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Принятие комплекса законодательных актов в сфере энергетики, объединяемых термином Energiewende , существенно изменило структуру потребления энергии в Германии: в настоящее время наи-большую долю в ней занимает зеленая энергия, выработанная за счет использования ветра, солнца, воды и биомассы. Подобные изменения, безусловно, можно расценивать как успех. Однако, одновременно с целена-правленным изменением структуры производства и потребления энергии в Германии возникли определенные социально-политические, экономические и юридические проблемы, требующие тщательного изучения. Дискус-сионным является вопрос о соответствии целей и предлагаемых мер их достижения, в частности, в отношении бесперебойности энергообеспечения, расширения электрических сетей, совершенствования подхода к ценооб-разованию, экологических последствий с учетом курса на тотальное расширение производства энергии за счет возобновляемых источников. Актуальными для Германии и затрагивающими энергетическую политику России являются вопросы ускоренного сворачивания ядерной энергетики и легитимности национального курса Герма-нии на продвижение зеленой энергетики в контексте интеграции с Европейским энергетическим рынком. В статье выполнен анализ указанного комплекса проблем и охарактеризована роль национального законода-тельства Германии в их решении. from wind, solar, water and biomass now provides the largest contribution to the total electricity consumption. In this respect, Energiewende can be regarded as an overall success. But in parallel to this scenario, a critical discourse has evolved concerning socio-political, economic and legal issues. The congruence of objectives and measures for example, in regards to ensuring security of supply, expansion of electricity networks, development of electricity price and envi-ronmental consequences in the course of expansion of electricity generation from renewable sources is the main focus of socio-political and economic discussions. Accelerated phase-out of nuclear energy and constitutional disputes regarding the legality of national orientation of the promotional scheme for green electricity in respect to the integration of German electricity sector in the European internal market for energy are in the centre of the debate and have a remarkable impact on the energy policy in Russia as well. Against this background, present article examines the con-tribution of German Energiewende to the resolution of complex challenges of the developed industrial society. №4 (226) (2017)

The work is dedicated to the study of the influence of the wind turbine lightning protection system on the possibility of a lightning strike to the lightning rod, to the protected object and to the surface of the earth. The aim of the work is to study atmospheric electric fields for a complex object: a wind turbine, a thundercloud and a surface of the earth, in two versions - with and without a lightning protection system. This goal is achieved by constructing a mathematical model based on the Laplace equation of elliptic type and boundary conditions for calculating the electric flow function. Computational experiments over a wind turbine carried out in two basic configurations: using a rodtype lightning protection system and without it. The most significant result of the work is a mathematical model with boundary conditions that determines the rigid boundaries of the object of study and constant values at the free and symmetric boundaries for calculating the electric flow function, the method of finding the specific distribution of the lines of the flow function along the boundaries of the studied wind power installation, and the results of computational experiments. As a result, it was found that the applied numerical calculation method allows analyzing the features of the atmospheric electrostatic field near the pointed peaks. The proposed mathematical model makes it possible increasing of the efficiency of lightning protection of a power plant and can be used to simulate other objects using a rod type of lightning protection.

The article reviews the transverse magnetic flux machine designs. The work aim was the analysis of the transverse magnetic flux generator with a disk rotor, the stator poles optimal number selection and the resistance torque reducing. This resistance torque was created by one-sided magnetic attraction force from the permanent magnets on the rotor and it hasn’t been considered previously, which is a novelty of this work. The ways to increase the electromotive force in the generator are also considered. The main work goal was obtained by magnetic system analysis of generator using Ansys Maxwell software and disk rotor strength analysis using ASCON Компас-3D software. It is concluded that the magnetic reversal frequency of the stator cores depends on the number of permanent magnets on the rotor. The dependence of the magnetic induction average value in the U-shaped stator core on their number was obtained during the magnetic analysis. The disk rotor strength simulation allowed getting the maximum possible bend of the disk rotor under the influence of the one-sided magnetic attraction force. The neodymium permanent magnets help to improve generator efficiency and to decrease its mass-dimensional indicators. It was proposed to use an uneven permanent magnets distribution on the rotor in the transverse magnetic flux generator to reduce the resistance torque of the disk rotor. The permanent magnets attraction force that interacts with stator steel poles was considered. The dependence of magnetic attraction force of the permanent magnets on the air gap size of the generator has been obtained.