor and verify the impacts on CO2 emissions in the demonstrations conducted in WP8. The definition of this set of multi-dimensional indicators is based on the accounting framework proposed in D2.3. The indicators identified are most relevant for the three case studies (Manresa, Newcastle and North Harbour). This is because the scope of the work undertaken in Task 2.2 is specific to the problems addressed in the case studies. However, the indicators identified are also relevant to typical urban planning projects. Thus while the indicators presented in this report do not cover all aspects of all urban planning projects, they are adequate for developing strategies for evaluating the energy performance and CO2 emissions in many buildings, neighbourhoods and city development projects. As the SEMANCO platform develops and more case studies/pilot projects are analysed by users/actors it may be necessary to reassess the indicators. This means that a key finding derived from the work of Task 2.2 is that it is necessary to ensure that the SEMANCO platform and associated tools are flexible enough to allow both the introduction of new indicators and the removal of obsolete indicators.

Introduction The Windbench portal has been developed together with the IEA-Wind Task 31 “Wakebench” Wind Energy Model Evaluation Protocol (WEMEP) to promote interdisciplinary research in the development of integrated design tools. Due to the high complexity of the multi-scale wind energy system, a building-block validation process is required to systematically test model adequacy based on fit-to-purpose metrics across a wide range of wind conditions. Value Proposition Windbench focuses primarily on model developer needs while also engaging with researchers involved in the design of experiments and generation of validation datasets. End-users from industry use Windbench to judge the adequacy of the models underlying their design tools. The value proposition for these users is: Validate your code together with your peers and share your data safely to contribute to a traceable international model evaluation framework for the development of trustful wind energy engineering tools. This is rolled out into the following features that lead the new design of Windbench: A community platform to map and document the development an international wind energy modeling and evaluation framework. A validation directed research program to establish high-level priorities for experimental analysis, model development and evaluation to meet the requirements of wind energy applications. A guide to adopt formal model evaluation procedures and data standards to improve the traceability and interoperability of the framework. A gateway to open-access resources for modeling, data analysis and validation. A forum to discuss industry challenges and scientific insights that help identify knowledge gaps. Solution Windbench will orchestrate general-purpose services around the SeaDataCloud virtual research environment (VRE), a data analytics platform that allows users to run benchmarking activities powered by the EUDAT Collaborative Data Infrastructure. Jupyter notebooks will be integrated in the WEMEP using sphinx-based documentation through Github repositories, published in Zenodo for version control. Benchmark data repositories will be shared and exploited through EUDAT data management services integrated with the SeaDataCloud to adopt policies and standards that promote data interoperability. Potential contributions to the WEMEP will be discussed online through The Wind Vane Blog, a publication hosted by Medium to promote the exchange of scientific insights and challenges between wind energy researchers and industry. Testing Plans Windbench is developed alongside the third phase of the IEA Wind Task 31 with support from the H2020-MARINET2 project (grant agreement number 73108). Over the next three years the integration of Windbench in the SeaDataCloud VRE will be enabled and tested with use cases from MARINET2 calls for access to e-infrastructures as well as other parallel projects under the umbrella of the IEA Wind. Solution testing with early adopters will focus on developing critical components that lead to adoption (communities engaged, benchmarks produced, users producing content, etc). This will ultimately depend on an actionable model evaluation protocol that promotes validation repositories that follow FAIR principles on data that are findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable. Summary We present a prototype for the new design of Windbench, a service to manage benchmarking activities for verification and validation of wind energy models. Windbench addresses model developers, experimentalists and end-users from industry through an actionable model evaluation protocol that promotes data sharing and trust. This will be powered by a virtual research environment built on the SeaDataCloud to provide data analytics around benchmark repositories managed in the EUDAT data management ecosystem. Key performance indicators will be based on quantifying user adoption as well as assessing the FAIRification of the data as outlined in the GO FAIR initiative.

