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Project: Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) datasets - These data have been generated as part of the internationally-coordinated Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6; see also GMD Special Issue: http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/special_issue590.html). The simulation data provides a basis for climate research designed to answer fundamental science questions and serves as resource for authors of the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR6). CMIP6 is a project coordinated by the Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) as part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Phase 6 builds on previous phases executed under the leadership of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and relies on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) and the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) along with numerous related activities for implementation. The original data is hosted and partially replicated on a federated collection of data nodes, and most of the data relied on by the IPCC is being archived for long-term preservation at the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (IPCC DDC) hosted by the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). The project includes simulations from about 120 global climate models and around 45 institutions and organizations worldwide. Summary: These data include the subset used by IPCC AR6 WGI authors of the datasets originally published in ESGF for 'CMIP6.ScenarioMIP.CMCC.CMCC-ESM2.ssp126' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'. The CMCC-ESM2 climate model, released in 2017, includes the following components: aerosol: MAM3, atmos: CAM5.3 (1deg; 288 x 192 longitude/latitude; 30 levels; top at ~2 hPa), land: CLM4.5 (BGC mode), ocean: NEMO3.6 (ORCA1 tripolar primarly 1 deg lat/lon with meridional refinement down to 1/3 degree in the tropics; 362 x 292 longitude/latitude; 50 vertical levels; top grid cell 0-1 m), ocnBgchem: BFM5.2, seaIce: CICE4.0. The model was run by the Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Lecce 73100, Italy (CMCC) in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmos: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 100 km, ocnBgchem: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km.

The dataset included in this repository was obtained during the project entitled 'Sensibilidad física y biotic de los estuarios peninsulares al cambio global (SENSES)' funded by 'Fundación Biodiversidad', PRCV00487. The data were used in the research article 'Sensitivity of Iberian estuaries to changes in sea water temperature, salinity, river-flow, mean sea level, and tidal amplitudes' submitted to Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. Brief description of dataset: For each estuary, the following parameters were calculated Fachade: the location of the estuary Area (km2) D (m): water depth at the mouth of the estuary in 2000 and 2015 Tidal Prim (m3) Qf (m3/s): river flow in 2000 and 2015 a (m): tidal amplitude of the free surface elevation in 2000 and 2015 ∆U (m/s): absolute variation of the tidal current amplitude between 2000 and 2015 ∆E (W/m2): absolute variation of the tidal energy flux propagation index between 2000 and 2015 ∆Ri : absolute variation of the bulk Richardson number index between 2000 and 2015 ∆SI: absolute variation of the salinity intrusion index between 2000 and 2015 A wide description of the parameters can be found in Serrano, M. A. et al (submitted to Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science) Contact person: mserranog@ugr.es

Methodology: The genetic material comprise 57 populations (8 of Brutia pine and 49 of Aleppo pine) originating from 7 countries of the Mediterranean Basin (Italy, Tunisia, Spain, Turkey, France, Greece and Morocco). Trials were established in 1992 and assessments were carried out 1, 6, 9, 12, 14, 17 and 21 years after planting. Assessed variables are listed within the Excel file (Readme sheet). Access and reuse: This dataset is subject to a Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional License. This dataset compiles phenotypic information of height and diameter growth, survival and defoliation by the processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) assessed at different ages (up to 22 years-old) in two provenance tests (Izarene and Chatba) of Pinus halepensis and Pinus brutia established in Morocco. This research was founded by the National Forest Research Centre budget, Morocco. RZ received support from the Grant FUTURPIN AGL2015-68274-C03-02R founded by MINECO/FEDER. No

Meteorological droughts will become the principal factor driving compound hot-dry events and analysis thereof is therefore fundamental with regard to understanding future climate patterns. The average citizen knows little of geometry, but it plays an essential role in the characteristics of the droughts, by means of "fractional lengths". A fractality measure based upon the Cantor set reveals consensual changes in the behavior of droughts worldwide. Most regions will undergo a slight increase in fractality (up to +10% on average), particularly associated with an acceleration of the hydrological cycle and the Hadley cell expansion, with a shift towards the higher latitudes of the tropical edge in both hemispheres. Simultaneously, the polar regions might benefit from more regular precipitation patterns. Other inequality measures, such as the indices of Gini and Monjo, showed similar results. In general terms, the earth’s climate will be more fractal in the rainfall-related patterns, which likely means that the consequences will be more catastrophic for the human population.