In SONNET, we investigate the development of the SIE-field called ‘participatory experimentation and incubation’, i.e. multi-actor, collaborative formats that aim to experiment with and/or try out novel energy solutions in specific (local and temporal limited, project-like) settings. This report analyses formats that bring together actors from different societal spheres to collaborate (rather than to have a dialogue only) in a project-like setting. To qualify, a collaboration needs to be considered by at least one of the actors as an ‘experiment’ meaning that it aims at testing, investigating or trialling a specific solution and/or clearly aiming at learning from putting certain solutions in practice. To be included in this report, the experimentation clearly focuses on energy topics and takes place in Germany. Although terms and concepts are often not clearly defined, we could distinguish and trace the developments of at least five collaborative multi-actor experimentation formats during the last twenty years.

This thesis was submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University London Alkali-activated binders (AABs) are the third-generation class of binders after lime and Portland cement. These binders have the potential to be made from a variety of industrial waste sources, many of which have remained largely unexplored. Significant drawbacks of AABs are the requirement of highly alkaline solutions for its production and the lack of available data regarding its implementation in the field. To bridge this gap, this study aimed to research the recycling and valorization of tungsten mining waste (TMW) to produce AABs, using waste glass (WG) as a supplementary material for reducing the alkali activator demand. Finally, a connection was made between the fundamental research on AABs and a practical engineering application. A detailed approach was undertaken to determine the most appropriate TMW-WG AAB preparation methods and curing conditions, an understudied area, with a strong emphasis on the microstructural development during hardening. The alkali activator appeared to be sensitive to prolonged stirring, which appeared to induce a stripping effect of the water molecules from the alkali metal ions, leading to a less intense attack on the silicon-oxygen bonds in precursor material. The effects of WG (dissolution and chemical reaction) were investigated to understand its contribution to the AAB system. WG was observed to provide an additional source reactive silica, contributing to the formation of a calcium-containing N-A-S-H gel, and significantly improve the mechanical strength. PCM macro-encapsulated aggregates (ME-LWAs) were also researched and incorporated into the TMW-WG AAB for the development of an energy-saving building material. The ME-LWAs stood out to be leak proof, with excellent thermal stability and thermal conductivity, latent heat capacity and abrasion resistance. It was also found out it is feasible to produce foamed lightweight alkali-activated materials using tungsten mining waste (TMW-WG FAAB) and other precursor materials. FAAB can be used in several applications where low density and fire resistance is required. The TMW-WG FAAB was also designed to suit a wide range of densities and compressive strengths using chemical foaming, achieving very low thermal conductivity. Finally, the TMW-WG AAB proved itself to be convenient to prepare on-site, demonstrating in service its ease of preparation, rapid hardening and durability as a novel road repair mortar.

This study develops a multidimensional framework to assess cumulative exposure to climaterelated risks across Europe, integrating health, energy, transport, and socioeconomic conditions. By mapping risk distribution across regions and measuring dependence, we capture the interconnectedness of exposures and identify key socioeconomic drivers. Our findings reveal a substantial variation in risk distribution, with no clear geographical patterns. Unsurprisingly, household income emerges as the strongest determinant of exposure. We extend this analysis by projecting cumulative exposure to 2050, applying climate scenarios. The results suggest gradual rather than sharp change in exposure over time, with some areas exhibiting sharp rises; however, average risks are expected to rise across the entire continent.

In this work we present the test done at ONERA combustor rig M1 in the frame of JETSCREEN project . In this test, we have studied 4 different fuels, including standard JetA-1, Alcohol to Jet (AtJ), AtJ/JetA-1 blends and desulfurized JetA-1. We have measured CO2 and SO2 concentrations. CO2 was used as well to calculate the dilution done along the line. We have measure soot mass by means of Laser Induced Incandescence (LII, Artium Inc.), particle number was measured using a Pegasor Particle Sensor type M (PPS-M, Pegasor Oy.) and a Condensation Particle Counter (CPC, Grimm GmbH.). Finally, particle size distribution was measured using a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) using either a CPC or a Faraday Cup Electrometer as detector (Grimm GmbH). For each fuel, we have studied different engine regimes. Including some of the regimes included in the LTO-cycle, but also some additional regimes such like a cruise regime.