This study has been funded by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation grants CGL2010-18602, CGL2015-66192-R and Andalusian grant P12-RNM-1521-EEZA to J.M.L., the European Regional Development Fund, Agencia Nacional de la Promoción de Ciencia y Tecnología (PICT 2016-1780), Argentina to A.T.A. and FPI fellowship (BES-2011-043505) to N.M.R Dos tablas de datos: Animal abundance y Decomposition data Peer reviewed

Growth parameters of Argopecten purpuratus and associated statisticsEstimation of growth parameters of Argopecten purpuratus using the ELEFAN_SA optimization procedure implemented in TropFishR. Ncohort: is the number of yearly repeating cohorts; Agemax: maximum age of the population; L∞ L asymptotic total length; K: von Bertalanffy growth constant; t_anchor: is the fraction of the year (ranging between 0 and 1) where yearly repeating growth curves cross length equal to zero; C: is a constant indicating the amplitude of the growth oscillation; ts is the fraction of a year where the sine wave oscillation begins; Φ´: growth performance index (see eq. 3); Rn_max: maximum possible score obtained during the fitness maximization process; ASP: available sum of peaks (for details see Mildenberger et al. 2017 [30]). CI: confidence intervals for growth parameters calculated with the jack knife technique [30]Dataset 1.xlsxP/B ratio of Argopecten purpuratus and environmental factorsAnnual changes in the production to biomass ratio of Argopecten purpuratus and environmental factors potentially affecting themDataset 2.xlsxPopulation parameters of Argopecten purpuratusMonthly estimation of population parameters of Argopecten purpuratus in Bahia independencia: Mean abundance (number of individuals per square meter); Individual mass (g ash-free dry mass estimated for a standard individual of 65 mm in shell length); body size (mm, mean, minimum, Q1 percentil, Q2 percentil and maximum)Dataset 3.xlsx The trophic flow of a species is considered a characteristic trait reflecting its trophic position and function in the ecosystem and its interaction with the environment. However, climate patterns are changing and we ignore how patterns of trophic flow are being affected. In the Humboldt Current ecosystem, arguably one of the most productive marine systems, El Niño-Southern Oscillation is the main source of interannual and longer-term variability. To assess the effect of this variability on trophic flow we built a 16-year series of mass-specific somatic production rate (P/B) of the Peruvian scallop (Argopecten purpuratus), a species belonging to a former tropical fauna that thrived in this cold ecosystem. A strong increase of the P/B ratio of this species was observed during nutrient-poor, warmer water conditions typical of El Niño, owing to the massive recruitment of fast-growing juvenile scallops. Trophic ecology theory predicts that when primary production is nutrient limited, the trophic flow of organisms occupying low trophic levels should be constrained (bottom-up control). For former tropical fauna thriving in cold, productive upwelling coastal zones, a short time of low food conditions but warm waters during El Niño could be sufficient to waken their ancestral biological features and display massive proliferations.

1. In Mediterranean mountainous areas, forests have expanded in recent decades because traditional management practices have been abandoned or reduced. However, understanding the ecological mechanism behind landscape change is a complex undertaking as the effects of land use may be influenced (reinforced or constrained) by other factors such as climate. 2. We used orthorectified aerial photographs to monitor changes in forest distribution in a set of 20 head-water basins (located in the Cantabrian Mountains of northwest Spain, at the Eurosiberian-Mediterranean limit) during the second half of the 20th century (1956, 1974, 1983, 1990 and 2004). In particular, we evaluated the combined effects of both land use history (comparing natural vs. anthropic basins) and microclimate (comparing shaded vs. sunny aspects) for assessing gain/loss rates and spatial distribution shifts of forests. Finally, in the stated scenarios of land use history and microclimate, we applied Species Distribution Modeling techniques (MaxEnt and BIOMOD) for defining forest expansion both spatially and statistically on the basis of topography, soil properties and mesoclimatic variables. 3. On average, forest cover increased from 10.72% in 1956 to 27.67% in 2004. The rate of expansion was significantly higher in natural basins and, particularly, on shaded slopes in recent decades. In all cases, the mean elevation of new forest patches increased during the study period, this trend being more evident on natural sunny slopes. The performance of the models and the magnitude of the effects varied across land use history, microclimatic conditions and biogeographic origin of forests. The main drivers of forest expansion were temperature and precipitation in late spring and early summer and soil properties, although land use history and plant diversity primarily controlled forest expansion rates and upward altitudinal shifts. 4. Synthesis. The combination of monitoring and modeling used in this work contributes to the understanding of forest dynamics in cultural systems, indicating that ecological succession is not a homogeneous process, but varies spatially due to human and abiotic constraints since historical times. On-line data support_monitoring and modelling forest expansion

The Se?or?o de B?rtiz National Park (Navarra, Spain) is part of a research project that studies the impact of climate change in well-preserved temperate forests. As part of this research, fish population of the Suspiro stream, that flows trhough the park, is analysed among other environmental variables. This dataset contains information of occurrence of fish species found in this stream.